FM RECEIVER STUDY

FINAL REPORT

Nozema N.V. May 2004 Version 1.0

FM receiver study

Abbreviations
AF STIR IPC MAD MOS OBU PWC WTISR Audio Frequency Signal-To-Interference Ratio Industrial Personal Computer Mean Absolute Deviation Mean Opion Score Output Balancing Unit PairWise Comparison (Radio-Frequency) Wanted To Interfering Signal Ratio

Page 1

Table of content
Introduction... 10 Measuring protection ratio curves... 11
2.1 Receiver selection.... 11 2.2 Method.... 11 2.3 Measurement arrangement.... 12 2.4 Results..... 14 2.4.1 Radio-frequency protection ratio curves... 14 2.4.2 Sensitivity.... 15 2.5 Selection of the reference receiver... 16 2.6 Selection of the good and the bad receiver.. 18
Recording of the sound samples... 20
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Test setup.... 20 Source sound samples.... 22 Sound sampled recorded with the reference receiver.. 22 Sound samples recorded with the good and the bad receiver.. 23
Subjective assessment of the sound samples.. 24
4.1 Participants.... 24 4.2 Procedure.... 24 4.2.1 Pairwise comparison.... 24 4.2.2 Mean Opinion Score.... 24 4.3 Analysis and results of the pairwise comparison... 25 4.4 Analysis and results of the mean opinion score.. 26 4.5 Protection ratios.... 26
Consequences for frequency planning.. 32
5.1 General.... 32 5.1.1 ITU.... 32 5.1.2 This study.... 32 5.2 Considerations on protection ratios for conventional networks.. 33 5.2.1 Comparison... 33 5.2.2 Conclusions regarding conventional networks.. 33 5.3 Considerations on protection ratios for same programme networks. 34 5.3.1 Comparison... 34 5.3.2 Conclusions regarding same programme networks.. 34 5.4 Considerations on protection ratios for HF-synchro networks.. 35 5.4.1 Comparison... 35 5.4.2 Conclusions regarding HF-synchro networks.. 35 5.5 Planning considerations.... 36 5.5.1 Usable field strength calculations... 36 5.5.2 Optimised networks... 36 5.5.3 International frequency coordination... 36 5.5.4 General observations... 37

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

Comparison with zero-base results in The Netherlands.. 38
General.... 38 Conventional network.... 38 Same programme network... 38 Synchronised network.... 39 Page 2

7.1 7.2

High signal performance... 40
Approach.... 40 Results..... 41

RDS Switching... 44

8.1 Approach.... 44 8.1.1 RDS switching behavior due to differences in radio frequency levels. 44 8.1.2 RDS switching behavior due to multipath.. 44 8.2 Results..... 45 8.2.1 RDS switching behavior due to differences in radio frequency levels. 45 8.2.2 RDS switching behavior due to multipath.. 46
Appendices A Detailed results of the protection ratio measurements B Example of a same programme network C Reception problems due to inter-modulation D Photographs of the tested receivers

Page 3

Management summary
The goal of this study is twofold. First, the technical characteristics of a representative group of present day FM receivers should be assessed. Second, the protection ratios for the network configurations conventional, same programme and HF-synchro should be determined using a reference receiver. From a set of thirty present day FM receivers, consisting of ten car radio, ten portables and ten handhelds, the radio-frequency protection ratio curve according to Recommendation ITU BS 641 was used to characterize a receiver. Initial tested showed that some of the car radios and most of the portables and handhelds were not able to meet the requirements of this Recommendation. With an adjusted value for the audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio the protection curves of most receivers were determined. The receivers that were still not able to meet the revised audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio were discarded. Based on the measured protection ratios the Sanyo DC-DA1000 was selected as reference receiver. The reference receiver was used to record an extensive set of sound samples for the network configurations: conventional, same programme and HF-synchro. The quality of the recorded sound samples was assessed by a representative panel. This assessment resulted in protections ratio curves for the network configurations conventional, same programme and HF-synchro were determined. In general the results of these subjective tests are in fair agreement with the Recommendation ITU-R BS.412-9. For planning of conventional network it is advised to use the radiofrequency protection ratio values of this recommendation. The Zero-Base study resulted in a 3 to 8 dB reduction for the protection ratios for conventional networks. These results, however, could not be confirmed by this study. For frequency planning of transmitters carrying the same programme it is advised to use the protection ratios based on a grade of 3,5 in case of steady interference. In case of tropospheric interference it is advised to use the protection ratios based on a grade of 3,0. The values for same programme and steady interference do not differ much from the ZeroBase values for MPX synchronisation, except for 100 kHz frequency difference. It should be noted that the Zero-Base value is optimistic. The Zero-Base study gave no directions for tropospheric interference. Because the results for synchronized networks are not significantly better than those of same programme and former are more complicated to operate than the latter it is advised to use same programme in stead of HF-synchro between transmitters carrying the same programme. Compared to the Zero-Base study the protection ratios for synchronized transmitters are higher for frequency difference of 0 and 100 kHz. The reason for this could be the different synchronisation used. High signal performance tests have shown that interference from third order inter-modulation products may occur around FM transmission sites where many frequencies are used. There the reception of signals from either a station with much lower power than the others, or from other more distant sites could lead to problems. In these situations frequencies should be Page 4

FM receiver study higher. Also an increase in protection ratio with delay times was expected. The results show, in particular for the 0 s case, a relatively high value. Compared to the Zero-Base study the protection ratios for synchronized transmitters are higher for frequency difference of 0 and 100 kHz. The reason for this could be the different synchronisation used. Since a synchronized network is more complicated to operate an the results are not significantly better than those of same programme it is advised to use same programme in stead of HF-synchro between transmitters carrying the same programme. High signal performance tests have shown that interference from third order inter-modulation products may occur around FM transmission sites where many frequencies are used. There the reception of signals from either a station with much lower power than the others, or from other more distant sites could lead to problems. In these situations frequencies should be chosen such that no third order inter-modulation products occur in the pass-band of the receiver tuned to the low level signal. If this is not possible either the power of the low power transmission should be increased or a gap-filler should be installed to achieve the required protection ratio.

Page 9

1 Introduction
This report describes the results of the FM receiver study according to the request for tender from SRG/SSR/ide Suisse from 25 June 2002 and the conclusions reached at the meeting between representatives of the Swiss Companies and Nozema on 26 May 2003 in Lopik.

Page 10

2 Measuring protection ratio curves
The first step in this receiver study is to determine the radio-frequency protection ratio curves of thirty receiver. This should be done according to Recommendation ITU-R BS.641. Based upon the radio-frequency protection ratio curves a reference receiver will be selected. The following paragraphs describe the selection procedure. 2.1 Receiver selection Thirty receivers were used in this study: ten car radios, ten portables and ten handhelds. SRG/SSR provided a list with the make and type of the radio. Per category a high and a low end type, based on price, was selected. The tables 2.1 to 2.3 give an overview of the selected receivers. Also the Zero-Base reference receiver, the NAD 1600, was included in the tests. 2.2 Method Recommendation ITU-R BS.641 is used to the determine the radio-frequency protection ratio curves of the receivers. This recommendation indicates that the audio-frequency signal-tointerference ratio should be at least 56 dB. Initial tests with only a few receivers indicated that the 56 dB audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio could not always be reached. To be able to objectively compare receivers it is important that all receivers use the same minimal audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio as starting point for the determination of the radio-frequency protection ratio curve. Receivers which are not able to reach the minimal can not be taken into account. Therefore, it was decided to determine the maximum attainable audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio per receiver first. During this test the audio distortion per receiver is also measured. The audio distortion also gives an indication of the quality of the receiver. The results of this test are given in tables below. #

Car radios

Kenwood KDC-3024A Panasonic CQ-RDP162N Panasonic CQ-RDP003N Becker Mexico Pro CD 4627 Blaupunkt Woodstock DAB 52 Supertech AR-921 CD Jvc KD-SX997R Jvc KS-FX480REX Sony CDX-M850MP Vdo Dayton CD 2200

afstir max [dB]

-52,5 -57,5 -56,6 -51,0 -57,0 -55,3 -52,0 52,0 -55,6 -47,0
Table 2.1: Overview of the maximum audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio (afstir) for car radios.

