3-865-706-11(1)

CD Radio Cassette-Corder

Operating Instructions

CFD-S28 CFD-S38

1999 by Sony Corporation

Warning
To prevent fire or shock hazard, do not expose the player to rain or moisture.

Information

For customers in the United States This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved in this manual could void your authority to operate this equipment.
This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage within the product's enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons. This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance.

CAUTION

The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye hazard.

Owner's Record

The model number is located at the bottom and the serial number is located in the battery compartment. Record the serial number in the space provided below. Refer to these numbers whenever you call upon your Sony dealer regarding this product.

WARNING

Do not install the appliance in a confined space, such as a bookcase or built-in cabinet. For customers in Canada To prevent electric shock, match wide blade of plug to wide slot, fully insert.

Model No. Serial No.

About this manual
The instructions in this manual are for the CFD-S28 and CFD-S38. Before you start reading, check your model number. The CFD-S38 is the model used for illustration purpose.

Introduction

Table of contents

Basic Operations

8 Playing a CD Listening to the radio Playing a tape

10 Recording on a tape

The CD Player
12 Using the display 13 Locating a specific point in a track 14 Playing tracks repeatedly (Repeat Play) 15 Playing tracks in random order (Shuffle Play) 16 Creating your own program (Program Play) 18 Enjoying sound effects (LOOP/FLASH)

The Timer

21 Setting the clock 22 Waking up to music 24 Falling asleep to music

Setting Up

25 Choosing the power sources 27 Selecting the audio emphasis (Sound Mode/MEGA BASS)

Additional Information

34 Precautions Troubleshooting Maintenance Specifications Index

The Radio

19 Presetting radio stations 20 Playing preset radio stations

Playing a CD

Connect the supplied AC power cord (see page 25).

PUSH OPEN/CLOSE

Press 6 PUSH OPEN/CLOSE down to open the CD compartment and place the CD on the CD compartment.

With the label side up

Close the lid of the CD compartment.
Press ^. The player turns on (direct power-on) and plays all the tracks once.

Display

Track number

Playing time

Use these buttons for additional operations
6 PUSH OPEN/CLOSE ^ VOLUME +, p =,+
Tip Next time you want to listen to a CD, just press ^. The player turns on automatically and starts playing the CD.
To adjust the volume stop playback pause playback
Press VOLUME +, (VOL +, on the remote, CFD-S38 only) p ^ (P on the remote, CFD-S38 only) Press the button again to resume play after pause. + = 6 PUSH OPEN/CLOSE POWER
go to the next track go back to the previous track remove the CD turn on/off the player

Listening to the radio

PRESET
Press RADIO BAND until the band you want appears in the display (direct power-on).

TIME SET

Hold down TIME SETTUNE + or (TUNE + or on the remote, CFD-S38 only) until the frequency digits begin to change in the display. The player automatically scans the radio frequencies and stops when it finds a clear station. If you can't tune in a station, press the button repeatedly to change the frequency step by step.
Indicates an FM stereo broadcast
POWER VOLUME +, PLAY MODE MONO/ST
Tips If the FM broadcast is noisy, press PLAY MODE MONO/ST until Mono appears in the display and the radio will play in monaural. Next time you want to listen to the radio, just press RADIO BAND. The player turns on automatically and starts playing the previous station.
To adjust the volume turn on/off the radio
Press VOLUME +, (VOL +, on the remote, CFD-S38 only) POWER
To improve broadcast reception Reorient the antenna for FM. Reorient the player itself for AM.

for FM

for AM

Playing a tape

STOP/EJECT
Press p6 to open the tape compartment and insert a recorded tape. Use TYPE I (normal) tape only. Close the compartment.
With the side you want to play facing upward
Press (. The player turns on (direct power-on) and starts playing.

) p6 P VOLUME +, POWER

Tip Next time you want to listen to a tape, just press (. The player turns on automatically and starts playing the tape.

To adjust the volume

Press VOLUME +, (VOL +, on the remote, CFD-S38 only) p6 ) or 0 P Press the button again to resume play after pause. p6 POWER

stop playback fast-forward or rewind the tape pause playback
eject the cassette turn on/off the player

Recording on a tape

Press p6 to open the tape compartment and insert a blank tape. Use TYPE I (normal) tape only.
With the side you want to record on facing upward
Select the program source you want to record. To record from the CD player, insert a CD (see page 4) and press p on the CD section.
To record from the radio, tune in the station you want (see page 6).
Press r to start recording (( is depressed automatically).

p6 P POWER FUNCTION

Tips Adjusting the volume or the audio emphasis (see page 27) will not affect the recording level. For the best results, use the AC power as a power source. To erase a recording, proceed as follows: 1 Insert the tape whose recording you want to erase. 2 Press FUNCTION to select TAPE. 3 Press r.
To stop recording pause recording
Press p6 P Press the button again to resume recording. POWER

turn on/off the player

Using the display
You can check information about the CD using the display.

