2011 training Guide

Cyber-shot Digital Still Cameras

Features & Benefits

Image3 CMOS Sensors Sweep Panorama 3d Features Features to get the best shot Full Hd Movie Mode Lens Image Stabilization display GPS & Compass / USB Charging / In-Camera Guide Waterproof, dustproof, shockproof, freeze-proof Post-shooting Solutions

Features & Benefi ts

H-Series T-Series W-Series

Product Guide

W-Series t-Series H-Series 48
Add to your photo experience

Accessories

Glossary
Glossary & Reference Tables
Glossary Reference tables 66 70

Reference Tables

A new decade. A new definition of exceptional digital photography.
At Sony, we believe that anything you can imagine, we can make real. In the world of digital photography, we believe that the power of imaging will inspire you through the breathtaking images you capture. Weve developed our 2011 Cyber-shot digital camera line to drive your creativity beyond imagination, featuring innovative new features and breakthrough technologies. We make it easy to get the best shot, whether its 3D shots, ultra wide panoramas, low-light situations, fast 10fps action or HD movie the 2011 line-up is designed to let photographers at every experience level capture better, more professional-looking shots.

dSC-F1

dSC-WX9

MVC-Fd7

dSC-HX5V

MVC-Fd91

dSC-F505
DEFINING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR OVER 15 YEARS
Sony Digital Still Cameras:

dSC-HX1

dSC-t700

dSC-P1

2001 2002

2004 2005

dSC-W200

dSC-F707

dSC-H5 MVC-Cd400 dSC-R1

dSC-F828

dSC-P200

FEATURES & BENEFITS

Sony develops all of the key components used in its digital cameras, including the lenses, image sensors and imaging processors. Since the pre-digital era, weve leveraged our accumulated experience in imaging technology to become a leading manufacturer of devices for both amateurs and professionals.

SENSOR

PROCESSOR LENS

Carl Zeiss and G Lenses

Sony employs premium-quality Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar lenses and the exclusive G lenses in select Cyber-shot digital cameras. These lenses complement the high-quality imaging technologies of the BIONZ Imaging Processor and Exmor R CMOS sensor, allowing for powerful zoom, wide field of view, and sharp images.

Exmor R CMOS Sensor

Experience stunning low-light sensitivity with improved image clarity and drastically reduced grain with the newly developed, back-illuminated Exmor R CMOS sensor. Designed for compact cameras and camcorders, the Exmor R CMOS sensor relocates the photo diodes above the support circuitry, maximizing the light-gathering area per pixel so you can capture better-looking images in lower lighting conditions.

BIONZ Processor

The most powerful processor Sony has ever built into a digital camera. Originally featured in our awardwinning DSLR camera line, the BIONZ processor is now featured in most Cyber-shot W, T and H-Series digital cameras. It not only performs the usual image processing functions, but offers an entirely new standard of image possibilities, including HD Movie capture and playback, Face Detection technology, Dynamic Range Optimization, high-speed burst mode, image layering, in-camera HDR and Background Defocus.
At Sony, we believe that images have the power to capture that perfect moment. We believe an image should have the power to evoke an emotion or spark a fond memory. Thats why we make cameras with our unique technology with the power of imaging that helps you get the best shot. By combining our own lens, sensor and processor technologies, Cyber-shot digital cameras deliver superb video quality, fast response and advanced features that capture the world like no other camera can, the way you see it. Experience the power of imaging for yourself.

CMOS Sensors

the CMOS Sensor Advantage
Sonys CMOS sensors convert light to digital signals using Sonys original on the chip Column A/D Conversion which aids in delivering images of superb quality with extremely low noise and high speed.

When you choose Intelligent Auto mode, advanced Intelligent Scene Recognition is activated. The camera recognizes up to 33 kinds of scenes for still image shooting and up to 44 kinds of scenes* for movie shooting, optimizing camera settings. Since an icon blinks at the top-left corner of screen when the camera recognizes a type of scene, users can tell immediately at a glance that Intelligent Scene Recognition is active.

Exposed only for subject

Without Mechanical Shutter
Using Superior Auto mode both subject and background are properly exposed With Mechanical Shutter
Note: Advanced mode of Intelligent Scene Recognition can be selected from the menu.

Full Hd Movie Mode

Full Hd: 1920x1080/60p
DSC-TX100V, HX9V and HX100V Full HD image quality of 1920x1080/60p. Since it features progressive HD movie capability unlike conventional interlacing, every frame is full HD resolution 1920x1080 frame size. This enables quick capture of sports action and animals in motion as ultra-precise and smooth movie images. Thanks to the 60p frame rate, still images of crucial moments can be extracted from movie footage while maintaining full HD image precision. x 1920 x 1280 x 640

Active Mode

DSC-WX10, H70, HX7V, HX9V, HX100V Optical SteadyShot image stabilization with Active Mode is now more advanced than ever! In addition to existing ability to correct camera shake in vertical and horizontal directions, the camera realizes camera shake correction in a third direction, thanks to new correction for rolling motion. An exclusively designed gyro sensor detects rolling camera motion and helps correct blur caused by camera shake. Now, you can shoot steady, easy-to-watch movies even with single-handed shooting while walking!

dual Record

DSC-WX9, WX10, TX10, TX100V, HX7V, HX9V, HX100V Dual record enables you to capture still images while shooting a movie. Just press the shutter button to take up to 10 still photos, whenever you want! Thanks to BIONZ, Sonys high-quality, super-high-speed image processing and Dual Rec, you can take movies and still images at once. So youll never again have to choose between taking a great movie and capturing a great photo!
Click Shutter Button to capture a digital still photo while recording. Press MOVIE to begin recording.
AVCHd for tV: 1920x1080/60i
DSC-WX9, WX10, TX10, TX100V, HX7V, HX9V, HX100V Ideal for playback on HDTV, the AVCHD format captures a high degree of detail and smooth movement.7 Record AVCHD movies up to 1920x1080 at 60i. Video clips can be played back directly from the camera, or can be transferred to DVD or Blu-ray Disc media.12 They can then be played back on HDTVs via compatible Blu-ray Disc players, PlayStation3 consoles and compatible PCs.
MP4 for PC: 720p / 480p; Motion JPEG
Motion JPEG: DSC-W510, W530 720p / 480p: DSC-W560, W570, T110, H70 MP4 is ideal for enjoying and sharing HD movies on your PC, Mac computer or the Internet. Depending upon the camera model, you can record video up to 1280x720 or 640x480 at 30fps. An MP4 file is a compressed single file format, perfect for uploading to computers and Web sharing sites like YouTube. (Compatible computer with Internet connectivity required.)

SteadyShot image stabilization compensates for camera shake and helps prevent blur through use of digital processing technologies.

Intelligent Auto Mode

Unlike traditional auto mode, Intelligent Auto (iAuto) mode thinks for you, recognizing scenes, lighting conditions, faces, and adjusts settings resulting clear images, faces with natural skin tone and less blur. Take advantage of all the technology without leaving Auto mode. Kids on the playground, landscape shots, a beautiful flower or an indoor birthday party; all result in clear images without leaving auto mode.