Page 11

Portables
Sanyo DTA-300M Grundig Luna RP 9200 PLL Grundig Ocean Boy 350 Panasonic RX-EX1 Philips AZ3012 Sanyo DC-DA1000 Sony CFD-S550L/SC Sony ICF-C743L Thomson AM1180 Thomson RR 600CD
-47,5 -45,5 -51,5 -44,0 -54,0 -52,0 -47,0 -49,7 -45,5 -49,0
Table 2.2: Overview of the maximum audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio (afstir) for portables.

Handhelds

Sony ICF-M33RDS Grundig City Boy 52 Digitalway FD100 Nokia 8310 Philips AZT9500 Samsung YP-90S Sony ICF-C1200 United DM2595-2 Aiwa HS-RM539 Sony WM-FX491
-47,0 -43,0 -46,0 -40,0 -46,5 -44,0 -47,0 -47,0 -47,4 -45,6
Table 2.3: Overview of the maximum audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio (afstir) for handhelds.
The results of this test show that only three of thirty receiver are able to reach the minimal audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio of 56 dB. Since it is important to use the same the start value for the audio-frequency signal-tointerference ratio for all receiver it was decided to lower this start value from 56 dB to 46 dB. The start value is now lower than the original stop value for the audio-frequency signal-tointerference ratio. Therefore the stop value was lowered to 40 dB. With this adaptation it was possible to measure the protection ration of twenty fore of the thirty receivers. 2.3 Measurement arrangement The protection ratios have been measured in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R BS.641. Figure 2.1 shows a diagram of the measuring arrangement. This arrangement is a practical realisation of the schematic measuring arrangement from Recommendation ITU-R BS.461.

Page 12

Signal Generator
(A+B) (V1) Relais Matrix Port 4

Matching Amplifier

Stereo coder
(J+K+L+M+N) CHA-in (R) CHA-out + CHB-out

Low-pass Filter

(V2) Relais Matrix Port 5

Multisource Generator

CHA-out

Matching network

CHB-in
CHB-out (V3) Relais Matrix Port 3 (S)

Noise Generator

(C+D+E)

Receiver under test

Modulation Analyzer
(V4) Relais Matrix Port 6
Figure 2.1: Practical measuring arrangement. Each apparatus in this arrangement has been given a reference an letter printed in italics and placed between brackets - to the function blocks used in schematic diagram of Recommendation ITU-R BS.461.
The stereo coder in the lower branch of figure 2.1 is set up in such a way that only the preemphasis network is used. This is realised by setting the operation mode of the stereo coder to mono and by switching the four dip switch on the circuit board to the off position. The matching amplifiers in the upper and lower branch are used to go from unbalanced (output of the signal and noise generator) to balanced (input of the stereo coder) and back from balanced (output of the stereo coder) to unbalanced (input of the multi-source generator). Details of the equipment used in the measuring arrangement depicted in figure 2.1 are listed in the table below. Equipment
Rohde & Schwarz, Noise Generator SUF 2 282.8819.03 Rohde & Schwarz, Generator APN04 IFR, Multisource Generator 2026A C.N. Rood b.v. Electronics, Stereo coder SC2000 Rhode & Schwarz, Modulation Analyzer FMAS 0856.6001.52 C.N. Rood b.v. Electronics, Low Pass Filter 0-15kHz C.N. Rood b.v. Electronics, Matching Ampilfier Type SP-3 Nozema n.v., Matching Network Rohde & Schwarz, RF Relais Matrix PSU 290.8014.02
N6274 N6201 N6427 03E154, 03E154 N6377 N6297, N6298 N6301, N6302 N6242
Table 2.1: Equipment used for measuring the protection ratio according to Recommendation ITU-R BS.641.
The measuring method described in Recommendation ITU-R BS.461 has been fully automated. The procedure for determining a radio-frequency protection ratio curve be can be split up in the following three steps:

Page 13

FM receiver study 1 Setting up the wanted transmitter (Determination of the reference level). Source A of the multi-source generator, which represents the wanted transmitter, is frequency modulated with a 500 Hz sinusoidal tone. The output level of the tone generator is adjusted to obtain a frequency deviation of 75kHz, including the pilot tone in stereophonic operation. The QUASI-PEAK reading of the modulation analyzer, with the weighting network switched off (i.e. CCIR UNWEIGHTED) indicates the reference level. This reference level corresponds to 0 dB. 2 - Setting up the unwanted transmitter. Source B of the multi-source generator, which represents the unwanted transmitter, is modulated with a 500 Hz sinusoidal tone obtained from tone generator. The output level of the tone generator is adjusted to obtain a deviation of 32 kHz. The audio-frequency level at the input of the unwanted transmitter before pre-emphasis is measured by means of the modulation analyzer (noise meter U). The noise-weighting network is switched off (i.e. CCIR UNWEIGHTED). Next a noise signal obtained from the noise generator replaces the sinusoidal tone and its output level is adjusted to obtain the same QUASI-PEAK reading as before at the noise meter. 3 - Measuring the radio-frequency protection ratio curve. The following procedure is repeated for channel spacings ranging from 0 to 400 kHz, in steps of 50 kHz, between the wanted and unwanted transmitter: The output level of the unwanted transmitter is adjusted to obtain an audio-frequency signalto-interference ratio of 40 dB at the audio-frequency output of the receiver. In this case, the weighting network of the modulation analyzer must be switched in (i.e. CCIR WEIGHTED) and the QUASI-PEAK detector must be selected. The ratio between the radio-frequency levels of the wanted and unwanted transmitters is the required radio-frequency wanted-tointerfering signal ratio. 2.4 Results

FM receiver study The selection of the average receiver is based on the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from the mean and the median. These mean absolute deviations are calculated for channel spacings ranging from 400 kHz to 400 kHz in 50 kHz steps. The results are listed in table 2.7. Reciever
Kenwood KDC-3024A Panasonic CQ-RDP162N Panasonic CQ-RDP003N Becker Mexico Pro CD 4627 Blaupunkt Woodstock DAB 52 Supertech AR-921 CD Jvc KD-SX997R Jvc KS-FX480REX Vdo Dayton CD 2200 Sanyo DTA-300M Philips AZ3012 Sanyo DC-DA1000 Sony CFD-S550L/SC Thomson RR 600CD Digitalway FD100 Philips AZT9500 Sony ICF-C1200 United DM2595-2 Aiwa HS-RM539 Sony WM-FX491

Mad mean

22,3 10,8 20,3 19,4 24,6 5,9 20,4 21,4 6,4 16,4 5,8 4,6 22,9 8,6 16,4 10,7 16,1 23,4 14,3 17,7

Mad median

23,8 11,9 21,7 20,8 26,2 3,5 21,8 22,8 7,5 14,8 6,1 3,6 21,3 7,0 13,4 9,3 14,7 22,0 12,8 16,0
Table 2.1: Mean average deviation (mad) from the mean and the median.
The Sanyo DC-DA1000 has the lowest mean average deviation from the mean and the second lowest mean average deviation from the median. Therefore, this receiver is selected as reference receiver. In comparison with the ITU Recommendation BS.641 this study uses a different start and stop value for the audio-frequency signal-to-noise ratio. Due to these different values it is not possible to compare the protection ratio curve of the Sanyo DC-DA1000 with the curve from ITU Recommendation BS.412-9. It is however possible to compare the Sanyo DC-DA1000 with the Zero-Base reference receiver, the NAD1600. To make this comparison possible the radio-frequency protection ratio curve of the Zero-Base reference receiver was recorded with the same start and stop values as were used for receiver listed in tables 2.1 to 2.3. Figure 2.1 depicts the protection ratio curves of the Sanyo DCDA1000 together with the protection ratio curve of the Zero-Base reference receiver, the average and median protection ratio curve from this study.