DISPLAY ENT MEMORY

Checking the total track number and playing time
Press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY in stop mode. If the CD has more than 12 tracks, OVER 12 appears in the display.
Total playing time Total track number Music calendar
Checking the remaining time
Press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY while playing a CD. The track numbers in the music calendar disappear after they are played.
To display the current track number and the remaining time on the current track* the number of tracks left and remaining time on the CD the current track number and playing time Press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY once

twice three times

* For a track whose number is more than 20, the remaining time appears as :.
Locating a specific point in a track
You can quickly find a specific point in a track while playing a CD. You can also locate any track using the number buttons on the remote (CFD-S38 only).
Note CFD-S38 only: You cannot locate a specific track if SHUF or PGM is lit in the display. Turn off the indication by pressing p. Tip CFD-S38 only: When you locate a track numbered over 10, press >10 first, then the corresponding number buttons. Example: To play track number 23, press >10 first, then 2 and 3.

To locate a point while listening to the sound
Press + (forward) or = (backward) while playing and hold down until you find the point + (forward) or = (backward) in pause and hold down until you find the point the number button of the track on the remote
a point while observing the display
a specific track directly (CFD-S38 only)
Playing tracks repeatedly

(Repeat Play)

You can play tracks repeatedly in normal, shuffle or program play modes (see page 16).
PLAY MODE MONO/ST ^ p =,+
On the remote (CFD-S38 only) 1 Press p. 2 Press MODE until the repeat mode you want appears in the display. 3 Do either of the following to start repeat play: When youve selected REP 1, select the track by pressing the number button. When youve selected REP ALL or SHUF REP, press (. When youve selected PGM REP, program tracks (see step 3 on page 16), then press
Press p. Cd appears in the display. Proceed as follows.
To repeat a single track Do this 1 Press PLAY MODE MONO/ST until REP 1 appears. 2 Press = or + to select the track that you want to repeat. 3 Press ^. 1 Press PLAY MODE MONO/ST until REP ALL appears. 2 Press ^. 1 Press PLAY MODE MONO/ST until SHUF REP appears. 2 Press ^. 1 Press PLAY MODE MONO/ST until PGM REP appears. 2 Program tracks (see step 3 on page 16). 3 Press ^.

all the tracks

tracks in random order

programmed tracks

To cancel Repeat Play Press PLAY MODEMONO/ST until REP disappears from the display.
Playing tracks in random order

(Shuffle Play)

PLAY MODE MONO/ST
You can play tracks in random order.
On the remote (CFD-S38 only) 1 Press p. 2 Press MODE until SHUF appears in the display. 3 Press (.
Press p. Cd appears in the display. Press PLAY MODEMONO/ST until SHUF appears in the display. Press ^ to start shuffle play.
To cancel Shuffle Play Press PLAY MODEMONO/ST until SHUF disappears from the display.
Creating your own program

(Program Play)

You can arrange the playing order of up to 20 tracks on a CD.
PLAY MODE MONO/ST DISPLAY ENT MEMORY =,+ p ^
On the remote (CFD-S38 only) 1 Press p. 2 Press MODE until PGM appears in the display. 3 Press the number buttons for the tracks you want to program in the order you want. 4 Press (.
Press p. Cd appears in the display. Press PLAY MODEMONO/ST until PGM flashes in the display. Press the = or + then press DISPLAY ENT MEMORY for the tracks you want to program in the order you want.

Programed track

Playing order
The programed tracks appear in the music calender.
Press ^ to start program play.
Tips You can play the same program again, since the program is saved until you open the CD compartment. You can record your own program. After youve created the program, insert a blank tape and press r to start recording.
To cancel Program Play Press PLAY MODEMONO/ST until PGM disappears from the display. To check the order of tracks before play Press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY. Every time you press the button, the track number appears in the programed order. To change the current program Press p once if the CD is stopped and twice if the CD is playing. The current program will be erased. Then create a new program following the programing procedure.
Enjoying sound effects (LOOP/FLASH)
You can repeat part of a CD (LOOP) and can flash the CD sound (FLASH) during playback.

