High-Def DVD

Next-Generation DVD: High-Def / High-Density

Douglas Dixon

Manifest Technology LLC

April 2005

www.manifest-tech.com
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 1
The HD Problem Wheres the Delivery Format? New DVD Formats Layers and Sides: DL, DualDisc Higher Density HD DVD / Blu-ray Formats and Issues Better Compression MPEG-4 / DivX & Nero WMV HD DVD / Sonic DVD Producer HD Next-Gen Authoring Interactivity, Scripting
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 2

High-Def is Here

HDTV for Consumer Electronics Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) More than 1.35M LCD units 2004 Cumulative DTV sales 14.3M units, $23B
Integrated sets and monitors at least 480p ATSC terrestrial digital broadcasts

DTV unit sales forecast

04 - 08 6.97M - 10.77M - 16.77M - 23.25M - 27.05M
Mass Merchandisers: Best Buy, Wal-Mart PC to CE: Dell, Gateway, Hewlett-Packard
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 3

Shoot HD HDV Format

HDV Affordable HD on MiniDV Tape
HDV Format Sony & JVC www.hdv-info.org Video: MPEG-2 (MP@H-14), 16:9, NTSC / PAL 720p (1280 x 720) 19 Mbps

60p, 30p, 50p, 25p

1080i (1440 x 1080) 25 Mbps
[vs 1920 display, DVCPRO HD 1280] 60i, 50i
Audio: MPEG1 Layer II 48 kHz, 16-bit Stereo at 384 kbps Transport MPEG-2-TS (Transport Stream) over FireWire
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Shoot HD HDV Cameras

Affordable HD Acquisition JVC JY-HD10U $2900 6/03 Single-chip DV, SD progressive, HDV (720/30p) Sony HVR-Z1U Pro $4900 11/04 3-chip DV, DVCAM, HDV 1080 SD or HD; 60i or 50i; 30, 25, 24 fps Cinema like (25F/30F/24F) Sony HVR-M10U HDV VCR $3,700

JVC JY-HD10U

Sony HVR-Z1U
Sony - HDR-FX1 Handycam camcorder - $3700 HDV 1080i
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 5

Edit HD On the Desktop

Affordable HD Editing
Software with Native Editing Hardware Capture / Acceleration Native MPEG-2 HDV 19, 25 Mbps Pinnacle Liquid Edition Native DVCPRO HD Panasonic Varicam 100 Mbps Final Cut Pro HD, Avid Xpress Pro HD Intermediate Format Trancode Lightly compressed CineForm Aspect HD 100 Mbps Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas Uncompressed

5/2005

Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com

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Deliver HD Wheres the Format?
Need Ubiquitous HD Delivery Format HD Tape? D-VHS recorders for SD and HD digital TV broadcasts Prerecorded D-Theater HD movies HD Disc? (WMV HD on PC) Coming soon Copy Protection issues - AACS Prerecorded content / Record broadcast
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 7

HD Demands More Capacity

Need to Find 6X Improvement HDTV has six times more picture information than Standard Definition TV (NTSC or PAL)
1920 x 1080 x 30 = 62 million pixels/second 720 x 480 x 30 = 10 million pixels/second SDTV
Need 6 X improvement for HD High-Density More physical bits Storage capacity High-Definition Better compression Data rate
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High Def Requirements

High-Density Storage 4 to 6 X capacity (15 to 30 GB per layer) 2 to 3 X data rates (25 to 36 Mbps) DVD form factor Red -> Blue laser High-Definition Video 2-hour HD movie 1280720, 19201080 Progressive, widescreen (16:9) MPEG-2 HD, MPEG-4 AVC, VC-1 (WMV 9) High-Definition Audio Dolby Digital+ (lossy), MLP (lossless), DTS-HD Advanced Interactivity Scripting / Java programming, Internet connectivity
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 9