Page 17

AVERAGE RECEIVER M EDIAN RECEIVER SANYO DC-DA1000 [P ] ZEROBASE REFERENCE RECEIVE R
Figure 2.1: Comparison between the Zero-Base reference receiver, the Sanyo DC-DA1000, the mean and the median receiver of this study.
2.6 Selection of the good and the bad receiver Besides the reference receiver, a good and bad receiver will be used for recording sound samples. It is preferred that the good, average and bad receiver each belong to a different category. Therefore, the good and the bad receiver will be selected from a category other than portables. Since car radios are better receivers than walkmans the good receiver will be selected from the category car radios. Consequently, the bad receiver will be selected from the category walkmans. The fact that the good receiver doesnt have to be the best receiver makes the selection of a good receiver somewhat arbitrary. The same holds for the selection of the bad receiver. Considering the shape and position of the protection ratio curves with regard to the reference radio-frequency protection ratio curve three receivers were considered as good receivers and three as bad receivers. Candidates for the title good receiver are: The Jvc KD-SX997R, the Jvc KS-FX480REX and the Blaupunkt Woodstock DAB52. Candidates for the title bad receiver are: the United DM2595-2, the Sony ICF-C1200 and the Sony WM-FX491. In mutual agreement the Blaupunkt Woodstock DAB52 car radio was selected as good receiver and the Sony WM-FX491 was selected as bad receiver. The protection ratio curves of the good and bad receiver are depicted in figure 2.4.

AUDIO SPLITTER

FREQUENCY REFERENCE

(B) Figure 3.1: Measuring arrangement for the recording of sound samples. (A) measuring arrangement for the conventional network configuration. (B): measuring arrangement for the network configurations same programme and synchro.
The frequency of the wanted transmitter is set to 100 MHz, the frequency of the interfering transmitter is equal to the frequency of the wanted transmitter plus the frequency difference. The situation where the interfering frequency is higher than the wanted frequency corresponds to the right-hand side of the protection ratio curves. The wanted and interfering transmitter are modulated in accordance with Swiss regulation. The requirement that maximum 10% of the Page 21
FM receiver study instantaneous frequency deviations must lie in the interval from 75 to 85 kHz turned out to be leading. 3.2 Source sound samples Source sound samples are the sound samples that are used to frequency modulate the transmitters. Three different types of source sound samples are used. The first type is speech. For this type a fragment from the Dutch radio station Radio 1 is taken. The second and third type are respectively pop/rock and classical music. For Pop/rock a fragment of Need you tonight by INXS is taken. For classical music a fragment of Der Nussbaum by Vesselina Kassarova is used. All fragment are about one minute in length. 3.3 Sound sampled recorded with the reference receiver The reference receiver is used to record sound samples with speech and classical music as wanted signal. This is done for all three network configurations. The different conditions per network mode - frequency difference, delay and signal to noise ratio - that are used are listed in tables 3.2 to3.4. Network configuration: conventional f[kHz] 100 200
12;18;4;30;36;42;48 -12;-6;0;6;12

Delay[s] 50

36; 42; 48; 54

-30;-24;-18;-12

Table 3.1: Overview of the different conditions used for the recording of sound samples for the conventional network configuration. The cells in this table list the signal to noise ratios in dB that were used for a specific combination of frequency difference and delay.

9, 15, 21, 27, 33

FM receiver study display using a keyboard. The presentation of the sample was followed by a warning signal to warn the participants that they should enter their ratings (there was a 2-sec interval between samples). Each sample was presented only once. The participants were tested in groups of 3 or 4, in separate testing booths with individual headphones. For each group of participants, the order of the speech samples (MOS run 1) and of the classical music samples (MOS run 2) was different. About twenty (half) of the participants started with the speech samples and the other participants with the classical music samples. Prior to each MOS run, the participants were presented with eight practice trials to familiarize them with the experimental procedure and with the quality range for both the speech and classical music samples to be expected in the experiment. In total, the MOS test (2 runs) took approximately 25 minutes, including a short break. 4.3 Analysis and results of the pairwise comparison For each participant, the preference matrix of the samples was determined. Table 4.1 illustrates an artificial comparison between five samples. A cell value of 1 indicates that the column variable is preferred over the row variable, a cell value of 0 indicates that the row variable is preferred. The sum of the column reflects the number of times the column variable is preferred over all row variables. Sample A B C D E Column total A 3 B 0 Preference C 4
Table 4.1: Quality preference matrix based on an artificial pairwise comparison of five samples.
A cumulative preference matrix of the preference matrices of all participants was calculated for each network configuration, and for speech and classical music separately. In order to determine the rank order of the samples and to normalize the distances between rankings, we constructed a new matrix from the cumulative preference matrix in which the proportion of times a sample was preferred above another is depicted. Then we converted the proportions into Z-scores using the cumulative normal distribution. In order to get an idea of the spread of the Z-scores caused by the individuals participants and to be able to perform statistical analyses on these data, we applied the Quenouille-Tukey-jackknife method. According to this simulation procedure, we calculated the Z-scores 40 times (40 listeners participated in the experiment) by leaving out the data from one participant each time. With the obtained Zscores it is now possible to rank order the sample conditions within each network configuration. In order to obtain one rank order that includes the results of the three network configurations, we re-scaled the data. For this purpose we used the Z-scores for the best (ref1) and worst references (ref4) to derive the translation and scaling factors, because these anchor points were included in each of the PWC runs

5.3.1 Comparison The results from the protection ratio measurements for the same programme case and for the selected reference receiver are compared with the ITU values in the Table 5.1. f [kHz]

-3 -13

-9 -17
Table 5.1: Comparison between the protection rations from recommendation ITU-R BS.412-9 and those based on the subjective tests for same programme networks.
Conclusions regarding same programme networks
The following conclusions can be drawn: The results of the subjective tests for the network condition same programme show a considerable improvement compared to the ITU values which are for wanted and interfering signals having different programmes, also taking into account that the test conditions (wanted signal speech, unwanted signal pop/rock) are much more unfavourable than the conditions assumed for the ITU results. No reliable result could be found for 0 kHz, grade 3. Extrapolation of the results in the table above would lead to about 19 dB. Page 34
FM receiver study For frequency planning of transmitters carrying the same programme it is advised to use the protection ratios based on MOS score3,5 in case of steady interference. Furthermore the considerations of section 5.2.2 should be taken into account. For frequency planning of transmitters carrying the same programme it is advised to use the protection ratios based on MOS score3,0 in case of tropospheric interference. Furthermore the considerations of section 5.2.2 should be taken into account. Considerations on protection ratios for HF-synchro networks
5.4.1 Comparison The preliminary results from the protection ratio measurements for the synchronised case and for the selected reference receiver are compared with the ITU values in the table 7.4 in case of a frequency difference of 0 kHz. For reference also the values for same programme measured with a delay of 50 s are indicated between brackets. Delay [s]

26 (19)

Table 5.1: Comparison between the protection rations from recommendation ITU-R BS.412-9 and those based on the subjective tests for HF-synchro for f=0kHz. The values between brackets represent the values for network configuration same programme under the same conditions.
Conclusions regarding HF-synchro networks
The following conclusions can be drawn: The results of the subjective tests for the network condition hf-synchro show a considerable improvement compared to the ITU values which are for wanted and interfering signals having different programmes, also taking into account that the test conditions (wanted signal speech, unwanted signal pop/rock) are much more unfavourable than the conditions assumed for the ITU results. Although it was expected that the results for synchronised transmissions with a delay of 50 s would be similar as those for same programme, the protection ratio in the synchronised case appears to be higher. Although an increase in protection ratio with delay time had been expected, the results show in particular for the 0 s case an relative high value. The results for the delays 0, 20 and 50 s are relatively close to each other, statistical analysis has shown that there is no significant difference. As synchronised transmitters are more complicated to operate and the results are not significantly better than same programme it is advised not to use synchronised transmitters for achieving a higher frequency efficiency, but in stead same programme. Page 35

FM receiver study Consequently more interference may need to be accepted from neighbouring countries, unless specific bi-lateral agreements have been made. It is advisable to make such bi-lateral agreements before national planning starts in order to take into account possible limitations resulting from interference to neighbouring countries in a proper way. 5.5.4 General observations The three tested categories of receivers show clearly different results. In general portable receivers have an average performance, car radios show a better audio signal-to-noise ratio and are more selective. Walkman radios are worse in audio performance and selectivity. It could be considered to create two sets of planning criteria (as is proposed for T-DAB in relation to the RRC). One set for portable reception and one set for mobile reception. Coverage areas could, as far as possible, be optimised for portable reception in urban areas and mobile reception on motorways and major roads. Planning criteria suitable for walkman radios would result in very spectrum demanding frequency plans. The more pragmatic approach is not to plan for reception by walkman radios and leave it to the user if and where to use these kind of receivers. However, if more dense FM networks are planned reception on walkman radios may become more limited than at present.