SILVER

2.7 LCD

dSC-W530

Camera Type Image Device Effective Pixels Resolution Processor Lens Type Compact Point and Shoot 1/2.3 (7.79mm) Super HAD CCD 14.1MP Yes Carl Zeiss Vario Tessar 6 elements in 5 groups (including 3 aspheric elements) iAuto (F2.7/F8.0 (W), 2 steps with ND Filter) / Program Auto (F2.7/F8.0 (W), 2 steps with ND Filter) 4.7-18.8mm Still shots 16:9: 28-114mm / Still 4:3: 26-105mm / Movie 4:3: 26-105mm 4x Smart Zoom / Precision Digital Zoom / Off Approximately 8x with Precision Digital Zoom 2.7 Clear Photo LCD (230K dots) MS PRO Duo media / SD/SDHC media13 14M (4,320 x 3,240) / 10M (3,648 x 2,736) / 5M (2,592 x 1,944) / VGA (640 x 480); 16:9 / 11M (4,320 x 2,432) / 2M (1,920 x 1,080) VGA (640 x 480, 30fps, progressive) QVGA (320 x 240, 30fps, progressive) Mono / Mono 9 points AF / Center Weighted AF / Spot AF Yes iAuto (W: Approx. 4cm (1.6) to Infinity, T: Approx. 60cm (23.6) to Infinity) Multi Pattern / Center Weighted / Spot Plus / Minus 2.0EV, 1 / 3EV step Auto / 80 / 100 / 200 / 400 / 800 / 1600 / 3200 Standard / Off / Plus Auto / Daylight / Cloudy / Fluorescent 1 (White Fluorescent Lighting) / Fluorescent 2 (Natural White Fluorescent Lighting) / Fluorescent 3 (Day White Fluorescent Lighting) / Incandescent / Flash iAuto (2 - 1/1,600) / Program Auto (1 - 1/1,600) Normal / Burst (Approx. 1 fps at 14.1MP (Maximum 100 shots)) Built-In ISO Auto: Approx. 0.3-Approx. 3.5m (Approx. 0.98-Approx. 11.48) (W) / Approx. 0.6-Approx. 1.8m (Approx. 1.96-Approx. 5.91) (T), ISO3200: up to Approx. 7.1m (Approx. 23.3) (W) / Approx. 3.7m (Approx. 12.1) (T) Auto / On / Slow Syncro / Off
Lens Construction Aperture Range Focal Length 35mm Equivalency Optical Zoom Digital Zoom Total Zoom LCD Type Viewfinder
14.1MP | 4x OPTICAL ZOOM | 2.7 LCD
Shoot more life with the Sony dSC-W530. Capture landscapes with one touch using Sweep Panorama mode, get that perfect portrait with Smile Shutter technology, snap wider scenes with the 26mm wide angle lens, get high quality photos with 14.1 megapixels, automatically get clear shots with SteadyShot image stabilization and iAuto; all in a sleek little design.
High Sensitivity / Twilight / Twilight Portrait / Soft Snap / Landscape / Beach / Snow / Gourmet / Pet SteadyShot image stabilization Sweep Panorama (Horizontal up to 230 degrees Panorama / Vertical up to 163 degrees) Multi-shot layering Intelligent Auto Yes Intelligent Scene Recognition 7 scenes Face Detection 8 faces (Auto / Off ) Motion Detection Yes Blink Detection Smile Shutter Technology Yes Self-timer Off / 10sec. / 2sec. In-Camera Editing Trimming / Red Eye Correction TransferJet Technology Scene Modes Image Stabilization GPS Yes - USB 2.0 Hi-Speed Yes

Media Slot Still Images Video
Supplied Battery Lithium-ion NP-BN1 3.6V 125 Battery Life (Approx.)Number of Images (Approx.) 3/4 x 2 1/8 x 25/32 (92.9mm x 52.4mm x 19.3mm) Body: Approx. 3.4 oz. (97g), With battery and Memory Stick Duo: Approx. 4.0 oz. (113g) Picture Motion Browser Ver 5.5, PMB Portable 5.5 (for Windows), PMB Portable 1.3 (for Macintosh)1 PMB and PMB Portable: Microsoft Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7. PMB Portable also compatible with Macintosh OS X (v10.4 - 10.6) Limited 1 Year Parts & Labor InfoLITHIUM NP-BN1 BC-CSN Yes Yes Yes

Microphone / Speaker

Focus Intelligent Auto Focus Macro Mode
14.1 Megapixel Super HAd CCd Image Sensor
A powerful 14.1 megapixel 1/2.3 Super HAD CCD image sensor helps you capture gorgeous images with superb contrast and clarity down to the finest detail. With 14.1 megapixels, you can create stunning, photoquality prints up to A3+ (13x19) size, or crop your images and still come away with high resolution shots.
Reach beyond the traditional wide angle lens, and capture more breathtaking shots with Sweep Panorama mode. Simply press the shutter button and sweep the camera in the desired direction and the camera continuously shoots at a high speed, then seamlessly stitches the images together with automatic position adjustment to create one stunning panoramic image. Available in wide and ultra-wide options, the camera can take panoramic shots of up to 230 degrees. Now capturing wide landscapes is as easy as press and sweep.

Shutter

Shutter Speed
Smile Shutter technology VGA Movie capabilities Self-Portrait Timer makes self-portraits easy Face Priority and Red-eye Reduction functions DRO Standard and Plus recovers shadow detail in high contrast scenes iSCN detects 7 scene conditions and adjusts camera settings

Burst Mode

Flash Type Flash Effective Range

Flash Mode

1. PMB requires Microsoft Windows XP SP3/ Windows Vista SP2/Windows 7. Software not supported by Mac OS. Movie format is compatible with iMovie 09 or later versions. 13. When using movie mode Memory Stick PRO Duo with MARK2 (M2) logo, Memory Stick PRO-HG, or SD/SDHC (Class 4 or higher) media are recommended. 27. Actual results may vary based on product settings, usage patterns and environmental conditions. Battery capacity decreases over time and use.