Trends in Media: HD DVD

End of format stability: DV for acquisition, DVD for delivery Consumer and professional, Set-top to desktop, CE to PC
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DVD Formats: Mastered Discs
Multiple Layers and Sides
Replicated DVD Formats DVD-5 - 4.70 BB - Single-sided DVD-9 - 8.54 BB - Dual-layer Super Audio CD (SACD) Sony and Philips, for audiophiles Dual-layer: CD audio + HD audio Dual Disc End 04 - Double-sided: CD album, 2nd DVD side - DVD-Audio w/ album in high quality sound - Plays anywhere: Plus DVD extras - Double-Layer (DL) Recordable DVD+R DL shipped 2H 2004; 8.5 GB

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Path to High-Capacity DVD
Backward Compatible Same disc form factor: CD + DVD + HD Floppy 1 MB -> CD 650 MB -> DVD 4.5 GB (7X) Higher Capacity Blue Laser 2 hour HD movie per side (w/ layers) Blue-violet laser: shorter wavelength Better Compression Video: MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC, WMV (VC-1) Audio: Dolby Digital+, DTS-HD, MLP lossless Next-Gen Product Playback and Record: Unlike original DVD Next-Gen Authoring: Video + Interactive (Java)
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Increase Density: Red to Blue Laser

DVD HD-DVD Blu-ray

0.6 mm

0.1 mm

4.7/8.5 GB 650 nm (CD 780)

15/30 GB (3 x DVD)

25/50 GB (5 x DVD) 405 nm

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Blu-ray Laser: Comparison to DVD
Beam spot area size is successfully reduced to one fifth that of DVD by adopting a 0.85 high NA lens and a 405 nm blue-violet laser.
Light spot area size 100% 19%

Blu-ray Disc

Protection layer thickness 0.6 mm 0.1 mm
Higher NA: x2 high density 0.6 0.85
Shorter wavelength: x2.6 high density

650 nm (CD 780)

405 nm

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1.2 mm

High-Def DVD Formats

HD DVD 3X DVD 15 / 30 GB SL/DL DVD Forum AOD (Advanced Optical Disc) Toshiba, NEC Memory-Tech, Sanyo, Thompson Less aggressive, closer to DVD manufacturing Blu-ray Disc (BD) 5X DVD 25 / 50 GB SL/DL BD Assoc (100+): Sony, Panasonic (Matsushita) CE Hitachi, LG Electronics, Mitsubishi, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Thomson PC Apple, Dell, Hewlett-Packard Studios Fox, Disney; Media TDK More capacity: 2/3 more
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HD DVD

References DVD Forum www.dvdforum.com HD DVD Promotion Group www.hddvdprg.com HD DVD Format HD DVD-ROM (Read-Only)
Single-sided 15 GB (single-layer) 30 GB (dual-layer) Double-sided 30 GB (single-layer) 60 GB (dual-layer)

HD DVD-R (Recordable)

Single-sided 15 GB (single-layer) Double-sided 30 GB (single-layer)

HD DVD-RW (Rewritable)

Single-sided 20 GB (single-layer) - 32GB (dual-layer) * under development Double-sided 40 GB (single-layer)

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Blu-ray Disc (BD)
References Blu-ray Disc Association www.blu-raydisc.com Blu-ray Disc License Site www.blu-raydisc.info White Papers www.blu-raydisc.com/Section-13628 BD Format BD-ROM, BD-R, BD-RE 23.305 and 25.025 GB/layer (27.02 reserved) Dual layer 46.61 and 50.05 GB (54.04 reserved) User data transfer rate: 53.948 Mbit/s (Movies) (vs 10.08 Mbps for DVD)
5X DVD data rate at double the rotation rate

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Another Format War
Studio Support (DRM) HD DVD: / Paramount (Viacom CBS, MTV) Warner Bros & New Line (Time Warner HBO) Universal (GE NBC) not exclusive Blu-ray: Sony / Columbia & MGM Disney & Buena Vista; EA, Vivendi Univ. Games Products Coming to Market Extensive test manufacturing BD on market: Consumer and ProData VHS vs. Beta Again, Not DVD -/+ Unlike DVD, Need compatible burner and player Maybe multi-format players (vs. recorders)?
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Copy Protection AACS