LOOP AUTO PRESET FLASH

Play a CD. Press and hold LOOPAUTO PRESET or FLASH at the point you want to start the function.
To repeat a selected part of a CD flash the CD sound Press and hold LOOP AUTO PRESET FLASH
To cancel the LOOP or FLASH function
Release the button. The player returns to normal play.
Presetting radio stations
You can store radio stations into the players memory. You can preset up to 20 radio stations, 10 for each band in any order.
RADIO BAND DISPLAY ENT MEMORY LOOP AUTO PRESET PRESET +,
Press RADIO BAND until the band you want appears in the display. Hold down LOOPAUTO PRESET for 2 seconds until AUTO appears in the display. The stations are stored in memory from the lower frequencies to the higher ones.
On the remote (CFD-S38 only) 1 Press BAND until the band you want appears in the display. 2 Tune in a station you want. 3 Hold down the number buttons that you want to preset the new station on for about 2 seconds.
If a station cannot be preset automatically You need to preset a station with a weak signal manually. 1 Press RADIO BAND to select the band. 2 Tune in a station you want. 3 Hold down DISPLAY ENTMEMORY for about 2 seconds. 4 Press PRESET + or until the preset number (1 to 10) you want for the station flashes in the music calender. 5 Press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY. The new station replaces the old one.
Playing preset radio stations
Once you've preset the stations, use the number buttons on the remote or PRESET +/ on the player to tune in to your favorite stations.

RADIO BAND

PRESET +,
On the remote (CFD-S38 only) 1 Press BAND to select the band. 2 Press the number buttons to tune in the stored station.
Press RADIO BAND to select the band. Press PRESET + or to tune in the stored station.

Setting the clock

- -:- - indication appears in the display until you set the clock.
CLOCK DISPLAY ENT MEMORY TIME SET TUNE +,
Tip The time display system: 12-hour system
Before you set the clock, connect the AC power cord (page 24).
Press CLOCK for 2 seconds until the hour digit flashes.
Press TIME SETTUNE + or until you set the current hour. Then press DISPLAY ENT MEMORY. The minute digits flash. Set the minutes by pressing TIME SETTUNE + or until the correct minute is displayed.
Press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY. The clock starts from 00 seconds.

Waking up to music

You can wake up to music or a radio program at a preset time. Make sure you have set the clock (Setting the clock on page 21).
STANDBY TIMER DISPLAY ENT MEMORY TIME SET TUNE +,
Before you begin, make sure the t (clock) indication is not lit in the display. If it is lit, press STANDBY.
Prepare the music source you want to play.
To play the radio a CD Do this Tune in a station Insert a CD
Press TIMER. The t (clock) and the music source (Cd or RAdIO) flash. Select the music source (Cd or RAdIO) by pressing TIME SETTUNE + or , then DISPLAY ENTMEMORY. Set the timer to the hour you want the music to start by pressing TIME SETTUNE + or , then DISPLAY ENTMEMORY.
Set the minutes, then press DISPLAY ENT MEMORY.
Set the timer to the hour and the minutes you want the music to go off. (Do as step 4.)
Press TIME SETTUNE + or to set the volume, then DISPLAY ENTMEMORY.
Tips To exit the standby mode, press STANDBY to make t disappear from the display. The preset settings remain until you reset them.
Press STANDBY. The t indication lights up and the power goes off.
At the preset time, the power will go on, and the music will play. Then the power will go off at the preset time, and the player will enter into the standby mode. To check/change when the playback will start Press TIMER, then DISPLAY ENTMEMORY. Each time you press DISPLAY ENTMEMORY, a stored setting is displayed in the set order. To change the setting, display the setting you want to change and reenter it. To use the player before a timer playback starts Just turn on the player, and then you can use it. If you turn off the player before the preset time, timer playback will start at the preset time. In case of the radio, however, if you listen to the station which is different from the one you tuned in in step 1 on page 22, you will hear that station at the preset time. Make sure to tune in the station you want to listen to before you turn off the player. To stop play Press POWER to turn off the power.