Page 37

6 Comparison with zero-base results in The Netherlands
6.1 General The results from this study show somewhat different results than those from the zero-base FM study in The Netherlands. It should be noted that the starting points for both studies were different. The main differences are given in the table below. Item Receivers Reference receiver S/N in objective tests Frequency deviation Zero-Base study Tuners, portables and car radios NAD 1600 tuner 50 dB ITU-R SM.1268, annex 1 This study Portables, car radios, walkmantype radios Sanyo DC-DA1000 portable 40 dB ITU-R SM.1268, annex 2
Table 6.1: Differences between the starting point for this study and the Zero-Base study.

Page 40

FM receiver study 3 - Measuring the radio-frequency protection ratio curve. The following procedure is repeated for frequency differences ranging from 500 kHz to 5 MHz in steps of 500 kHz: The output levels of the unwanted transmitters are kept equal and are simultaneously adjusted to obtain an audio-frequency signal-to-interference ratio of 40 dB at the audio-frequency output of the receiver. In this case, the weighting network of the modulation analyzer must be switched in (i.e. CCIR WEIGHTED) and the QUASI-PEAK detector must be selected. The ratio between the radio-frequency levels of the wanted and unwanted transmitters is the required radio-frequency wanted-to-interfering signal ratio. 7.2 Results The high signal performance tests are executed for two receivers from the category portables a handhelds. For the first category the Sanyo DC-DA1000 and the Sony CFD-S550L are tested, for the second category the Philips AZT9500 and the Sony WM-FX491.

Sanyo DC-DA1000

0 -1 --10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 f [MHz]

wtisr [dB]

30dBpW 50dBpW 70dBpW
Figure 7.1: Radio-frequency wanted-to-interfering signal ratio as a function of frequency difference for the Sanyo receiver.

Sony CFD-S550L

wtisr [dB] -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 --10 -15 -20 f [MHz] 5 30dBpW 50dBpW 70dBpW
Figure 7.2: Radio-frequency wanted-to-interfering signal ratio as a function of frequency difference for the Sony receiver.

Page 41

Philips AZT9500
Figure 7.3: Radio-frequency wanted-to-interfering signal ratio as a function of frequency difference for the Philips receiver.
wtisr [dB] -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -5 50dBpW 70dBpW

-10 f [MHz]

Figure 7.4: Radio-frequency wanted-to-interfering signal ratio as a function of frequency difference for the Philips receiver.
The results clearly indicate that inter-modulation products significantly deteriorate the performance of the receiver under test. The frequencies of the second and third order intermodulation product, expressed in in fw and f, can found in table below. Order of the IM products Second Third Frequencies of the IM-products f, 2f, 2fw, 2f w+f, 2fw+2f, 2f w+3f ,2fw+4f fw-2f, f w-f, fw, f w+f, f w+2f, fw+3f, f w+4f, 3fw, 3f w+f, 3fw+2f, 3fw+3f, 3f w+4f, 3fw+5f, 3f w+6f
Table 7.1: Frequencies of the first, second and third order inter-modulation products for the choice of frequencies in accordance with (1).
From this table it can be seen that the inter-modulation effects are caused by third order intermodulation products. The effect of these third order inter-modulation products is most noticeable when they are located in the pass-band of the receiver.

8.2.2 RDS switching behavior due to multipath The level of sources A and B is set to 60 dBV. The radio-frequency level of source C at the time of switch over is given in table 8.4. Receiver
90,0&105,0 90,0&90,3 105,0&90,0 90,0&89,7
Table 8.1: Results for RDS switching behaviour due to multipath. The value in the cell is the radio-frequency level, in dBV, of source C when the receiver switches from source A to source B.
In general all receivers, except the Jvc KS-FX480REX, show a comparable multipath behaviour.

Page 46

Appendix A: Detailed results of the protection ratio measurements
Tof Rf-w2isr max Wt-rfl: rfw2isr max M/s Ut-afl: dev=32 kHz Wt-afl: afs2ir=46 dB Ut-dev Wt-dev Wt-rfl: SNR=20dB Wt-rfl: SNR=20dB corrected Wt-rfl: afs2ir=46 dB Rf-w2isr: df= 400 kHz Type of feed. The following tof were used:1-Direct feed (D), 2-Indirect feed using an alligator clip (I-AC) and 3-Indirect feed using a wire antenna (I-W). The maximum radio-frequency wanted-to- interfering signal ratio. The radio-frequency level of the wanted transmitter to obtain the maximum radio- frequency wanted-to-interfering signal ratio. Mono/stereo. The audio frequency level of the unwanted transmitter to obtain a frequency deviation of 32 kHz. The audio frequency level of the wanted transmitter to obtain a audio- frequency signal-to- interference ratio of 46 dB. The frequency deviation of the unwanted transmitter. The frequency deviation of the wanted transmitter. The radio frequency level of the wanted transmitter to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB. The corrected, due to using an indirect feed, radio frequency level of the wanted transmitter to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB. The radio frequency level of the wanted transmitter to obtain a audio- frequency signal- to-interference ratio of 46 dB. The radio-frequency wanted-to- interfering signal ratio for a frequency difference between the wanted and unwanted transmitter of 400 kHz.
Table A.1: Detailed results of the radio-frequency protection ratio measurements.

Appendix B: Example of a same programme network
Table B.1: Example of a same programme network in The Netherlands
Appendix C: Reception problems due to inter-modulation
An FM site in Rotterdam transmits the frequencies indicated in the table 1 below. Station Radio TV West Business News Radio RTV Rijnmond Noordzee FM Sky Radio Radio 538 Veronica RTL FM
Table C.1: FM transmissions fromRotterdam
f (MHz) 89.3 91.3 93.4 100.4 101.5 102.7 103.2 104.6
The ERP on 102.7 MHz is highest (100 kW) and within about 6.5 km from the transmitter the field strength is 95 dBV/m or more. FM networks Radio 1, 2 and 3 are not transmitted from the site in Rotterdam, but from Lopik about 45 km away. The field strength of the Lopik transmissions near the site in Rotterdam is about 61 dBV/m. Reception of Radio 1, 2 and 3 is interfered by third order inter-modulation products within 6.5 km from the Rotterdam site as indicated in table 2. Station Radio 1 Radio 2 Radio 3 Frequency (MHz) 98.9 92.6 96.8 Frequency of 3rd order inter-modulation-products (MHz) 98.6 98.7 99.0 99.1 99.2 92.3 92.4 92.5 92.7 92.9 96.5 97.0 97.1
Table C.2: Frequency of the third order inter-modulation products near Rotterdam.
Frequencies could not be changed and the solution was to install at the Rotterdam site three fill-in transmitters to improve coverage of Radio 1, 2 and 3. It was not possible to find intermodulation free frequencies for the fill-in transmitters. Consequently the ERP of the fill-in transmissions should be high enough to respect the required protection ratios in case of high signal performance.
Appendix D: Photographs of tested receivers

KENWOOD KDC-3024A

PANASONIC CQ-RDP162N
BECKER MEXICO PRO CD 4627
BLAUPUNKT WOODSTOCK DAB 52

SUPERTECH AR-921 CD

Car radios continued

JVC KD-SX997R

JVC KS-FX480REX

SONY CDX-M850MP

Table D. 1: Photographs of the tested car radios.

VDO DAYTON CD 2200

SANYO DTA-300M

GRUNDIG LUNA RP 9200 PPL

Portables continued

GRUNDIG OCEAN BOY 350

PANASONIC RX-EX1

PHILIPS AZ3012

SANYO DC-DA1000

SONY CFD-S550L/SC

SONY ICF-C743L

THOMSON AM1180

Table D. 2: Photographs of the tested portables.

THOMSON RR 600CD

SONY ICF-M33RDS

GRUNDIG CITY BOY 52

DIGITALWAY FD100

NOKIA 8310

Handhelds continued

PHILIPS AZT9500

SAMSUNG YP-90S

SONY ICF-C1200

UNITED DM2595-2

AIWA HS-RM539

Table D. 3: Photographs of the tested handhelds.