Carl Zeiss Vario-tessar Lens with 26mm equivalent wide 4x Optical Zoom
The high-performance Carl Zeiss VarioTessar 4x optical zoom lens brings distant subjects closer for video recording as well as for outdoor, sports, and travel photos, and Close Focus shoots close-ups within a of the subject. A wide angle of 26mm equivalent wide-angle lens allows you to take wider shots of the scene or group in crowded spaces.
Unlike traditional auto mode, Intelligent Auto (iAuto) mode thinks for you, recognizing scenes, lighting conditions, faces, and adjusts settings resulting in clear images, faces with natural skin tone and less blur. Take advantage of all the technology without leaving Auto mode. Take a picture from a kid on the playground, to landscape shots, to a beautiful flower or an indoor birthday party. All clear images without leaving auto mode.
SILVER BLACK BLUE GREEN PINK 2.7 LCD

dSC-W560

Camera Type Image Device Effective Pixels Resolution Processor Lens Type Compact Point and Shoot 1/2.3 (7.76mm) Super HAD CCD 14.1MP BIONZ Carl Zeiss Vario Tessar 6 elements in 5 groups (including 3 aspheric elements) iAuto (F2.7/F8.0 (W), 2 steps with ND Filter) / Program Auto (F2.7/F8.0 (W), 2 steps with ND Filter) 4.7-18.8mm Still shots 16:9: 28-114mm / Still shots 4:3: 26-105mm / Movie 16:9: 30-122mm / Movie 4:3: 37-149mm 4x Smart Zoom / Precision Digital Zoom / Off Approximately 8x with Precision Digital Zoom 3.0 Clear Photo LCD (230K dots) MS PRO Duo media / SD/SDHC media 4:3 14M (4,320 x 3,240) / 10M (3,648 x 2,736) / 5M (2,592 x 1,944) / VGA (640 x 480); 16:9 / 11M (4,320 x 2,432) / 2M (1,920 x 1,080); Panorama 7,152 x 1,080 (268deg) / 4,912 x 1,080 (184deg) / 4,912 x 1,920 (184deg) / 3,424 x 1,920 (128deg) 1,280 x 720 (Fine) Approx. 9Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive 1,280 x 720 (Standard) Approx. 6Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive 640 x 480 (VGA) Approx. 3Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive Mono / Mono
14.1MP | 4x OPTICAL ZOOM | 3.0 LCD
Features and value all in a compact body with the Sony dSC-W560. View your images and 720p movies on the large 3 LCd and capture your shots up close with 4x optical zoom. Add more features like iAuto, Optical SteadyShot image stabilization, and Sweep Panorama mode and this camera will take terrific photos.
High Sensitivity / Twilight / Twilight Portrait / Soft Snap / Landscape / Beach / Snow / Underwater / Gourmet / Pet Image Stabilization Optical SteadyShot image stabilization GPS Sweep Panorama Panorama (Horizontal / Vertical up to 268-degrees) Multi-shot layering Intelligent Auto Yes Intelligent Scene Recognition 8 scenes Face Detection 8 faces (Auto / Off / Child Priority / Adult Priority) Motion Detection Yes Blink Detection Yes Smile Shutter Technology Yes Self-timer Off / 10sec. / 2sec./ portrait1 / portrait2 In-Camera Editing Trimming / Red Eye Correction / Unsharp Masking TransferJet Technology Scene Modes Yes - USB 2.0 Hi-Speed Component Yes

Reach beyond the traditional wide angle lens, and capture more breathtaking shots with Sweep Panorama mode. Simply press the shutter button and sweep the camera in the desired direction and the camera continuously shoots at a high speed, then seamlessly stitches the images together with automatic position adjustment to create one stunning panoramic image. Available in wide and ultra-wide options, the camera can take panoramic shots of up to 235 degrees. Now capturing wide landscapes is as easy as press and sweep.
2.7 (230K dots) Clear Photo LCD display features sharp, natural color that makes it easy to compose shots, read menus, and view photos, even in bright sunlight.
Soft Skin mode reduces visible blemishes, and wrinkles Natural Flash corrects color balance for lifelike shots Self-Portrait Timer makes self-portraits easy In camera guide steps you into your perfect shot Face Detection and Smile Shutter technologies Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar 5x (25mm) optical zoom lens Anti-blink, Face Priority and Red-eye Reduction functions
1. PMB requires Microsoft Windows XP SP3/ Windows Vista SP2/Windows 7. Software not supported by Mac OS. Movie format is compatible with iMovie 09 or later versions. 7. When using movie mode Memory Stick PRO Duo with MARK2 logo, Memory Stick PRO-HG, Class 4 or higher for SD/SDHC/SDXC media are recommended. 8. TransferJet enabled media (sold separately) and TransferJet technology required in both devices. 9. HD Movie mode records up to 1280x720p, at 30 fps, and 9Mbps. 27. Actual results may vary based on product settings, usage patterns and environmental conditions. Battery capacity decreases over time and use.

VIOLET

Camera Type Image Device Effective Pixels Resolution Processor Lens Type Lens Construction Aperture Range Focal Length 35mm Equivalency Optical Zoom Digital Zoom Total Zoom Compact Exmor R CMOS camera 1/2.3 (7.77mm) Exmor R CMOS Sensor 16.2MP BIONZ Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar 6 elements in 5 groups (including 3 aspheric elements) iAuto (F2.6/F8.0 (W), 2 steps with ND Filter) / Program Auto (F2.6/F8.0 (W), 2 steps with ND Filter) 4.5-22.5mm Still 16:9: 28-140mm / Still 4:3: 25-125mm / Movie 16:9: 29-145mm / Movie 4:3: 35-175mm 5x Smart Zoom / Precision Digital Zoom / Off Approximately 20x with Precision Digital Zoom 3.0 XtraFine LCD display (921K dots) MS PRO Duo media and SD/SDHC media10 16:9 12M (4,608 x 2,592) / 2M (1,920 x 1,080); 4:3 16M (4,608 x 3,456), 10M (3,648 x 2,736), 5M (2,592 x 1,944), VGA (640 x 480), 3D: 16M (4,608 x 3,456) / 16:9(12M) (4,608 x 2,592); Panorama 2D: 7,152 x 1,080 (222deg) / 4,912 x 1,080 (153deg) / 4,912 x 1,920 (164deg) / 3,424 x 1,920 (114deg), 3D: 7,152 x 1,080 (222deg) / 4,912 x 1,080 (153deg) / 4,912 x 1,920 (164deg) / 3,424 x 1,920 (114deg) / 1,920 x 1,080 (60deg) 1,920 x 1,080 (FX) Approx. 24Mbps Approx. 60fps interlace / 1,920 x 1,080 (FH) Approx. 17Mbps Approx. 60fps interlace / 1,440 x 1,080 (HQ) Approx. 9Mbps Approx. 60fps interlace / 1,440 x 1,080 Approx. 12Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive / 1,280 x 720 Approx. 6Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive / 640 x 480 (VGA) Approx. 3Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive Stereo / Mono 9 points AF / Center Weighted AF / Spot AF Yes iAuto (W: Approx. 5cm (0.16) to Infinity, T: Approx. 100cm (3.28) to Infinity) Multi Pattern / Center Weighted / Spot Plus / Minus 2.0EV, 1 / 3EV step Auto / 125 / 200 / 400 / 800 / 1600 / 3200 Standard Auto / Daylight / Cloudy / Fluorescent 1 (White Fluorescent Lighting) / Fluorescent 2 (Natural White Fluorescent Lighting) / Fluorescent 3 (Day White Fluorescent Lighting) / Incandescent / Flash / One Push / One Push Set iAuto (2 - 1/1,600) / Program Auto (1 - 1/1,600) Normal / Hi-Speed Burst (High/Mid/Low) (Approx. 10fps at 16.2MP (Maximum 10 shots)) / Bracketing Built-In ISO Auto: Approx. 0.05-Approx. 5.3m (Approx. 0.16-Approx. 17.39) (W) / Approx. 1.0-Approx. 2.2m (Approx. 3.28-Approx. 7.22) (T), ISO3200: up to Approx. 7.5m (Approx. 24.60) (W) / Approx. 3.2m (Approx. 10.50) (T) Auto / On / Slow Syncro / Off