Falling asleep to music

You can set the player to turn off automatically after 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, allowing you to fall asleep while listening to music.
Tip You can fall asleep and wake up to different music. Set the waking up timer first (see page 22), turn on the power, and then set the sleeping timer. However, you cannot store different radio stations. Note When you are playing a tape using this function: If the tape length of one side is longer than the set time, the player will not go off until the tape reaches the end.
Play the music source you want. Press SLEEP to display SLEEP. Press SLEEP to select the minutes until the player goes off automatically. Each time you press the button, the indication changes as follows: 60 n 90 n 120 n no indication n 10 n 20 n 30.
To cancel the sleep function Press POWER to turn off the power.
Choosing the power sources
You can use the AC power or batteries as a power source.
AC IN 14 Battery compartment

2 to a wall outlet

1 Inserting the back-up batteries
Insert four size AA (R6) batteries (not supplied) into the battery compartment. These batteries work to save the memory data.
Replacing batteries Take out the batteries as illustrated.
2 Connecting the AC power cord
Insert one end of the supplied AC power cord to the AC IN socket located at the rear of the player, and the other end to the wall outlet.

continued

Choosing the power sources (continued)
3 Inserting batteries into the remote (CFD-S38 only)
Insert two size AA (R6) batteries (not supplied)
Replacing batteries With normal use, the batteries should last for about six months. When the remote no longer operates the player, replace all the batteries with new ones.
Note CFD-S38 only: When you operate the player on batteries, you cannot turn on the player using the remote. Tip Replace the batteries when the OPR/BATT indicator dims or when the player stops operating. Replace all the batteries with new ones. Before you replace the batteries, be sure to take out the CD from the player.
4 Using the player on batteries
Insert six size D (R20) batteries (not supplied) into the battery compartment. To use the player on batteries, disconnect the AC power cord from the player.

Selecting the audio emphasis

(Sound Mode/MEGA BASS)

MEGA BASS
You can adjust the audio emphasis of the sound you are listening to.
On the remote (CFD-S38 only) Press SOUND repeatedly to select the audio emphasis you want.
Selecting the sound characteristic
Press SOUND repeatedly to select the audio emphasis you want.
Choose ROCK POP LIVE VOCAL OFF To get powerful, clean sounds, emphasizing low and high range audio light, bright sounds emphasizing high and middle range audio percussive sounds, emphasizing bass audio the presence of vocals, stressing middle range audio the whole dynamic range for music such as classical music
Reinforcing the bass sound Press MEGA BASS. MEGA BASS appears in the display. To return to normal sound, press the button again.

Precautions

On safety As the laser beam used in the CD player section is harmful to the eyes, do not attempt to disassemble the casing. Refer servicing to qualified personnel only. Should any solid object or liquid fall into the player, unplug the player, and have it checked by qualified personnel before operating it any further. On power sources For AC operation, use the supplied AC power cord; do not use any other type. The player is not disconnected from the AC power source (mains) as long as it is connected to the wall outlet, even if the player itself has been turned off. Unplug the player from the wall outlet when it is not to be used for an extended period of time. For battery operation, use six size D (R20) batteries. When the batteries are not to be used, remove them to avoid damage that can be caused by battery leakage or corrosion. The nameplate indicating operating voltage, power consumption, etc. is located at the bottom. On placement Do not leave the player in a location near heat sources, or in a place subject to direct sunlight, excessive dust or mechanical shock. Do not place the player on an inclined or unstable place. Do not place anything within 10 mm of the side of the cabinet. The ventilation holes must be unobstructed for the player to operate properly and prolong the life of its components. If the player is left in a car parked in the sun, be sure to choose a location in the car where the player will not be subjected to the direct rays of the sun. Since a strong magnet is used for the speakers, keep personal credit cards using magnetic coding or springwound watches away from the player to prevent possible damage from the magnet. On operation If the player is brought directly from a cold to a warm location, or is placed in a very damp room, moisture may condense on the lens inside the CD player section. Should this occur, the player will not operate properly. In this case, remove the CD and wait about an hour for the moisture to evaporate. If the player has not been used for a long time, set it in the playback mode to warm it up for a few minutes before inserting a cassette. If you have any questions or problems concerning your player, please consult your nearest Sony dealer.

Notes on CDs Before playing, clean the CD with a cleaning cloth. Wipe the CD from the center out.
Notes on cassettes Break off the cassette tab from side A or B to prevent accidental recording. If you want to reuse the tape for recording, cover the broken tab with adhesive tape.

Side A

Do not use solvents such as benzine, thinner, commercially available cleaners or anti-static spray intended for vinyl LPs. Do not expose the CD to direct sunlight or heat sources such as hot air ducts, nor leave it in a car parked in direct sunlight as there can be a considerable rise in temperature inside the car. Do not stick paper or sticker on the CD, nor scratch the surface of the CD. After playing, store the CD in its case. If there is a scratch, dirt or fingerprints on the CD, it may cause tracking error.

Tab for side B

Tab for side A
The use of a cassette with more than 90 minutes of play time is not recommended except for long, continuous recording or playback.