SONY WM-FX491

ICF-C1200

SERVICE MANUAL

Ver 1.0 2001.03
US Model AEP Model E Model Tourist Model

SPECIFICATIONS

FM STEREO/AM PLL SYNTHESIZED RADIO

9-873-106-11

2001C0200-1 2001.3

Sony Corporation

Audio Entertainment Group General Engineering Dept.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Specifications... 1 Notes on chip component replacement Never reuse a disconnected chip component. Notice that the minus side of a tantalum capacitor may be damaged by heat.
1. GENERAL... 2 2. DISASSEMBLY

2-1. Main Board... 3

UNLEADED SOLDER
Boards requiring use of unleaded solder are printed with the lead-free mark (LF) indicating the solder contains no lead. (Caution: Some printed circuit boards may not come printed with the lead free mark due to their particular size.)
3. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS

3-1. Tuner Section.. 4

4. DIAGRAMS
4-1. Explanation of IC Terminals.. 6 4-2. Block Diagram.. 7 4-3. Printed Wiring Boards Main Section (1/2) (Side A) .. 8 4-4. Printed Wiring Boards Main Section (2/2) (Side B) .. 9 4-5. Schematic Diagram... 10

: LEAD FREE MARK

Unleaded solder has the following characteristics. Unleaded solder melts at a temperature about 40C higher than ordinary solder. Ordinary soldering irons can be used but the iron tip has to be applied to the solder joint for a slightly longer time. Soldering irons using a temperature regulator should be set to about 350C. Caution: The printed pattern (copper foil) may peel away if the heated tip is applied for too long, so be careful! Strong viscosity Unleaded solder is more viscous (sticky, less prone to flow) than ordinary solder so use caution not to let solder bridges occur such as on IC pins, etc. Usable with ordinary solder It is best to use only unleaded solder but unleaded solder may also be added to ordinary solder.

5. EXPLODED VIEWS

5-1. Main Section... 13
6. ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST.. 14

SECTION 1 GENERAL

LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF CONTROLS
This section is extracted from instruction manual.

SECTION 2 DISASSEMBLY

Note : Follow the disassembly procedure in the numerical order given.

2-1. MAIN BOARD

2 Screws (1.4X6 tapping)

5 Claw

ANT101
Screws (1.4) 5 Claw 5 Claw

Cabinet (rear) ASSY

Caution during assembly Align the hold switch(S301) to the knob(HOLD). 6

Main board

7 Remove solder (three places) 8

Brown Black

Knob (HOLD)

Cabinet (front) ASSY

SECTION 3 ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS
FM FREQUENCY COVERAGE CONFIRMATION

3-1.TUNER SECTION

AM Section 0dB=1V
Adjust part Frequency display Confirmation Confirmation 87.5MHz 108MHz
BAND button : AM Volume : MIN
Put the lead-wire antenna close to the set.
reading on digital voltmeter 3.0 to 4.0V 9.5 to 10.5V

FM TRACKING ADJUSTMENT

AM RF signal generator
Adjust for a maximum reading on level meter. L103 87.5MHz CT102 108MHz
Frequency Coverage Adjustment
30% amplitude modulation by 400Hz signal. Output level : as low as possible

FM Section

Connect Location :
Digital voltmeter 100K TP (VT)
BAND button : FM Volume : MIN
FM RF signal generator 0.01 uF telescopic antenna terminal

MAIN BOARD (SIDE A)

TP (VT)
level meter 32 set J201 (phones)

S308 (JOG SWITCH)

Q402 BCE R404
Adjustment Location : Main board (See page 5)
Repeat the procedures in each adjustment several times, and the frequency coverage and tracking adjustments should be finally done by the trimmer capacitors. < > : US model

AM IF ADJUSTMENT Adjust for a maximum reading on level meter. T101 1485kHz <1480kHz> AM FREQUENCY COVERAGE ADJUSTMENT

Adjust part L105

reading on digital voltmeter. Adjustment value: 2.7V 531kHz <530kHz> Standaed value: 2.5 to 2.9V Frequency display

AM TRACKING ADJUSTMENT

Adjust for a maximum reading on level meter. L 102 585kHz <580kHz> CT101 1,485kHz <1,480kHz>
22.5kHz frequency deviation by 400Hz signal. Output level : as low as possible

BAT401 PAS

ECB C406 R402 C407

R314 R315 D402

C412 T401
VCO Adjustment Procedure :
FM RF signal generator 0.01 F set Carrier frequency : 98MHz Modulation : No modulation Output level : 1.38mV (55dB) telescopic antenna terminal
1. Connect the frequency counter to TP (76k) and TP (3V) as shown the figure below. 2. Turn the set to 98MHz. 3. Adjust RV101 for 76kHz reading frequency counter. Standard value:75.5kHz to 76.5kHz.

frequency counter 1F

33k TP(3V)

TP1 (76k)

D109 L101

CT102 L104 C108

R113 R129 R112 C122

D108 C113

CF101 C118 C202 T101

BCE Q201

TP (76K)

TP (3V)

Adjustment Location: [MAIN BOARD] (SIDE A)
L102: AM Tracking Adjustment
CT101: AM Tracking Adjustment
L105: AM Frequvency Coverage Adjustment RV101: VCO Adjustment
L103: FM Tracking Adjustment
T101: AM IF Adjustment CT102: FM Tracking Adjustment

SECTION 4 DIAGRAMS

4-1. EXPLANATION OF IC TERMINALS
IC301 TC9328AF-SR7491 (System control, LCD driver) Pin No. 1-4 5-28-32-64 65-RESET XOUT XIN GND VDB C1 C2 VEE C3 C4 VLCD SP BEEP LIGHT ST/MO AL SW1 AL SW2 AL SW3 VDET ID ID GND FM IN AM IN VDD D01 D02 VREG Pin name COM1-4 S1-S22 HOLD SW KR1-3 VDD KR1-3 POWER BEEP MUTE WAKE UP LCD BAND TEST HOLD INTR1 INTR2 I/O O O I I O O O O O I O I I I I O I I I I I I O O O I O I LCD common output. LCD segment output. HOLD switch input. ON:L OFF:H Key return input. Power supply terminal. Key souce output. Power ON control signal output. ON:L OFF:H Beep signal output. Mute signal output. Alarm output at volume control min. ON:L OFF:H LCD check test mode setting input. Band select signal output. AM:H Not used (Fixed at "L"). Not used (Fixed at "L"). 1.9V voltage detection terminal. Radio OFF :L 1.1V voltage detection terminal. All OFF :L Not used (OPEN). Not used (OPEN). Ground terminal. FM local oscillator signal input. AM local oscillator signal input. Power supply terminal. Not used (OPEN). Tuning voltage control output. Regulator output for phase compalator. Not used (OPEN). ALARM switch input (OFF). ALARM switch input (RADIO). ALARM switch input (BUZZER). 2.1V voltage detection input. Destination select input. Destination select input. Not used (OPEN). Beep signal output. LCD back light ON/OFF output. Stereo/Mono select output. Not used (OPEN). Reset signal input. Oscillator output (75kHz). Oscillator input (75kHz). Ground terminal. Capacitor terminal. Capacitor terminal. Capacitor terminal. Voltage pull-up terminal. Capacitor terminal. Capacitor terminal. Voltage pull-up terminal. FM:L Description

4-2. BLOCK DIAGRAMS

ANT101 TELESCOPIC ANTENNA CF101 D101 FM RF IN Q101 L103 FM ( RF ) L103,CT102 FM TRACKING AM IF CF102 PILOT DET LPF2 REG VOL CT102 D103 FM RF FM FRONT-END

VOL, POWER AMP

MPX, DECODER AMP R_CH L_CH IN2 POWER AMP VOL REG OUT2 IN1 POWER AMP OUT1 SP101 SPEAKER J201

FM/AM FE OUT

AM_IF IN

FM IF/ DISCRI

FM_IF IN

AM IF/ DET

BUFFER Q102
L104 FM FREQUENCY COVERAGE L102 AM FERRITE-BAR ANTENNA L102,CT101 AM TRACKING

L104 FM OSC

PILOT DET FM_OSC FM OSC FM/AM FRONT-END,IF AMP, DET,FM MPX

BEEP Q203,204

Q205 SPEAKER BEEP

VREF CT101

AM RF IN

AM FRONT-END

GATE LPF1 VCO Q104 Q202 Q201
MPX REG BAND SELECT MPX REG PLL LPF

L105 AM (OSC )

L105 AM FREQUENCY COVERAGE VREF
AM_OSC AM OSC REG REG Q103
RV201 RV101 VCO D107 D106 VOL

T401 VCC

LPF Q302 BACK UP
Q401,402 DC-DC CONVERTER XIN

X301 75kHz

OFF RADIO BUZZER HOLD OFF ON AL SW1 AL SW2 AL SW3

SYSTEM CONTROL

KS1 KS2 KS3 KR1 KR2 KR3

5 - 26

US,AEP,E
LCD301 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY D301,302 LCD BACK LIGHT

KEY MATRIX S302-310

2.1V VOLTAGE DETECT

1.1V VOLTAGE DETECT

1.9V VOLTAGE DETECT
HOLD SW RESET COM0 COM4 S1 S22 INTR2 VDET ID ID

BACK UP

VCC +B SWITCH Q403,404 DRY BATTERY SIZE"AAA" (IEC DESIGNATION R03) 2PCS,3V

LED DRIVER Q303

BATT BATT
D304 BACK UP BACK UP D401 BAT401 PAS (+1.2V) +1.5V REG
Signal path. F : Analog f : Digital Abbreviation JE : Tourist

SP BEEP

S311 ALARM MODE

WAKEUP

4-3. PRINTED WIRING BOARDS MAIN SECTION (1/2) (SIDE A) : Uses unleaded solder.