dSC-tX10

Camera Type Image Device Effective Pixels Resolution Processor Lens Type Waterproof15 sleek and stylish with 3 touch screen 1/2.3 (7.77mm) Exmor R CMOS Sensor 16.2MP BIONZ Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar 12 elements in 10 groups (including 6 aspheric elements,1 prism) iAuto (F3.5-F6.3 (W)) / Program Auto (F3.5-F6.3 (W)) 4.43-17.7mm Still 16:9: 27-108mm / Still 4:3: 25-100mm / Movie 16:9: 27-108mm / Movie 4:3: 33-132mm 4x Smart Zoom / Precision Digital Zoom / Off Approximately 16x with Precision Digital Zoom
Superior Auto Scene Modes
Image Stabilization GPS Waterproof15 Dustproof15 Freeze-proof15 Shockproof15 Panorama Multi-shot layering 3D7 Intelligent Auto Face Detection Motion Detection Blink Detection Smile Shutter Technology Self-timer In-Camera Editing TransferJet Technology USB HD Video SD Video
16.2MP | 4x OPTICAL ZOOM | 3.0 LCD
the Sony dSC-tX10 lets you live life on the edge. this stylish and innovative camera will fit perfectly into your active life. Waterproof, shockproof, dustproof, freeze-proof, Hd movies, 3d photos, Sweep Panorama mode, and a touch screen, this powerful tool follows you to the edge and proves you were there.

Rugged and Stylish

This camera is just as much at home in the water as on a night on the town! The sleek and stylish TX10 fits the slimmest pocket or purse, yet is waterproof to a depth of 16 ft, shockproof from falls up to approximately 5 ft and dustproof thanks to its airtight construction.15 As well, this durable camera can even withstand extreme weather conditions, as it is operable in temperatures from 14- to 104-degrees Fahrenheit. Seamlessly shifting from underwater marvels to a night on the town, the TX10 always makes it easy to get the best shot!
Record crystal clear movies at the highest resolution available with capabilities for 60i in 1080 Full HD6. This provides stunning, fast motion video with less distortion for playback on your HD TV.9
Superior Auto: awesome shots, automatically Soft Skin mode reduces visible blemishes, and wrinkles Natural Flash corrects color balance for lifelike shots Fast capture with up to 10fps at full 16.2MP resolution Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar 4x (25mm) optical zoom lens HDMI output for easy connectivity Smile Shutter technology automatically captures a smile Face Detection technology captures faces naturally Motion Detection suppresses blur in people and other subjects Anti-blink, Face Priority and Red-eye Reduction functions Anti-Motion Blur/Hand-held Twilight for less grain and blur Backlight Correction HDR for scenes with high-contrast (2 shots) Sweep Multi Angle for 3D-like view on the cameras LCD

Superior Auto Scene Modes Image Stabilization GPS Panorama Multi-shot layering
16.2MP | 4x OPTICAL ZOOM | 3.5 LCD
See pictures in a whole new way with the Sony dSC-tX100V. Viewing on the 3.5 OLEd touch screen with vivid colors brings photos to life. With features like 3d still image, amazing Intelligent Sweep Panorama mode, superb low light function and full Hd video, viewing your pictures just got a lot more exciting.
Yes - USB 2.0 Hi-Speed HDMI/Composite(1080i) Yes
Supplied Battery Lithium-ion NP-BN1 3.6V 110 Battery Life (Approx.)27 (Approx.)Number of Images 3 7/8 x 2 3/8 x 23/32 (97.0mm x 58.5mm x 17.8mm) Body: Approx. 4.6 oz. (131g), With battery and Memory Stick media: Approx. 5.2 oz. (147g) Picture Motion Browser Ver 5.5, PMB Portable 5.5 (for Windows), PMB Portable 1.3 (for Macintosh)1 PMB and PMB Portable: Microsoft Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7. PMB Portable also compatible with Macintosh OS X (v10.4 - 10.6) Limited 1 Year Parts & Labor NP-BN1 3.6V BC-CSN Yes Yes Yes
The DSC-TX100V features a 16.2 megapixel Exmor R CMOS image sensor that brings out the full resolving power of the cameras Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar lens to deliver extremely fast speed, high resolution, and stunning lowlight sensitivity with improved image clarity and drastically reduced grain. In addition, the combined Exmor R CMOS sensor and BIONZ image processor delivers extremely fast up to 10fps, Anti-Motion Blur, Hand-held Twilight and 1080p movie modes.
It automatically links together each frame to produce a high resolution panoramic image providing the ability to zoom in on small details. This model even detects faces and moving subjects to stitch intelligently different widths to help avoid subject distortion.
mode, then quickly shoots and combines up to six shots to produce images with greater clarity and optimum dynamic range using backlight correction HDR technology.
Battery Battery Charger USB Cable Wrist Strap CD ROM
Soft Skin mode reduces visible blemishes, and wrinkles Natural Flash corrects color balance for lifelike shots Fast capture with up to 10fps at full 16.2MP resolution Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar 4x (25mm) optical zoom lens HDMI output for easy connectivity Smile Shutter technology automatically captures a smile

Backlight Correction

Dont miss a single detail in high contrast shots. The built in backlight correction analyzes the image and automatically adjusts accordingly to give you a perfectly lit shot.

The Sony 10x optical zoom G lens brings distant subjects super close for great outdoors, sports, and travel photos. The compact size makes it easy to take with you in a pocket, purse, or backpack.
Reach beyond the traditional wide angle lens, and capture more breathtaking shots with Sweep Panorama mode. Simply press the shutter button and sweep the camera in the desired direction and the camera continuously shoots at a high speed, then seamlessly stitches the images together with automatic position adjustment to create one stunning panoramic image. Available in wide and ultra-wide options, the camera can take panoramic shots of up to 260 degrees. Now capturing wide landscapes is as easy as press and sweep.
1. PMB requires Microsoft Windows XP SP3/ Windows Vista SP2/Windows 7. Software not supported by Mac OS. Movie format is compatible with iMovie 09 or later versions. 5. Records in 29 minute segments. 6. TransferJet enabled media (sold separately) and TransferJet technology required in both devices. 10. When using movie mode Memory Stick PRO Duo with MARK2 logo, Memory Stick PRO-HG, Class 4 or higher for SD/SDHC/SDXC media are recommended. 27. Actual results may vary based on product settings, usage patterns and environmental conditions. Battery capacity decreases over time and use.