Troubleshooting

Symptom The power is not on. Remedy Connect the AC power cord to a wall outlet securely. Make sure the batteries are inserted correctly. You cannot turn on the player with the remote when you operate the player on batteries (CFDS38 only). There is no audio. Make sure the function you want to use appears in the display window. Adjust the volume. Unplug the headphones when listening through speakers. no disc lights in the display even when a CD is in place. The CD does not play. Insert the CD with the label surface up. Make sure that the CD compartment is closed. Place the CD with the label surface up. Clean the CD.

CD Player

General
Take out the CD and leave the CD compartment open for about an hour to dry moisture condensation. Make sure Cd appears in the display. The sound drops out. Reduce the volume. Clean the CD, or replace it if the CD is badly damaged Place the player in a location free from vibration. The audio is weak or has poor quality. Replace all the batteries with new ones if they are weak. Move the player away from the TV. If you are using the remote while listening to AM radio, noise may be heard. This is unavoidable. The picture of your TV becomes unstable. If you are listening to an FM program near the TV with an indoor antenna, move the player away from the TV.
Symptom The tape does not move when you press an operation button. The REC r button does not function/The tape does not play. The tape does not erase completely.
Remedy Close the tape compartment securely. Make sure the safety tab on the cassette is in place. Make sure TAPE appears in the display. Clean the erasing head (see page 32). Replace all the batteries with new ones if they are weak.

Tape Player

The source which was recorded on TYPE II (high position) or TYPE IV (metal) tape using this unit is being played. Record on TYPE I (normal) tape and play. The tape does not record. Make sure the tape is inserted properly. Make sure the safety tab of the cassette is in place. The audio is weak/The audio quality is poor. Clean the heads, pinch roller and capstan (see page 32). Demagnetize the heads using a demagnetizer (see page 32). The sound is distorted. The TYPE II (high position) or TYPE IV (metal) tape is being used. Use TYPE I (normal) tape only. Make sure the time on the clock is correct. Check to see if the AC power had been cut off. Make sure the t (clock) indication is displayed. The remote does not function. Replace all the batteries in the remote with new ones if they are weak. Make sure that you are pointing the remote at the remote sensor on the player. Remove any obstacles in the path of the remote and the player. Make sure the remote sensor is not exposed to strong light such as direct sunlight or fluorescent lamp light. Move closer to the player when using the remote.

After trying the above remedies, if you still have problems, unplug the AC power cord and remove all the batteries. After all the indications in the display disappear, plug the power cord and insert the batteries again. If the problem persists, please consult your nearest Sony dealer.

Remote (CFD-S38 only)

The timer does not operate.

Maintenance

Cleaning the lens If the lens becomes dirty, it may cause a skipping of sound during CD operation. Clean with a commercially available blower. Cleaning the tape heads and tape path Wipe the heads, the pinch roller and the capstan with a cleaning swab slightly moistened with cleaning fluid or alcohol after every 10 hours of operation for optimum playback and recording quality. To make the best possible recording, however, we recommend that you clean all surfaces over which tape travels before each recording.
Record/playback head Capstan
Demagnetizing the tape heads After 20 to 30 hours of use, enough residual magnetism will have built up on the tape heads to begin to cause loss of high frequency sound and hiss. At this time, you should demagnetize the heads and all metal parts in the tape path with a commercially available tape head demagnetizer. Cleaning the cabinet Clean the cabinet, panel and controls with a soft cloth slightly moistened with a mild detergent solution. Do not use any type of abrasive pad, scouring powder, or solvent, such as alcohol or benzine.

Erase head

Pinch roller
After cleaning, insert a tape when the areas cleaned are completely dry.

Specifications

AUDIO POWER SPECIFICATIONS POWER OUTPUT AND TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION With 6-ohm loads, both channels driven from 100 - 10,000 Hz; rated 4 W per channelminimum RMS power, with no more than 10 % total harmonic distortion in AC operation. General
Speaker Full range: 10 cm (4 in.) dia., 6 ohms, cone type (2) Outputs Headphones jack (stereo minijack) For 16 - 68 ohms impedance headphones Power output (except US model) 4.5 W + 4.5 W (at 6 ohms, 10 % harmonic distortion) Power requirements For CD radio cassette-corder: 120 V AC, 60 Hz 9 V DC, 6 size D (R20) batteries For memory back-up: 6 V DC, 4 size AA (R6) batteries For remote control (CFD-S38 only): 3 V DC, 2 size AA (R6) batteries Power consumption AC 25 W Battery life For CD radio cassette-corder: FM recording Sony R20P: approx. 3.5 h Sony alkaline LR20: approx. 10 h Tape playback Sony R20P: approx. 1.5 h Sony alkaline LR20: approx. 5 h CD playback Sony R20P: approx. 1 h Sony alkaline LR20: approx. 4 h Aerials FM: Telescopic aerial AM: Built-in ferrite bar aerial Dimensions Approx. 262 mm (w/h/d) (inches) (incl. projecting parts) Mass Approx. 4.7 kg (10 lb. 6 oz) (incl. batteries) Supplied accessories AC power cord (1) Remote control (1) (CFD-S38 only) Design and specifications are subject to change without notice.