4 SP101 SPEAKER

A S310 BAND /ENT

Semiconductor Location

Ref. No. D109 D303 D304 D401 D402 Location C-6 B-4 B-4 C-5 B-3 B-2 C-6 C-3 B-4 C-5 B-4 B-5 D-5 D-6 C-6 B-5 B-6 D-2 D-2 B-3 B-2 B-2 D-5 D-5

BAT401 PAS B

R401 R316
L102 AM FERRITE-BAR ANTENNA
D403 IC201 IC301 IC302 IC303 IC304 IC305 IC401

C311 Q302 R317

S308. (JOG SWITCH)

BCE R392

C303 C309

RV201 VOL w

D303 D304
C409 R341 R349 R313 R328 R329 R331

R339 R340

R389 C308 R345 RC326

2 R342

C216 R212

Q401 C408

IC302 R318

R319 1

CT101 R343 R346 R350 C324 Q203 Q204

R131 L103

R308 R306 R307 R388 30R305 R304 25R303
C306 C305 C304 R337 R322 R302 R377 R301 R376 R375
IC304 IC305 R312 R310 IC303 R311 R309
C210 C208 D109 L101 CT102 L104 C113 C108
S311 ALARM MODE OFF RADIO BUZZER

C114 RV101

Q201 Q202 Q203 Q204 Q205 Q206 Q302 Q401 Q402 Q403 Q404

C314 C317 C318

4 CR406

20 R387

R323 C328 R338

R390 C316

IC401 R204
34 R379 R332 R333 C403 D401 R327

C313 C312

R372 R373

R124 R119

R352 R353 R354 R355 R356 R357 R358 R359 R360 R361 R362 R363 R364 R365 R366 R367 R368 R369 R370 R371

1-681-238-

13 (13)
R337 US,JE MODEL R322 JE MODEL US,AEP,E MODEL AEP,E MODEL
DRY BATTERY SIZE "AAA" (IEC DESIGNATION R03) 2PCS, 3V

R323 R338

Note : X : parts extracted from the component side. z : Through hole. : Pattern from the side which enables seeing. (The other layers' patterns are not indicated.) Caution: Pattern face side: Parts on the pattern face side seen from the (Side B) pattern face are indicated. Parts face side: Parts on the parts face side seen from the (Side A) parts face are indicated. Abbreviation JE : Tourist
4-4. PRINTED WIRING BOARDS MAIN SECTION (2/2) (SIDE B)

: Uses unleaded solder.

MAIN BOARD (SIDE B)
ANT1 FM TELESCOPIC ANTENNA

R130 C101

S307 LIGHT

S305 WORLD/ LOCAL

S301 HOLD OFF ON S306 SNOOZE

S304 MENU

Ref. No. Location A-1 B-1 C-2 C-2 D-8 B-1 D-1 C-3 B-3 C-2 B-1 C-2 D-2 D-1 D-3

R107 R125 R103 R102

S309 (JOG SWITCH).
D101 D102 D103 D104 D105 D106 D107 D301 D302 IC101

R106 C105 C106

D302 (BACK LIGHT) C107
S302 RADIO ON/SLEEP S303 OFF

ECB C116 C117 R114 C115

R109 C110 R110 C111 C112 R111 R128

R384 R385 R386

R336 L106 R116 CF103 D301 (BACK LIGHT)

Q101 Q102 Q103 Q104 Q303

L203 L201

R117 C124

R118 C125

R120 C126

LCD101

13 (13) J201 i

4-5. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Refer to page 11 for Notes.
Refer to page 11 for IC Block Diagrams.
Refer to page 11 for Waveforms.
RC105 0.022 D102 -1 SVG347S L102 AM FERRITE-BAR ANTENNA L102,CT101 R101 470k R125 470k R103 10k RC101 1000p R102 100k D101 MA77 C102 1000p C104 0.01 AM TRACKING

R106 10k

R107 100k
R109 100k *D103 HVC202BTRU HVC363BTRU D103 *
*C111 US,AEP,E MODEL 10p JE MODEL 2p

R104 1k

C107 1000p
US,AEP,E MODEL JE MODEL L103,CT102 FM TRACKING
C110 1000p C111 * RC109 0.01 D104 * *D104
R108 3.3k L104 FM FREQUENCY COVERAGE C112 US,AEP,E MODEL JE MODEL 2p R110 22k

D102 -2 SVG347S

R114 1M

C115 15p C116 22p

L105 AM FREQUENCY COVERAGE
ANT101 FM TELESCOPIC ANTENNA

C106 3p

Q102 2SC4627 BUFFER R111 220

C117 82p RR115 2.2k

HVC202BTRU HVC363BTRU

L101 0.1uH

R131 1k
R129 C113 4.7 4V RV101 22k VCO

R113 10k C4V

R112 100

C103 4p

R201 47k

R202 4.7k

R205 47k
R121 2.2k Q101 2SD2216 FM MUTE C127 0.47

Q201 2SB1462 SWITCH

RV201 20k VOL

R204 4.7k

Q202 2SB1462 SWITCH

VCO MPX REG

FM DISCRI

GND_FE

FM RF IN

AM_OSC

FM_OSC

PLL LPF GND

C128 1.7 4V

IC101 CXA1238N

AGC/ AFC2

AGC/ AFC1

R_CH ST IND VCO CHECK PILOT DET LPF2 PILOT DET LPF1
BAND SELECT AM_IF IN FM_IF IN INO TUNE GND

RIPPLE FILTER VCC

FM/AM FRONT-END,IF AMP, DET,FM MPX

C205 1

C206 1

C4V C201 1

C207 1

R203 1.8k

C204 0.1

C217 100p

SP101 SPEAKER (R-CH)

R124 470k

IC102 CXA1522N D107 RB521S

P-GND1

Q103 UN9210 BAND SWITCH

R120 33k

R206 220

L202 4.7uH

R207 220

R381 10

R346 1M
R383 1k R385 1k R386 1k S311 ALARM MODE

C402 1000p

C403 1
OFF JE RADIO +1.5V REG BUZZER R384 1k RRD304 RB521S R343 10k CC406 10p Q401 2SD2216 Q401,402 DC-DC CONVERTER Q402 2SD2216 D402 MA2S111 R401 1k C405 10p T401
D301 SL1-343YCT RD301,302 LCD ( BACK LIGHT )

D302 SL1-343YCT R336 100

C301 0.1

R315 220k R392 0

Q302 2SD2216 LPF

C303 1000p

D303 RB521S R318 10k
CR319 1M IC302 S-80819ANNP IC304 R XC61CN1102N

R349 1k R350 1M

C328 0.1
RR402 220k D403 MA8130 R403 100k C407 0.1 R404 47k C4V Q403 UN9210 CC412 0.1 Q404 2SB815 Q403,404 +B SWITCH CDRY BATTERY SIZE"AAA" (IEC DESIGNATION R03) 2PCS,3V R406 2.2k