Active mode

Stabilize your hand-held HD movies with active mode. For recording on the go this feature was designed to minimize motion allowing you to capture the video you want without all of the movement.
Supplied Battery Lithium-ion NP-BG1 3.6V Battery Life (Approx.)(Approx.)Number of Images

dSC-HX7V

Camera Type Image Device Effective Pixels Resolution Processor Lens Type High Zoom Performance Camera 1.23 (7.77mmm) Exmor CMOS 16.2MP BIONZ G Lens 10 elements in 7 groups (including 4 aspheric elements) (F3.5-F5.5) 4.25-42.5mm Still 16:9: 28-280mm / Still 4:3: 25-250mm/ Movie 16:9: 28-280mm / Movie 4:3: 34-340mm 10x Smart Zoom / Precision Digital Zoom / Off Approximately 40x with Precision Digital Zoom 3.0 Xtra Fine LCD TFT (921K dots) Electronic MS PRO Duo SD/SDHC media10 4:3 16M (4,608 x 3,456), 10M (3,648 x 2,736), 5M (2,592 x 1,944), VGA (640 x 480), 3D: 16M (4,608 x 3,456) ; 16:9 12M (4,608 x 2,592) / 2D Panorama: 7,152 x 1,080 (245deg) / 4,912 x 1,080 (168deg) / 4,912 x 1,920 (180deg) / 3,424 x 1,920 (125deg), 3D Panorama: 7,152 x 1,080 (245deg) / 4,912 x 1,080 (168deg) / 4,912 x 1,920 (180deg) / 3,424 x 1,920 (125deg) / 1,920 x 1,080 (66deg) 1,920 x 1,080 (FX) Approx. 24Mbps Approx. 60fps interlace / 1,920 x 1,080 (FH) Approx. 17Mbps Approx. 60fps interlace / 1,440 x 1,080 (HQ) Approx. 9Mbps Approx. 60fps interlace / 1,440 x 1,080 Approx. 12Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive / 1,280 x 720 Approx. 6Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive / 640 x 480 (VGA) Approx. 3Mbps Approx. 30fps, Progressive Stereo / Mono 9 points AF (Under Face Undetected) / Center Weighted AF / Spot AF Yes iAuto (W: Approx. 5cm (0.16) to Infinity, T: Approx. 100cm (3.28) to Infinity) Multi Pattern / Center Weighted / Spot Plus / Minus 2.0EV, 1 / 3EV step Auto / 125 / 200 / 400 / 800 / 1600 / 3200 Standard Auto / Daylight / Cloudy / Fluorescent 1 (White Fluorescent Lighting) / Fluorescent 2 (Natural White Fluorescent Lighting) / Fluorescent 3 (Day White Fluorescent Lighting) / Incandescent / Flash / One Push iAuto (2 - 1/1,600) / Program Auto (1 - 1/1,600) / Manual (30-1/1600) Normal / Hi-Speed Burst (High/Mid/Low) (Approx. 10fps at 16.2MP (Maximum 10 shots)) / Bracketing Built in ISO Auto: Approx. 0.05m-Approx. 4.8m (Approx. 0.16-Approx. 15.7) (W) / Approx. 1.0m-Approx. 3.1m (Approx. 3.28-Approx.10.2) (T), ISO3200: up to Approx. 6.8m (Approx. 22.3) (W) / Approx. 4.4m (Approx. 14.4) (T) Auto / On / Slow Syncro / Off

16.2MP | 30x OPTICAL ZOOM | 3.0 LCD
With 30x optical zoom, incredible low light performance, full 1080x60p Hd movie capabilities, and innovative features like, hi-speed linear auto focus, 3d image capabilities, and backlight correction to catch even the smallest details in high contrast shots, the Sony dSC-HX100V will renew your passion for photography.

Viewfinder

33 scenes still / 44 scenes movie High Sensitivity / Twilight / Twilight Portrait / Soft Snap / Landscape / Beach / Snow / Fireworks / Advanced Sports / Gourmet / Pet / Soft Skin Optical SteadyShot / Image Stabilization Optical SteadyShot with Active Mode 29 Embeded GPS with Compass GPS Sweep Panorama HR Panorama (Horizontal / Veritcal up to 270-degrees) 3D 3D still image / 3D Panorama / Sweep Multi Angle Tracking Focus Yes Background Defocus Yes Hand-held Twilight / Anti-Motion Blur / Multi-shot layering Backlight Correction HDR Intelligent Auto Yes Intelligent Scene Recognition 8 scenes Face Detection 8 faces (Auto / Off / Child Priority / Adult Priority) Motion Detection Yes Blink Detection Yes Smile Shutter Technology Yes Self-timer Off / 10sec. / 2sec./ portrait1 / portrait2 In-Camera Editing Trimming / Red Eye Correction / Unsharp Masking Yes6 TransferJet Technology Scene Modes Yes - USB 2.0 Hi-Speed HDMI / Component (1080i) Yes
Supplied Battery Lithium-ion NP-FH50 6.8V 205 Battery Life (Approx.)27 Number of Images (Approx.)W x H x D: 4 7/8 x 3 1/2 x 3 3/4 (121.6mm x 86.6mm x 93.1mm) Body: Approx. 1lb 2.5 oz. (525g), With battery and Memory Stick media: Approx. 1lb 4.4 oz. (577g) Picture Motion Browser Ver 5.5, PMB Portable 5.5 (for Windows), PMB Portable 1.3 (for Macintosh)1 PMB and PMB Portable: Microsoft Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7. PMB Portable also compatible with Macintosh OS X (v10.4 - 10.6) Limited 1 Year Parts & Labor Lithium-ion NP-FH50 6.8V AC-L200 Yes Yes Yes
3.0 (921K dots) Xtra Fine LCD with TruBlack technology gives you deeper blacks and more color in your display, all while being thinner than most LCDs.
Carl Zeiss Vario Sonnar t* Lens with 27mm equivalent wide 30x Optical Zoom
The high-performance Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonar T* lens with 30x optical zoom lens brings distant subjects closer for video recording as well as for outdoor, sports, and travel photos, and Close Focus shoots close-ups within a of the subject. A wide angle of 27mm equivalent wide-angle lens allows you to take wider shots of the scene or group in crowded spaces.
3D still image and 3D Sweep Panorama 5 Fast capture with up to 10fps at full 16.2MP resolution Intelligent Sweep Panorama HR mode for one shot landscapes in high resolution

23. Available storage capacity may vary and a portion of the memory is used for data management functions. 24. These numbers are approximate and may vary. A portion of the memory is used for data management functions.

display your creativity

Enjoy still images and high resolution AVCHD video on select Sony Digital Photo Frames. Personal videos can be intermixed with still photos in slide show playback mode.