Other Specifications

CD player section
System Compact disc digital audio system Laser diode properties Material: GaAlAs Wave length: 780 nm Emission duration: Continuous Laser output: Less than 44.6 W (This output is the value measured at a distance of about 200 mm from the objective lens surface on the optical pick-up block with 7 mm aperture.) Spindle speed 200 r/min (rpm) to 500 r/min (rpm) (CLV) Number of channels 2 Frequency response 20 - 20,000 Hz +1/2 dB Wow and flutter Below measurable limit

Radio section

Frequency range FM: 87.6 - 108 MHz AM: 530 - 1,710 kHz

Cassette-corder section

Recording system 4-track 2 channel stereo Fast winding time Approx. 120 sec. with Sony cassette C-60 Frequency response TYPE I (normal): 70 - 13,000 Hz

Optional accessories

Sony MDR headphones series

Audio emphasis 27

I, J, K
Improving broadcast reception 7
Selecting audio emphasis 27 tracks 5 Setting the clock 21 Setting up 25 Shuffle Play 15 SOUND 27
Batteries for player 26 memory back-up 25 for remote 26
Listening to the radio 6 Locating a specific point 13 LOOP 18
CD player 12 Choosing power sources 25 Cleaning cabinet 32 tape heads and tape path 32 Connecting AC power cord 25 Creating your own program 16

M, N, O

MEGA BASS 27
Timer Falling asleep to music 24 Waking up to music 22 Troubleshooting 30
Playing a CD 4 a tape 8 preset radio stations 20 tracks repeatedly 14 Power sources 25 Presetting radio stations 19 Program Play 16

U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Using the display 12
Demagnetizing the tape heads 32 Display 12
Radio stations playing 20 presetting 19 Recording on a tape 10 Repeat Play 14