R342 1M

C308 C309

1000p 0.01

C411 1
Note on Schematic Diagram: MAIN SECTION All capacitors are in F unless otherwise noted. pF: F 50 WV or less are not indicated except for electrolytics and tantalums. All resistors are in and 1/4 W or less unless otherwise specified. f : internal component. : B+ Line. H : adjustment for repair. Power voltage is dc 3V and fed with regulated dc power supply from battery terminal. Voltages and waveforms are dc with respect to ground under no-signal (detuned) conditions. no mark : FM ( ) : AM Voltages are taken with a VOM (Input impedance 10 M). Voltage variations may be noted due to normal production tolerances. Waveforms are taken with a oscilloscope. Voltage variations may be noted due to normal production tolerances. Circled numbers refer to waveforms. Signal path. F : Analog f : Digital Abbreviation JE : Tourist

z Waveforms

1.3Vp-p

IC301 ua

VOLT/DIV : 0.5 V AC TIME/DIV : 2 sec

33Vp-p

190nsec
VOLT/DIV : 10 V AC TIME/DIV : 0.2 sec
VOLT/DIV : 1 V AC TIME/DIV : 0.2 sec

Q401 C

IC BLOCK DIAGRAMS IC101 CX1238N-T4
REG 1.25V MPX REG AM RF IN FM RF IN AM OSC PLL LPF FM OSC

FE GND

FM FRONT-END AM FRONT-END REG
MPX REG. 1/2 COUNTER 1/2 COUNTER PD1 PD2
FM IF/ DISCRI AM IF/DET AUTOBLEND TUNING INDICATOR

MONO/ST SELECT

MUTING RIPPLE FILTER 9 BAND PASS MUTE

DECODER AMP 5 6

FM IF IN

R CH OUT

AGC AFC

L CH OUT

PILOT LPF

AFC/AGC

AM IF IN

RIPPLE FILTER

PLL LPF

TUNING

IC201 CXA1522N-T4
P-GND1 GND1 OUT1 REG VCC VOL NF1 IN1
PRE+POWER1 REG VOL PRE+POWER2

BAND SELECT

FM DISCRI MUTE

SECTION 5 EXPLODED VIEWS

NOTE : -XX, -X mean standardized parts, so they may have some difference from the original one. Items marked * are not stocked since they are seldom required for routine service. Some delay should be anticipated when ordering these items. The mechanical parts with no reference number in the exploded views are not supplied. Hardware (# mark) list and accessories and packing materials are given in the last of this parts list. Abbrebiation JE : Tourist

5-1. MAIN SECTION

not supplied
COMBINED PARTS (The order with a single article is not completed)
Ref. No. Part No. 3-229-726-01 3-229-731-01 Description HOLDER (COMBINED), HOLDER (SP), HOLDER (ANT) BUTTON (COMBINED), KNOB (HOLD), BUTTON (MENU), BUTTON (LIGHT), BUTTON (POWER) Description BUTTON (SNOOZE) HOLDER (JOG) SPRING (JOG), TORSION KNOB (JOG) SPRING (JOG), COMPRESSION BUTTON (ENTER) CAP LUG, 2 PAPER, ADHESIVE (SECONDARY BATTERY) CUSHION (ANT) SHEET (ANT) CUSHION (LIGHT) CUSHION (SNOOZE) SPACER (JOG) CUSHION (BATTERY LID) ANTENNA, TELESCOPIC ANTENNA, FERRITE-BAR (MW) (AM TRACKING) DISPLAY PANEL, LIQUID CRYSTAL SPEAKER (2.8cm) Remark
Ref. No. 7 * 8 * 8 * 12 * 19
Part No. X-3380-789-1 3-309-597-61 3-229-746-01 3-229-729-01 3-309-597-31 3-230-045-01 3-309-597-01 A-3021-421-A A-3021-422-A A-3021-423-A 3-229-743-01 3-229-742-01 1-694-596-11 3-229-725-01 3-229-741-01 7-621-771-06 3-229-730-01 X-3380-788-1 3-229-739-01
Description CABINET,(REAR) ASSY SCREW (1.4X6), TAPPING MAGNET LID, BATTERY CASE SCREW (1.4), TAPPING,PRECISION WASHER SCREW (1.4), TAPPING MAIN BOARD, COMPLETE (JE) MAIN BOARD, COMPLETE (AEP,E) MAIN BOARD, COMPLETE (US) TERMINAL (-), BATTERY TERMINAL (+), BATTERY CONDUCTIVE BOARD, CONNECTION HOLDER (LCD) CASE (LCD), SHIELD SCREW +B 2X5 KNOB (ALARM) CABINET,(FRONT) ASSY CAP

Remark

Ref. No. 34 ANT101 L102 LCD101 SP101
Part No. 3-229-736-01 3-229-740-01 3-229-744-01 3-229-738-01 3-229-745-01 3-229-737-01 3-229-739-11 7-623-505-01 3-232-666-01 3-233-522-01 3-232-963-01 3-233-521-01 3-233-520-01 3-232-964-01 3-232-965-01 1-754-183-11 1-501-974-41 1-804-341-11 1-529-187-11

ICF-C1200 MAIN

NOTE : Due to standardization, replacements in the parts list may be different from the parts specified in the diagrams or the components used on the set. -XX, -X mean standardized parts, so they may have some difference from the original one. RESISTORS All resistors are in ohms METAL : Metal-film resistor METAL OXIDE :Metal oxide-film resistor F : nonflammable Items marked * are not stocked since they are seldom required for routine service. Some delay should be anticipated when ordering these items. Ref. No. Part No. Description
SECTION 6 ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST
SEMICONDUCTORS In each case, u : , for example : uA. : A. , uPA. : PA. uPB. : PB. , uPC. : PC. uPD. : PD. CAPACITORS uF : F COILS uH : H Abbreviation JE : Tourist
Ref. No. C204 C205 C206 C207 C208 C209 C210 C211 C212 C213 C214 C215 C216 C217 C301 C302 C303 C304 C305 C306 C307 C308 C309 C311 C312 C313 C314 C315 C316 C317 C318 C319 C320 C321 C322 C323 C324 C325 C326 C328 C401 C402 C403
Part No. 1-107-820-11 1-125-837-11 1-125-837-91 1-115-156-11 1-125-899-11 1-127-569-11 1-127-569-11 1-164-937-11 1-164-937-11 1-125-837-11 1-125-837-11 1-135-201-11 1-107-820-11 1-164-874-11 1-125-777-11 1-110-501-11 1-164-937-11 1-164-939-11 1-164-939-11 1-164-939-11 1-115-156-11 1-164-937-11 1-164-943-11 1-117-863-11 1-164-854-11 1-164-850-11 1-125-777-11 1-135-201-11 1-125-777-11 1-125-777-11 1-125-777-11 1-125-777-11 1-164-943-11 1-107-820-11 1-107-820-11 1-107-820-11 1-164-937-11 1-164-943-11 1-164-943-11 1-125-777-11
Description CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP TANTAL. CHIP TANTAL. CHIP TANTAL. CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP TANTALUM CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP TANTALUM CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP CERAMIC CHIP 0.1uF 1uF 1uF 1uF 220uF 100uF 100uF 0.001uF 0.001uF 1uF 1uF 10uF 0.1uF 100PF 0.1uF 0.33uF 0.001uF 0.0022uF 0.0022uF 0.0022uF 1uF 0.001uF 0.01uF 0.47uF 15PF 10PF 0.1uF 10uF 0.1uF 0.1uF 0.1uF 0.1uF 0.01uF 0.1uF 0.1uF 0.1uF 0.001uF 0.01uF 0.01uF 0.1uF 10% 10% 20% 20% 20% 10% 10% 10% 10% 20% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
Remark 16V 6.3V 6.3V 10V 4V 4V 4V 16V 16V 6.3V 6.3V 4V 16V 16V 10V 16V 16V 16V 16V 16V 10V 16V 16V 6.3V 16V 16V 10V 4V 10V 10V 10V 10V 16V 16V 16V 16V 16V 16V 16V 10V 4V 16V 10V
A-3021-421-A MAIN BOARD, COMPLETE (JE) A-3021-422-A MAIN BOARD, COMPLETE (AEP,E) A-3021-423-A MAIN BOARD, COMPLETE (US)