dPF-d810

Display your photos on the 8 SVGA LCD (4:3)

dPF-d820

Display your photos on the 8 SVGA LCD (4:3) Remote control View your motion jpg home videos with audio 2GB internal memory (save up to 4000 2MP photos)2 Variety of slide show and transition options Multi card/USB slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC)4 USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3

dPF-d830

Display your photos on the 8 SVGA LCD (4:3) View your motion jpg home videos with audio Battery operated for portability 2GB internal memory (save up to 4000 2MP photos)2 Remote control Variety of slide show and transition options

dPF-VR100

Display photos on the large 10.2 WSVGA LCD (16:10) View AVCHD/MP4 home videos 2 GB internal memory (save up to 4000 2MP photos) USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3 Listen to your movies in clear, pleasant stereo sound

dPF-XR100

Display your photos on the 10.2 WSVGA LCD (16:10) TruBlack Techology adds more contrast to photos and reduces reflections Wide view angle View AVCHD /MP4 home videos
Remote control LED backlight screen Variety of slide show and transition options Multi card/USB slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC)MB internal memory, enough for up to 150 2MP photos2 USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3
Multi card/USB slots (MS, MSDuo, SD, SDHC, USB flash drive)
2 GB internal memory (save up to 4000 2MP photos)2 Multi card/USB slots (MS, MSDuo, SD, SDHC, USB flash drive) USB mini B for PC connection and transfers
Playback Sweep Panorama images taken by Sony cameras Convenient alarm to awaken you
USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3
Listen to your movies in clear, pleasing stereo sound Playback Sweep Panorama images taken by Sony cameras

dPF-A710

Display your photos on the 7 WQVGA LCD (16:10)

dPF-d710

Display your photos on the 7 WVGA LCD (16:10) Remote control LED backlight Variety of slide shows with your choice of transitions Multi card/USB slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC)MB internal memory (save up to 200 2MP photos)2 USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3

dPF-d95

Display your photos on the 9 WVGA LCD (16:10) Remote control LED backlight 256 MB internal memory (save up to 500 2MP photos)2 Multi card/USB slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC, xD)4 USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3

dPF-d1010

Display your photos on the 10 WVGA LCD (16:10) Remote control LED backlight 128 MB internal memory (save up to 200 2MP photos)2 USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3 Multi card/USB slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC)4

dPF-d1020

Display your photos on the 10 WVGA LCD (16:10) View your motion jpg home videos LED backlight 2 GB internal memory (save up to 4000 2MP photos)2 Multi card/USB slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC)4 USB mini B for PC connection and transfers3
Remote control LED backlight Multi card slots (MS, MS Duo, SD, SDHC)4 Variety of slide shows with your choice of transitions 128 MB internal memory (save up to 250 2MP photos)
2. These numbers are approximate and may vary. Actual usable memory capacity is 1.9 GB because a portion of memory is used for data management purposes. 3. USB input requires USB cable, sold separately. 4. Some cards require an adaptor, sold separately.

ACCESSORIES

ACCESSORY
Spare Battery Pack Travel Charger Accessory Kit

NP-BN1 BC-TRN ACC-CTBN

NP-BN1 BC-TRN ACC-CTBN ACC-HDBN LCS-TWK LCS-CSU MSMT4G/TQ, /2G/TQ MSHX32B, /16B, /8B Compatible MS-JX8G TJS-1 VMC-MD3, VMC-30MHD, /15MHD GPS-CS3KA IPT-DS2 VCT-R640 VCT-R100

NP-FG1 BC-TRN ACC-HDFG

Carrying Case Marine Pack Memory Stick PRO Duo media Secure Digital media Memory Stick with TransferJet
LCS-TWK LCS-CSZ MSMT4G/TQ, /2G/TQ MSHX32B, /16B, /8B Compatible GPS-CS3KA VCT-R640 VCT-R100
LCS-CSU LCS-CSW MSMT4G/TQ, /2G/TQ MSHX32B, /16B, /8B Compatible GPS-CS3KA VCT-R640 VCT-R100
LCS-CSVA LCS-CSZ MPK-WF MSMT4G/TQ, /2G/TQ MSHX32B, /16B, /8B Compatible VMC-MD3, VMC-MHC3 GPS-CS3KA IPT-DS2 VCT-R640 VCT-R100
LCS-TWK LCS-CSU MPK-WG MSMT4G/TQ, /2G/TQ MSHX32B, /16B, /8B Compatible MS-JX8G TJS-1 VMC-MD3, VMC-MHC3 GPS-CS3KA IPT-DS2 VCT-R640 VCT-R100
LCS-CSU LCS-CSW MSMT4G/TQ, /2G/TQ MSHX32B, /16B, /8B Compatible MS-JX8G TJS-1 VMC-MD3, VMC-30MHD, /15MHD GPS-CS3KA IPT-DS2 VCT-R640 VCT-R100

W510 GENERAL
(Super HAD CCC = SH CCD, Exmor CMOS = E CMOS)

tX100V

Imaging Sensor

SH CCD 12.1MP

SH CCD 14.1MP

SH CCD 16.1MP

Exmor R CMOS 16.2MP

E CMOS 16.2MP

Resolution OPtICS
(Sony lens = Sony, Sony G Lens = G Lens, Carl Zeiss Varrio Tessar = Zeiss)
Recording Capacity (Approximate)
Video Format AVCHd 24M FX

Sony 4x 26-105mm

Zeiss 4x 26-105mm

Zeiss 5x 25-125mm

G Lens 7x 24-168mm

Zeiss 4x 25-100mm

G Lens 10x 25-250mm

G Lens 16x 24-384mm

Zeiss 30x 27-810mm
Resolution 1920 x 1080 / 60i 1920 x 1080 / 60i 1440 x 1080 / 60i 1440 x 1080
1 GBmin 0 sec 7 min 0 sec 10 min 0 sec 9 min 0 sec 15 min 0 sec 35 min 0 sec
2 GBmin 0 sec 10 min 0 sec 25 min 0 sec 20 min 0 sec 35 min 0 sec 1hr 10 min 0 sec
4 GBmin 0 sec 30 min 0 sec 50 min 0 sec 40 min 0 sec 1 hr 15 min 0 sec 2 hr 25 min 0 sec
8 GBmin 0 sec 1 hr 0 min 0 sec 1 hr 45 min 0 sec 1 hr 20 min 0 sec 2 hr 40 min 0 sec 4 hr 55 min 0 sec
16 GBhr 30 min 0 sec 2 hr 0 min 0 sec 3 hr 35 min 0 sec 2 hr 45 min 0 sec 5 hr 20 min 0 sec 10 hr 55 min 0 sec
32 GBhr 0 min 0 sec 4 hr 5 min 0 sec 7 hr 20 min 0 sec 5 hr 30 min 0 sec 10 hr 50 min 0 sec 20 hr 0 min 0 sec dRIVE SYStEM