Advanced Access Content System (AACS) Manage content stored on next generation of prerecorded and recorded optical media, for consumer use with PCs and CE devices Home network, media servers, authorized media, portable devices www.aacsla.com Founders (8 companies) IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Panasonic (Matsushita) Sony, Toshiba, Disney, Warner Bros. Main Features CSS + CPRM AES 128 bit encryption Enhanced Drive Authentication Device key for drive Disc manufacturer ID bound to key Authenticate original Improved Media Key Block to make precise key revocation Network connectivity Unlock content by Internet HD DVD will adopt, BD might adopt
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Fingerprint Resistance

Hard Coat for BD-RE/R Bare Disc (no caddy)
Laser spot size (approx. 130 m)

Non-treated Surface

TDK Hard-coat *Artificially prepared fingerprints were applied quantitatively.
Next generation Hard-coat

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Compatibility with Red-Laser DVD
BD/DVD/CD Compatible Pick Up

LG Electronics

Single aspherical objective lens Polarized HOE and LC device are located under the objective lens.
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 21
Professional Blu-ray Products
Sony XDCAM Professional Disc Camcorder Sony ProData: Professional Disc for Data 23GB, 11 Mbps, $2400 drive, $45 media
Sony BDZ-S77 Blu-ray Disc Recorder

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BD-ROM Replication Line
Over half million SL discs produced in Japan Over 100,000 DL discs produced in Japan

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HD DVD Manufacturing Lines

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HD DVD Hardware Releases 2005

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HD DVD Titles Release Plans

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More High-Def DVD Formats
EVD Enhanced Versatile Disk China Red laser DVD 9 & 16 GB DL (25 & 48 GB blue later) MPEG-2 video (was On2 VP5/6), Beijing E-world group Coding Technologies, EAC 2.0 Enhanced Audio Codec www.chinatechnews.com FVD Forward Versatile Disc - Taiwan Red laser 5.4 & 9.8 GB SS/DL (720) to 6 & 11 GB
Next generation over 15 GB (1080i)
Microsoft WM Video 9 and WMA 9 Pro
Royalty 10 vs $2.50 MPEG-2, 25 MPEG-4 Sigma Designs EM8620L media processor retail ~ US $149 in Taiwan and $121 in China
Taiwan Industrial Technical Research Institute (ITRI)

www.itri.org.tw/eng

Sonic to support in burn engine

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Future High-Def DVD Formats
VMD Versatile MultiLayer Disc New Medium Enterprises; MPEG-2, 1080i/p HD Red laser Multiple layers 5 GB each 20 - 40 GB More Variants Hybrid Dual-Layer: HD DVD + DVD More Layers (BD): Quad-layer Optware HVD Holographic Versatile Disc HVD Alliance, Japan Fuji, Konica Minolta, Mitsubishi Collinear holographic recording double beam Capacity 300 GB to 3.9 terabytes on single DVD (1 TB = 200X DVD; Transfer 1 Gb/s = 40 X) InPhase Tapestry Holographic Drive Maxell; 300 GB to 1.6 TB OEM 2006

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HD Compression
Better Compression More HD & SD content on HD discs Fit HD content on current DVD discs Codec Improvements Current DVD: MPEG-2 at ~ 6-8 Mbps Advanced codecs: WMV, MPEG-4
Scalable from HD to portable

HD at DVD Rates

SD over broadband in 1 - 2 Mbps HD with surround sound in ~ 5 Mbps

Mass Storage

Fit 2 movies on CD, 15 on a DVD 133 hours on 60 GB drive vs 5 hours of DV
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MPEG-4 Developments

MPEG-4 - 1999 Error resilience features Clear improvement for medium bit rate coding (384 to 768 Kbps) MPEG Industry Forum - www.mpegif.org MPEG-4 AVC - 2003 AVC - Advanced Video Coding
ITU H.264 / MPEG-4 part 10 Joint Video Team (JVT)
Substantially higher video quality, higher complexity Apple QuickTime 6 (7/02) Mainstream MPEG-4, AAC audio MPEG-2 playback separate component www.apple.com/mpeg4
5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 30