F, G, H

FLASH 18
Sony Corporation Printed in China

FM Broadcast Receiver Performance
in the proximity of Stations on second adjacent channels
Prepared at the request of Claudio Lisman
By John L. Theimer President
Wireless Spectrum Resources, Inc.
INTRODUCTION This report is in response to the recent Notice of Proposed Rule Making(NPRM) MM Docket No. 99-25, adopted by the Federal Communications Commission(FCC) proposing to create three classes of low power radio service, which will operate in the existing FM radio band. One of the primary concerns that the FCC has expressed is interference to existing FM broadcast stations from the introduction of additional low power stations on frequencies as close as two(400 KHz) and three(600 Khz) channels from an existing station. Wireless Spectrum Resources, Inc.(WSRI) was requested by Claudio Lisman to conduct a investigation into what would happen if stations were located only two channels apart. The plan was to observe the performance of various consumer type of receivers when subjected to the different combinations of signal strength levels from stations on second adjacent channels. It was felt that the second adjacent channel performance tests would present a worst case situation. The only requirement imposed on the selection of the receivers was that it had digital tuning to eliminate any error in tuning the receiver to the subject stations. The three receivers used in this project, the Sony 2010 was considered a older type of FM receiver, the Toyota 4Runner receiver was considered a typical vehicle receiver and the Sony CFD-S38 was purchased as a representative of the receivers currently on the market. PROCEDURE The Miami market contains a unique FM station(WAEM), which is being used by the State of Florida and Miami-Dade County to provide information to foreign visitors who will be traveling around the Miami-Dade county area in rental vehicles. This station is located in the downtown area of the City of Miami and licensed to transmit with a Effective Radiated Power(ERP) of 25 watts at 100 Meters height above average terrain(HAAT) on a frequency of 102.3 MHz. Adjacent to this frequency is station WKLG at 102.1 MHz. at Rock Harbor approximately 50.3 miles from WAEM and on the second adjacent frequency of 102.7 MHz. is WMJX which is approximately 12.7 miles from WAEM. WKLG is a class C-2 station licensed for 50 KW ERP at 131 meters HAAT and WMJX is a class C station licensed for 100 KW ERP at 330 meters HAAT. With WAEM adjacent to one station and two channels from another it was assumed that this would provide a good test situation for investigating second and third channel protections. The goal of the investigation was to subject different consumer type of receivers to various signal strength level combinations from the stations involved and observe their performance. To obtain an idea of what field strengths were involved, signal strength measurements from the involved stations were made with a Potomac FIM-71 signal strength meter. After making several measurements it was discovered that this scenario was not going to provide much data as the class C station was over loading the Potomac meter input and preventing
measurements of WEAM signal strength. Also the signal of the adjacent channel station was weak enough to also be overloaded by the stronger local signals 3 channels away. What did come out of this exercise was the realization of how FM broadcast receivers preformed in various signal level environments. One receiver, purchased new for this investigation was found to have very poor selectivity and was easily overloaded by nearby strong stations. The best receiver was located in the investigator=s vehicle, a 1996 Toyota 4-Runner. At many sites where both other receivers failed, the 4-Runner receiver was able to receive WEAM with full quieting. (See Equipment list for description of receivers used.) Since this scenario was not working out as planned, a review of the local market was conducted to determine if there were any stations located only two channels apart. Such a situation existed between station WAFG licensed at 90.3 MHz with a ERP of 3 KW at a HAAT of 85 meters licensed to Pompano Beach, Fl. and WXEL which is licensed at 90.7 MHz with a ERP of 25 KW at a HAAT of 107 meters licensed to Boynton Beach, Fl. approximately 27.39 miles from WAFG. ( See attached map for exact locations of transmitters.) Measurements were made at 18 random locations over a two day period. The latitude and longitude of each location was recorded using a GPS receiver so it could be plotted later on a map. At least three measurements using the FIM-71 were made at each location and averaged together to eliminate any local reflections ect. that might affect the measurements. All measurements were made at 7 feet above the ground and then corrected using the antenna factor supplied with the FIM-71 meter. Measurement locations selected were usually in open fields with no overhead power lines, nearby large buildings or trees. Once the measurements were made with the FIM-71, each portable receiver was walked around the area where the measurements had been made. The vertical antennas for the portable receivers was extended to its full length. The receiver performance was judged as it was walked around the area while being tuned to each station. The vehicle receiver was tuned to each station while parked and its performance was noted. The results of these test are contained in the attached map, charts and graphs. A second test was conducted to find out how a good receiver when tuned to a station two channels away would respond when situated in close proximity to a low power station. Using the receiver in the 4-runner, the vehicle was driven in the approximate directions of north, south, west and east from the lower power station WAFG while tuned to WXEL. Once the receiver received a clear WXEL signal, the location was noted and later mapped as shown in the attached map 2. CONCLUSION After the data was collected, locations were plotted on mapping software, distance from each station was calculated, then signal strength measurements were graphed based on distance from the transmitter and compared with the performance for each receiver used. (See Map of Measurement Locations for Study, Data lists & Graphs )

. From the data collected, it is clear that the full power stations have little to worry about from the low power stations. Receiver selectivity makes a big difference in how much the second adjacent stations interfere with each other.(See Graphs) In the scenario presented, the low power station was assumed to be operating at its licensed power of 3KW ERP and the higher power station was operating at 25KW ERP, approximately 1:10 ratio, when applied to the proposed rule making, this could become a 1:100 ratio.(1KW ERP vs 100 KW ERP) thus the differences found in this report would be much more pronounced and the interference to the full power station will be much less. From the measurements conducted, most of the time the full power station was received without any interference even when within a couple of miles of the low power station. Only when within 1 mile of the low power station did a good receiver suffer from overload and was not able to receive the stronger station.(See Map 2) Hopefully when the Inband Digital Transmission Systems are implemented, the receivers will have a very good selectivity for receiving the appropriate station. It will be to the LPFM applicants advantage to locate their stations as far as possible from a full power station on the second or third adjacent channel to maximize the LPFM station=s coverage area. Thus based on the results presented here, the Federal Communications Commission can eliminate the current and proposed protection of full power FM stations from the operation of LPFM stations on second and third adjacent channels.
MEASUREMENTS ON 90.3 MHz DISTANCE FROM STATION VS SIGNAL STRENGTH
DISTANCE (bearing) 1.78(17.57) 2.68(184.8) 3.4(83.8) 4.74(66.33) 6.28(131.2) 7.3(146.4) 7.31(187.6) 8.62(121.4) 9.6(134.2) 10.11(189.8) 10.31(152.2) 10.83(124.5) 11.42(180.6) 15.5(170.9) 16.92(188.4) 17.91(164) 24.18(168.7)
(All values in uv/meter) AVERAGE CORRECTEDRECEIVERS MEAS. VAL. VAL. 10057.5 G G 2566.6 5774.85 G 586.G 673.3 1514.9 G G G 233.3 524.9 G G 240 540.0 G G 183.3 412.4 G 183.3 412.4 G 76.6 172.3 N 32.3 72.6 G 68.3 153.7 S NOT MEAS. S
2 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G F
3 G G G G G G G F F N G S F S NS NS NH