Optical Zoom

(35mm equivalent)
LCd dISPLAY LCD Type 2.7 Clear Photo 2.7 Clear Photo 3.0 Clear Photo 2.7 Clear Photo 3.0 Xtra Fine LCD 2.8 Clear Photo LCD Plus 3.0 Clear Photo LCD Plus 3.0 Xtra Fine LCD 3.5 OLED Xtra Fine LCD w/ TruBlack 3.0 Clear Photo 3.0 Xtra Fine LCD 3.0 Xtra Fine LCD w/ TruBlack Technology 3.0 Xtra Fine LCD w/ TruBlack Technology
AVCHd 17M FH AVCHd 9M HQ MP4 12M
Burst Mode at Full Res AdVANCEd FEAtURES Embedded GPS Sweep Panorama iSweep Panorama 3D Sweep Panorama 3D Still Image Image Stablization

1.17 fps

1.1 fps

10 fps

Digital -

Optical

Optical

Optical

MP4 6M MP4 3M VGA

1280 x 720

640 x 480
Battery Stamina When Shooting Still Images
dSC-W510 dSC-W530 dSC-W560 dSC-W570 dSC-WX9 dSC-WX10 dSC-t110 dSC-tX10 dSC-tX100V dSC-H70 dSC-HX7V dSC-HX9V dSC-HX100V

Background Defocus

Battery Type
NP-BN1 NP-BN1 NP-BN1 NP-BN1 NP-BN1 NP-FG1 NP-BN1 NP-BN1 NP-BN1 NP-FG1 NP-FG1 NP-FG1 NP-FH50
Approximate Number of Minutes
Approximate Number of Still Images
Superior Auto Tracking Focus RECORdING Video Format INtERFACE

VGA / QVGA

1280x720

1920x1080

Battery Life 27
25. Capacity will vary based on type and complexity of image recorded. 26. 1 GB equals 1 billion bytes. A portion of the total storage (approx. available storage is 240 GB=238 GB, 160 GB=158 GB, 120 GB=119 GB, 80 GB=79.3 GB, 64 GB=62.8 GB, 32 GB=30 GB, 16 GB=15.5 GB, 4 GB=3.86 GB) is used for system management and/or application files. 27. Actual results may vary based on product settings, usage patterns and environmental conditions. Battery capacity decreases over time and use.

digital cameras for his own personal work. For their ongoing support and guidance I am deeply indebted to the Directors of the David Whitmire Hearst Jr. Foundation, Christopher Espineli and Warren Coley. Leigh Gleason, UCR/California Museum of Photographys Curator of Collections and Georg Burwick, ARTSblocks Director of Digital Media provided invaluable research for this exhibition. Special thanks to Dan Rossiter who installed the exhibition and Natasha Thoreson and Aide Esquivel who photographed the cameras. David Whitmire Hearst Jr. has my deep respect and warm thanks for his strong belief in CMPs projects and programs and for continuing to augment CMPs own camera holdings with these important exhibitions that make significant advances in camera technology widely accessible. Jonathan Green Executive Director UCR ARTSblock

.3 megapixels

DIGITAL CAMERAS IN THE EXHIBITION
COMPANY CAMERA YEAR MPIXELS PANEL COMPANY CAMERA YEAR MPIXELS PANEL
Casio Canon Kodak* Apple* Chinon Minolta Kodak Sony Sony* Fuji

21 megapixels

VS-101 Xapshot RC250 DCS-100 Quick Take 100 ES-3000 RD175 DC50 Zoom Mavica MVC-FD5 MX-700 Mavica Hi-Band A-10 QV-5500 SX D1 PDR-M4 Coolpix 950 Powershot S100 Elph Photo PC 3000Z Finepix 4900 Zoom DC1311
.3.2 1.3.3.3 1.7.4.3.3 1.5 1.3 .3 1.2 2.7.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.1 2.4 2.1
Olympus Camedia C211 Zoom Polaroid Sony Kodak Aiptek* Canon Sony Konica Leica Minota Pentax Canon Pentax Nokia* Leica Leica Leica Apple* Vtech Canon* PDC700 Mavica MVC-CD1000 DC4800 PenCam Trio PowerShot Pro 90 IS DSC-F707 Revio C2 Digilux 1 Dimage X Digibino DB100 EOS D60 Optio S 3600 Smartphone Digilux 2 R-9 D-Lux 2 iPhone Kidizoom camera EOS 5D Mark II
2.1.8 2.1 3.3 3.3.3 2.6 5.2 1.2 5.2 2.1.8 6.3 3.1.10 8.2 21

Olympus Camedia C-3030

Digital Still Camera DSC-F1 1996
Panasonic PVSD4090 Sony* Casio Nikon Sony Toshiba Nikon* Canon Epson Fuji Minox
Digital Mavica MVC-FD81 1999
THE END OF FILM DIGITAL CAMERAS

A Brief History of

Selections from the David Whitmire Hearst Jr. Foundation Collection

19872009

This exhibition represents the second in a series of presentations of the riches of David Whitmire Hearst Jr.s extraordinary, encyclopedic camera collection. The first exhibition, Leica & Hasselblad, explored the two most precisionmade handheld cameras of the 20th century, cameras that captured many of the iconic images of the modern world. But the film cameras that defined the last century began to be replaced at the turn of the 21st century with a new device for recording optical reality, a device that has now become the primary visual recording instrument of our time: the digital camera. Where Mr. Hearsts Leicas and Hasselblads spanned the history of the camera during the 77 years from 1913 to 2000, his digital cameras represent a much smaller period, the 22 years from 1987 to 2009. But it is safe to say that these 22 years represent a revolution in image-making and image distribution that is unprecedented in the history of the world. In the 19th century, photography was the province of skilled practitioners. During the 20th century, the development of small cameras and
the use of roll film allowed both professionals and snapshooters to capture images, transforming photography from specialized exercise to common practice, and transforming the camera from specialized device to common appliance. With the advent of the computer and the cell phone, access to the camera increased exponentially. Now two thirds of the worlds population carries a cell phone, and camera phones have begun to reach the bottom of the worlds economic pyramid. In 2009 owning some sort of camera is the rule and receiving, transmitting and trading photographs forms the basis of social networks and human communication. While most of the cameras in Mr. Hearsts collection are museum pieces and have never been used, the digital cameras are frequently exceptions. With a curiosity of an engineer examining each new technical advance, Mr. Hearst acquired many consumer digital cameras to evaluate their resolution, ease of use, and processing power. He was amazed at the increasing quality and functionality of digital cameras, and now, as most of us, he is exclusively using

Cameras on loan from the David Whitmire Hearst Jr. Foundation Collection. *Cameras from the collection of the California Museum of Photography.
California Museum of Photography UCR ARTSblock University of California, Riverside October 24, 2009 January 30, 2010
1. Casio VS-101.28MP 1 1987
2. Canon Xapshot RC250.2MP 1989

3. Kodak DCS-100 1.3MP

4. Apple QuickTake 100.3MP 3

5. Chinon ES-3000.3MP

6. Kodak DC50 Zoom.38MP 4
7. Sony DSC-F1.3MP 5 1995

8. Fuji MX-700 1.5MP 7

9. Casio QV-5500 SX 1.2MP
10. Toshiba PDR-M4 2.1MP 1999
11. Canon Powershot S100 Elph 2.1MP 11
12. Camedia C211 Zoom 2.1MP 12 2001
13. Minolta Dimage X 2.1MP 16 2003
14. Pentax Digibino DB100.8MP
15. Canon EOS D60 6.3MP 17
16. Pentax Optio S 3.14MP