DivX MPEG-4 on DVD

DivX Networks Core DivX video codec over 120 million users
HD, VOD, DRM; DivX Certification; Networking (v6 3/04, HD)
DVD quality at 10X compression of MPEG-2 CE Devices 20 million DivX Certified DVD players ship by end 04

I-O Data AVeL LinkPlayer 2 DivX HD DVD Player $249
2005 HD DVD players, DVD recorders, DVRs, digital cameras, portable media players, set-top boxes, network-connected devices

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Nero Digital MPEG-4 on DVD
Nero Digital Standards: MPEG-4 Simple & Advanced profiles, AAC DVD quality in 20% of the space CE Devices Siemssen SCO 5000ND DVD player 12/04 Copy Protection: CPRM (-), VCPS (+), DCTP/IP DRM: Proprietary + Standards (OMA, Coral) DVD-like: 2 audio streams, subtitles, chapters HDTV profile next generation

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Windows Media 9 Series
Windows Media 9 (9/02, 1/03) HD video, 5.1-channel surround sound Video 15 50% better WMV 8,

3X MPEG-2, 2X MPEG-4

Audio 20% better than WMA 8 Perceptually lossless at 5:1 www.microsoft.com/windowsmedia Windows Media Player 10 (end 2004) Windows Media Services, Encoder, SDK Hardware decoders: WMA, WMV Advanced Profile codec - 2004
Interlaced, broadcast and wireless
SMPTE Standardization (VC-1) Adopted by next-gen DVD formats
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Windows Media in Products
CE Devices Sigma Design processors Support Windows Media Audio and Video 9 Networked DVD Media Players KiSS Technology DP-600 - Europe ~ $299 I-O Data LinkPlayer2, Japan WMV HD Buffalo Link Theater, Japan LITE-ON IT OEM DVD player Digital media receivers Vertex Link Corp. DMR in Japan MediaWiz HD Twinhead International Corp. Digishare digital media receiver Internet Protocol television (IPTV) set-top boxes WEGENER IP video set-top SMD 515 Streaming Media Decoder

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WM High Definition (WMV HD)
Windows Media High Definition Video Defacto HD presentation format HD Video - 720p up to 1080p WM Audio Professional - multichannel
Six (5.1) or eight (7.1) channels, up to 24-bit / 96 kHz 128 to 768 Kbps, 16 or 24 bits, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96 kHz
Recommend: 3 GHz, 512 MB, 1920 x 1440, surround Windows Media HD Applications Film Sundance, Landmark theatres DVDs Full HD movie Digital Rights Management (DRM) Standing in the Shadows of Motown (2003) Terminator 2: T2 Extreme Edition (2003)
1440/1920 x 816 - CBR 6.8 Mbps -152 min. in 6.5 GB WMA 5.1 channel surround - 1-pass, 48 kHz, 16-bit, 440 Kbps
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WMV HD DVDs

Ten IMAX DVDs - Full WMV HD DVD production Step into Liquid WMV 9 Pro - 1280 x 692 (1:85:1) - 8.4 Mbps - 1:28 in 5.4 GB WMA 9 Pro - 5.1 channel - 1-pass CBR, 48 kHz, 24-bit, 440 kbps Coral Reef Adventure 47 min.: 720p in 2.1 GB (6.4 Mbps) /1080p in 2.7 GB (8.4 Mbps) Menus Dynamically Composited Windows AutoRun Licence check WM DRM, renew weekly HTML based application (.HTA) splash screen Application in JavaScript and DHTML Disc experience - XML data file Menus HTML with CSS style sheets Authoring Guide wmvhd.com - www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/ content_provider/wmvhddvd/default.aspx
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Coral Reef Adventure Menus

Main Menu

Chapters Menu
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Coral Reef Adventure Setup

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Windows Media Encoder
www.microsoft.com/windows/ windowsmedia/9series/encoder