Receiver Notes: G- Good Reception, F - Fair Reception, N - Noisy Reception, S - Spotty Reception, NS - Noisy and Spotty Reception, NH- Not Heard.
MEASUREMENTS OF 90.7 MHz DISTANCE FROM STATION vs SIGNAL STRENGTH (All measurements in uv/meter) AVG. CORRECTEDReceivers MEAS. VAL. VAL. 25875 G G 1183.3 2662.4 G 476.6 1072.4 G G 246 553.5 G G 186.G 176.6 397.4 G G G G 86.6 194.9 G 74.3 167.2 G NOT MEAS. NS 48.3 108.7 S NOT MEAS S
DISTANCE (Bearing) 2.3(247.9) 5.96(340.1) 8.72(328.8) 11.23(302.8) 13.42(328.2) 13.87(351) 15.51(326) 16.12(359.7) 16.8(6.62) 16.97(350.1) 17.47(333) 18.32(1.17) 18.8(353.1) 21.4(340.4) 23.46(351.2) 24.86(353.9) 25.35(345.3)
2 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G
3 G G G G G G G G G G G G F NS S NS S
Receiver Notes: G- Good Reception, F - Fair Reception, S - Spotty Reception, NS - Noisy and Spotty Reception

EQUIPMENT USED IN STUD

RECEIVER 1 - Sony model ICF-2010 approximately 10 years old.
RECEIVER 2 - Toyota 4-Runner Vehicle Receiver Model 51706 Purchased in June 1996.
Receiver 3 - Sony model CFD-S38 Purchased for this project in April 1999
FIELD STRENGTH METER - Potomac model FIM-71 Serial Number 738R Calibrated May 13, 1999
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER - Garmin model GPS-II Approximately 3 year old.

Mass Media Bureau

Audio Services Division
WAFG FORT LAUDERDALE FL US 212A 90.3 MHz BLED1278 License Service Class : Full Service FM Station or Application N Lat W Lon 6 45
Not near the border. HERP 3.00 kW 86.0 m VERP 3.00 kW 86.0 m Non directional No beam tilt HHAAT: VHAAT: 85.0 m 85.0 m HRCAMSL: VRCAMSL: 88.0 m 88.0 m HRCAGL: VRCAGL:
Plot Site on U.S. Census Tiger Map
Use Browser Back Arrow to return to FM Query.
If you have any corrections to the engineering database or you have discovered an error in the database, please contact Ms. Kim P. Nguyen at 202-418-2700 or send Kim, kpnguyen@fcc.gov an E-mail. If you have any suggestions about this page please, send your comments to William Ball. wball@fcc.gov
WXEL WEST PALM BEACH FL US 214C1 90.7 MHz BPED990210MB APP Service Class : Full Service FM Station or Application N Lat W Lon 14 32
Not near the border. HERP 50.00 kW 269.0 m VERP 50.00 kW 269.0 m HHAAT: VHAAT: 274.0 m 274.0 m HRCAMSL: VRCAMSL: 274.0 m 274.0 m HRCAGL: VRCAGL:
Directional Antenna Make: ODD Model: ODD990210MB No beam tilt Plot Site on U.S. Census Tiger Map
JOHN L. THEIMER Graduated from the University of South Florida in 1969 with a B.S.E.E. Joined the Federal Communications Commission at the Tampa, Fl. Field Office as a staff engineer. During the next 27 years he served in many positions in the Commission=s field organization including Engineer-In-Charge of the Commission=s Buffalo, NY Field Office from 1975 to 1980 and Miami, Fl. Field Office from 1980 until he retired in 1996. Mr Theimer has extensive knowledge in the application of the Federal Communications Commission=s Rules and Regulations and has participated in the resolution of many interference cases over the 27 years of his career. Mr. Theimer is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the Society of Broadcast Engineers.