17. Leica D-Lux 2 8.4MP

18. Canon EOS 5D Mark II 21MP 18

THE END OF FILM

The incredible transformation of photographic technology during the last 20 years recapitulates at an exponential scale what had occurred during photographys previous 163-year history. From 1826 to 1989 the camera was transformed from a bulky device to a smartly designed, handheld image recorder. Light-sensitive media changed from silver plate or fragile glass to sheet and roll film. Advances in photochemistry allowed film to record more information and to capture color. Advances in lens design produced tack sharp lenses and zoom optics. Other technologies made possible reflex viewing, motor drives, electronic flash, and auto-focus. These changes repositioned an invention that began on the margins of society into a medium that occupied the center of modern communication, journalism, and social interaction.
During the 20th century, images in the printed press moved from etching to photograph and news reporting was transformed from text-based to picturebased. By 1989 the camera had become a worldwide presence, a ubiquitous device whose existence on the societal scale shaped culture and politics, and on the personal scale constructed the visual narratives of our lives. No previous media had so successfully produced images that could be both political acts, social gestures and public records as well as personal histories, diaries and observations. The digital photography of the past twenty years developed out of the convergence of the computer, video technology, and the camera. The photograph, which was conceived as a visual image, now became digital data, a string of numbers easily captured, stored, duplicated, manipulated, transmitted and presented. All

camera components except the lens were completely reinvented for digital use. Images are now recorded on electronic sensors that send digital data to postage stamp-sized media cards capable of holdings thousands of images. Image processing is instant, complex adjustments and manipulations are automatic. High-resolution screens display images instantly, paper prints can be made with ease. As microprocessors shrank in size, cameras became more compact. The cell phone and the internet added networked communication. And since still and moving image, text and sound could be translated into digital data, recording and communication could converge into one appliance.

DIGITAL CAMERAS

When we look at the digital cameras available today it is easy to forget that their current capabilities did not appear
instantly, but evolved, first slowly in the 20 year period from the mid 60s to the mid 80s, and then much more rapidly during the past 20 years. During these second 20 years, the remarkable thing is not just the extent of advancement but rather the ever-accelerating progress of technology. Paradoxically digital photography began with analogue video. The first useful digital still images were recorded in the 1960s when NASA used computers to enhance television-like video camera signals to map the moon. Later digital stills derived from prototype cameras which were in essence analogue video movie cameras that grabbed single frames were used by news agencies to cover the 1984 Summer Olympics, the 1986 World Series, and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. The earliest digital cameras in this exhibition followed this process: the Casio VX-101
(1987) and the Canon Xapshot RC 250 (1988) digitized video signals rather than recorded a still image. The XapShot could send an NTSC signal to a TV/VCR for playback and recording or an image could be captured on an Apple Macintosh computer equipped with a video capture card. While this equipment was beyond the reach of the average consumer, the Casio VX-101 was the first digital camera used by fine art photographers. The first true digital still camera in this exhibition is the Kodak DCS-100 (1991). It used a 1.3MP (megapixel) sensor, weighed 20 pounds, and was priced at $13,000. The sensor apparatus was mounted in a Nikon F3 body cabled to a hard drive unit that stored and displayed the images. It connected to a computer via a SCSI interface that could be accessed through Adobe Photoshop, the program that in 1990 revolutionized im-
age processing, editing and manipulation. In 1994 Apple Computer launched the Apple QuickTake, built by Kodak as an easy-to-use digital camera that connected by cable to any Macintosh computer. The camera was capable of storing eight photos at 640x480 or.3MP resolution. Other than downloading the photos to a computer, there was no way to preview them on the camera. The first digital camera in this exhibition that recorded images as a computerized file on a removable card is the Chinon ES-3000 (1995), which was the predecessor of the Kodak DC50 (1996). These cameras recorded.3 and.38MP images respectively.

MINIATURIZATION & SLEEK DESIGN
The shape of todays compact digital cameras began to emerge in the mid 90s. These designs would mark the ergonomic transformation of the camera from util-
ity device to fashion statement to unity appliance. Their form had evolved from small disc film cameras of the 1980s and from Canons APS film Elph cameras of the mid 90s. The digital Elph S100 (2000) was preceded by other small, sleek, metallic bodies represented here by the.3MP Sony Cyber Shot DSC-F1 (1996), which introduced a swiveling lens; the 1.5MP Fuji MX-700 (1998), one of the cameras which started the mini-megapixel revolution; and the elegant art nouveau styled Toshiba PDR-M4 (1999). These were followed by such small cameras as the Minolta Dimage X (2002), Pentax Optio S (2003), and Leica D-LUX 2 (2005). In the late 1990s progress toward professional features occurred on larger cameras whose form factor followed previous film SLRs. These instruments had much larger sensors for superior resolution and low-light performance. They used inter-
changeable lenses and offered full aperture and shutter control. Nikons D1 (1999) marked the first digital SLR professional camera under $5,000 to break the 2.5MP barrier. During the same time Canon began producing the EOS line. Canons EOS-D60 (2002) brought a 6MP sensor to market. As the capabilities of the processor and the sensor chip expanded, so did the cameras video capacities. Since digital video was essentially a series of digital stills, manufacturers began to include video as part of the feature set. The Casio QV-5500 SX (1999) and the Minolta Dimage X (2002) were able to shoot 320x240 movies. This fusion of media reached its apotheosis in the Canon EOS 5D Mark II (2009), which more than any other camera to date blurs the lines between a still and video instrument. Its 21MP sensor can take full cinematic
quality 1920x1080 HD video and stores up to 45 minutes of film on inexpensive 16 GB CF cards. Its still and film capabilities point to an integration that will only mature in the coming years.

CONVERGENCE

Other areas of hybridity were developing during this period. The Olympus Camedia C-211 (2000) combined a Polaroid printer with a digital camera. The Pentax Digibino DB100 (2002) amalgamated binoculars and a.8MP digital camera. But of course the major convergence of media occurred with the cell phone. In 2003 Kyocera Wireless introduced the first widely available megapixel camera phone with a flash and zoom. By the end of 2008, the installed base of camera phones was 1.9 billion or 30 percent of the worlds population. Currently the Apple iPhone (2007), now in version 3GS, is

in reality a handheld computer featuring a camera with sound, video, multimedia and music recording and playback, internet connection, multiple computer applications, and cell phone transmission. This powerful set of tools has allowed photography to have an unprecedented impact on the modern world. In 1989 it was hard to imagine that the camera and photography could possibly burrow more deeply into society or psyche. But looking back from the vantage point of 2009, it is clear that all of the advances of the previous 163 years have been surpassed a hundred-fold, and a medium which 20 years ago was ubiquitous has now become intrinsic, an essential element for human communication, history, and knowledge.