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WMV HD Authoring - DVD Producer
Sonic DVD Producer WMV HD Edition Author HD titles on DVD using WMV HD technology End 2004, $12,999 Playable on Windows Media 9 Series player on Win XP New authoring user interface, DVDit 5, June 2004 www.sonic.com/dvdproducerhd Goal: Interface & authoring metaphor format agnostic DVD Producer 5 - early 2005 HD series encoder
PCI real-time hardware encoding WMV HD video and WMA surround-sound audio

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DVD Producer HD Interface

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DVD Producer HD Authoring
Generic WMV HD DVD design template DVD-like interface for menu interaction and content playback Supporting components - License management
System configuration: HD display, Surround sound
Authoring tool creates a disc-specific script file
Define and manage menus and interaction
Menu design Significantly higher display resolution Button highlighting by swapping in new graphics Not motion menu backgrounds or motion video in buttons Clips Imported in WMV format No format conversion, resizing, or transcoding Clips displayed by Windows Media architecture Dynamically reformatted to current display format and window resolution
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DVD Producer HD Enhancements
Build Easy simulation - No flattening, muxing Run-time Player Engine Processes HTML menu descriptions Dynamically composite elements to final display Merge DVD and Web Interfaces Multiple aspect ratios (initial 16:9, 1920 x 1080 res) Navigation end actions and button routing Multiple language menus, audio and subtitles Mouse-over roll-over effects; Web links; User ops Access to built-in Windows components

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HD Authoring (Blu-ray)
Advanced Interactivity and Communications Motion and interactivity Remove modal constraints and limitations Video layer HDMV High Definition Movie mode Like today's DVDs video, menus, navigation Can be authored with extensions of today's tools Interactive layer / mode BD-J Java platform Java programming environment Full interactive applications Communications interface to external devices, Internet
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HD Authoring Interactivity

Scene Selection Menu

Interactive Menus Full-color Video, animated graphics, dynamic text Scene selection scrolls all thumbnails on same menu Motion video and audio play continuously Web-like / Flash-like Interaction Highlighting effects, page transitions Animated buttons and click sounds Full interactive applications and games
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HD Authoring Connectivity
Internet to servers and websites Additional content Clips, games, new releases, subtitles Related products, discounts Local network to computers and CE devices Copy files to local PC
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Potential New Functions of HD DVD

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Authoring HD DVD

HD-DVD advanced content Declarative Markup + Script W3C - World Wide Web Consortium (w3.org) XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language HTML documents made XML compliant CSS Cascading Style Sheets Separate content and layout SMIL Synchronized Media Integration Language Coordinate multiple media streams JavaScript / ECMAScript Scripting ECMA-262 / ISO ecma-international.org
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Future of DVD Authoring

Professional tools coming Current tools could adapt to basic HD productions Sonic: ScenaristHD (movie), InterActual (interactive) ZOOTech DVD-EXTRA STUDIO Interactive productions require programming More like Web application development General Java programming skills Multimedia tools like Flash Opportunity for custom interfaces Common user interface and communications libraries Passive DVD viewing becomes interactive experience DVD authors become more like software developers
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References

DVD FAQ Jim Taylor www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) www.blu-raydisc.com HD DVD Promotion Group www.hddvdprg.com MPEG-4 MPEG Industry Forum - www.mpegif.org Apple MPEG-4 - www.apple.com/mpeg4 Apple QuickTime 6 (7/02) www.apple.com/mpeg4 Microsoft Windows Media Video - HD www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia www.wmvhd.com Sonic Solutions - DVD Producer HD www.sonic.com/products/dvdproducerhd

Manifest Technology is a registered trademark of Douglas Dixon 5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 51

For More Information

Manifest Technology www.manifest-tech.com
The Manifest Technology site by Douglas Dixon contains over 150 articles and technical references on multimedia technology, especially digital video editing and DVD authoring.
Manifest Technology is a registered trademark of Douglas Dixon 5/2005 Copyright 2004-2005 Douglas Dixon, All Rights Reserved - www.manifest-tech.com Page 52