CF101 CF102 CF103

1-795-252-21 DISCRIMINATOR, CERAMIC 1-767-480-11 FILTER, CERAMIC (AM) 1-577-588-11 FILTER, CERAMIC < TRIMMER >

CT101 CT102

1-141-615-21 CAP, ADJ (AM TRACKING) 1-141-615-21 CAP, ADJ (FM TRACKING) < DIODE >
D101 D102 D103 D103 D104 D104 D105 D106 D107 D109 D301 D302 D303 D304 D401 D402 D403
8-719-421-40 8-719-072-59 8-719-075-24 8-719-076-23 8-719-075-24 8-719-076-23 8-719-820-41 8-719-071-34 8-719-071-34 8-719-820-41 8-719-084-27 8-719-084-27 8-719-071-34 8-719-071-34 8-719-071-34
DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE DIODE
MA77 SVC347S-TL HVC363BTRU (JE) HVC202B TRU (US,AEP,E) HVC363BTRU (JE) HVC202B TRU (US,AEP,E) 1SS302 RB521S-30-TE61 RB521S-30-TE61 1SS302
8-729-800-71 TRANSISTOR < RESISTOR >
LED SLI-343YCT32WST (LCD BACK LIGHT) LED SLI-343YCT32WST (LCD BACK LIGHT) DIODE RB521S-30-TE61 DIODE RB521S-30-TE61 DIODE RB521S-30-TE61
8-719-046-91 DIODE MA2S111 8-719-420-87 DIODE MA8130 < IC >
R101 R102 R103 R104 R106 R107 R108 R109 R110 R111 R112 R113 R114 R115 R116 R117 R118 R119 R120 R121 R122 R123 R124 R125 R126
1-218-985-11 1-218-977-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-977-11 1-216-827-11 1-218-977-11 1-218-969-11 1-218-945-11 1-218-941-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-989-11 1-218-957-11 1-218-945-11 1-216-827-11 1-216-827-11 1-208-635-11 1-218-971-11 1-218-957-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-208-635-11
RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP METAL CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP METAL CHIP METAL CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP
470K 100K 10K 1K 10K 100K 3.3K 100K 22K 10K 1M 2.2K 220 3.3K 3.3K 10 33K 2.2K 1K 470K 470K 470K 10
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W
IC101 IC201 IC301 IC302 IC303 IC304 IC305 IC401
8-752-100-32 8-752-065-32 8-759-836-09 8-759-578-28 8-759-690-72

IC IC IC IC IC

CXA1238N-T4 CXA1522N-T4 TC9328AF-SR7491 S-80819ANNP-EDG-T2 XC61CN0902NR
8-759-690-97 IC XC61CN1102NR 8-759-568-85 IC S-80821ANNP-EDJ-T2 8-759-516-90 IC S-81218SG-QR-T1 < JACK >
1-507-893-21 JACK, MICROPHONE (i) < COIL >

L101 L102 L103 L103

1-412-967-31 1-501-974-41 1-416-903-21 1-424-804-21
INDUCTOR 0.1uH ANTENNA, FERRITE-BAR (MW) (AM TRACKING) COIL (WITH CORE) (AM TRACKING) (JE) COIL, RF (FM TRACKING) (US,AEP,E)
Ref. No. R127 R128 R129 R130 R131 R201 R202 R203 R204 R205 R206 R207 R210 R211 R212 R213 R214 R215 R301 R302 R303 R304 R305 R306 R307 R308 R309 R310 R311 R312 R313 R314 R315 R316 R317 R318 R319 R320 R321 R322 Part No. 1-216-864-11 1-218-990-11 1-803-120-21 1-216-813-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-973-11 1-218-961-11 1-218-956-11 1-218-961-11 1-218-973-11 1-218-945-11 1-218-945-11 1-218-961-11 1-218-961-11 1-208-635-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-977-11 1-218-989-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-989-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-977-11 Description SHORT 0 SHORT 0 THERMISTOR, NTC RES-CHIP 220 RES-CHIP 1K RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP 47K 4.7K 1.8K 4.7K 47K 4.7K 4.7K 10 1K 100K 1M 470K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 1K 10K 220K 10K 10K 10K 1M 1K 1K 100K Remark Ref. No. R342 R343 R344 R345 R346 R349 R350 R351 R352 R353 R354 R355 R356 R357 R358 R359 R360 R361 R362 R363 R364 R365 R366 R367 R368 R369 R370 R371 R372 R373 R374 R375 R376 R377 R379 R380 R381 R382 R383 R384 R385 R386 R387 R388 R389 R390 R391 R392 R401 R402 R403 R404 R405 R406 R407 Part No. 1-218-989-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-989-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-989-11 1-218-965-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-990-11 1-218-985-11 1-208-635-11 1-218-990-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-990-11 1-218-941-11 1-218-937-11 1-218-969-11 1-218-990-11 1-218-990-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-981-11 1-218-977-11 1-218-973-11 1-218-937-11 1-218-957-11 1-218-945-11 Description RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP SHORT RES-CHIP RES-CHIP SHORT RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP SHORT RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP SHORT SHORT RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP 1M 10K 10K 1K 1M 1K 1M 10K 220K 220K 220K 220K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 220K 470K 220K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 470K 220K 220K 470K 0 470K 1K 1K 1K 1K 47 22K 1K 220K 100K 47K 47 2.2K 220 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Remark 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W

5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W (JE) 1/16W (US,AEP,E) 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W (US,JE) 1/16W (AEP,E) 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W
R323 R324 R325 R326 R327 R328 R329 R331 R332 R333 R337 R338 R339 R340 R341
1-218-977-11 RES-CHIP 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-218-985-11 1-208-635-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-953-11 1-218-961-11 1-218-989-11 1-218-965-11 RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP RES-CHIP
100K 470K 470K 470K 10 1K 1K 4.7K 1M 10K 100K 100K 1K 1K 1K
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%

5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%

1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W 1/16W
1-218-977-11 RES-CHIP 1-218-977-11 RES-CHIP 1-218-953-11 RES-CHIP 1-218-953-11 RES-CHIP 1-218-953-11 RES-CHIP
< VARIABLE RESISTOR > RV101 RV201 1-241-479-11 RES, ADJ, CERMET 22K (VCO) 1-237-870-11 RES, VAR, CARBON 20K (VOL)
Ref. No. Part No. Description < SWITCH > S301 S302 S303 S304 S305 S306 S307 S308 S309 S310 S311 1-771-790-21 1-786-015-21 1-786-015-21 1-771-627-21 1-786-015-21 1-572-473-11 1-786-015-21 1-786-015-21 1-786-015-21 1-771-627-21 SWITCH, SLIDE (HOLD) SWITCH, TACTILE (RADIO ON/SLEEP) SWITCH, TACTILE (OFF) SWITCH, TACTILE (MENU) SWITCH, TACTILE (WORLD/LOCAL) SWITCH, TACTILE (SNOOZE) SWITCH, TACTILE (LIGHT) SWITCH, TACTILE (. JOG SWITCH) SWITCH, TACTILE (> JOG SWITCH) SWITCH, TACTILE (BAND/ENT) Remark
1-692-605-31 SWITCH, SLIDE (ALARM MODE) < TRANSFORMER >

T101 T401

1-416-019-11 TRANSFORMER, IF (AM) (AM IF) 1-449-021-21 COIL, DC/DC CONVERTER < VIBRATOR >

MISCELLANEOUS 11 L102

1-795-329-21 VIBRATOR, CRYSTAL (75kHz)
1-694-596-11 CONDUCTIVE BOARD, CONNECTION 1-501-974-41 ANTENNA, FERRITE-BAR (MW) (AM TRACKING) SP101 1-529-187-11 SPEAKER (2.8cm) ANT101 1-754-183-11 ANTENNA, TELESCOPIC LCD101 1-804-341-11 DISPLAY PANEL, LIQUID CRYSTAL

ACCESSORIES & PACKING MATERIALS
3-229-569-01 MANUAL, INSTRUCTION (JAPANESE,KOREAN,SIMPLIFIED CHINESE)(E,JE) 3-229-569-11 MANUAL, INSTRUCTION (DUTCH,GERMAN,ITALIAN)(AEP) 3-229-569-21 MANUAL, INSTRUCTION (ENGLISH,FRENCH,SPANISH) 3-229-569-31 MANUAL, INSTRUCTION (PORTUGUESE,SWEDISH,,DANISH,FINNISH) (AEP) 8-953-301-93 RECEIVER,EAR MDR-E805LP X-3380-571-1 COVER ASSY

REVISION HISTORY

Clicking the version allows you to jump to the revised page. Also, clicking the version at the upper right on the revised page allows you to jump to the next revised page. Ver. 1.0 Date 2001.03 New Description of Revision