Telephony Product Answering Machines Cordless Phones Cordless/Answering Mobile Chargers Total U.S.
Together, set-tops and telephony constituted 1.2% of U.S. residential electricity consumption in 1999. Standby power use accounted for about 60% of this energy use. The combined total energy use of the products investigated for this study and those researched previously for this series of reports account for about 6.6% of residential electricity use in the U.S., as shown in Figure ES-3.
Figure ES-3. 1999 Residential Electricity Consumption [1][2][3]
Washers & Dryers Refrigerators & Freezers 14% 6%

Lighting

Cooking & Dishwashers 8% 4%
Video 3.6% Audio 1.8% Set-tops 0.7% Telephony 0.5%
Water Heating Water Heating
10% 13% 12% Space Cooling

Other 23%

Space Heating
Over the next 10 years, the energy use of set-top boxes will grow as high-power digital set-top boxes gain in popularity. Absent significant efficiency improvements, we predict that national set-top box energy use will surpass 40 TWh/yr by 2010. The future of telephony energy use is less certain. Energy use may decrease as more efficient mobile phones replace cordless phones and centralized voicemail services replace answering machines. On the other hand, telephony electricity use may increase with the popularity of new cable telephony products, which continuously use electricity for backup power systems. We identified available efficiency measures as follows: better power management for set-top Standby modes automatic power-down to Standby for set-tops more efficient external power supplies for telephony products intelligent battery charging circuitry for telephony products
Implementation of these measures could largely offset the large increases in set-top and telephony energy use expected to materialize in the coming decade.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS... vii LIST OF TABLES.... viii LIST OF FIGURES.... ix BACKGROUND... 1 APPROACH.... 3
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Power Modes.....3 Estimating Usage Patterns....4 Measuring Power Levels....4 Estimating Average Annual Unit Energy Consumption (UEC)...5 Estimating the Number of Units in the U.S. Residential Sector..5 Estimating National Energy Consumption....6

this study is to estimate the 1999 energy consumption of set-top boxes and telephony products in U.S. homes. Previous work in this field includes a 1998 effort by LBL to characterize miscellaneous electricity use. Among the hundred or so products investigated for this early study were some set-top and telephony products [ ]. We hope to improve on these estimates through more 4 complete information on power and usage values, and by including more product types.

2 APPROACH

The ideal approach to estimating the national energy use of set-tops and telephony products would entail an extensive metering program involving a statistically representative sample of U.S. homes. Since this approach would be expensive and take years to complete, we resorted to a bottom-up approach that combines direct measurements and survey data. Our bottom-up estimates of unit energy consumption (UEC) are based on mode-by-mode power requirements and usage patterns. National energy use estimates require, in addition, estimates of how many units are in use in the United States. Our approach can therefore be summarized in the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Identify product types expected to contribute significantly to national energy use For each product, identify the modes expected to contribute significantly to UEC Determine typical usage patterns, i.e. time spent in each mode Collect power measurements for each mode Combine usage and power data to estimate average UEC Determine the number of units (stock) in the U.S. residential sector Combine average UEC values and stock to estimate national energy use
Step 1 of our approach is product dependent, and so will be discussed individually for set-tops and telephony products in later sections. Below we describe steps 2 through 7 as followed for both set-tops and telephony. 2.1 Power Modes
Many consumer electronics operate in different modes (or states) during normal usage. For example, most TVs in the U.S. have two modes: On and Standby (or off). Audio systems have ten or more modes. An accurate estimate of energy consumption requires an estimate of the energy use for each mode. This entails identifying common modes, then determining average power levels and usage for each. A discrete number of modes can often be defined for any particular device. To allow coverage of a variety of product types, we adopted a rudimentary classification of operating modes to accommodate a variety of consumer electronics. These modes and definitions are given in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. Common Consumer Electronic Modes

Mode Active Charge Standby Disconnected Description The unit performs a requested service, e.g. record, play, talk, etc. The battery charger provides current to the battery The unit is plugged in and appears off. No current flows to the battery. The unit is unplugged
In general, set-top boxes are never Disconnected and do not have batteries to Charge. Therefore, most set-top boxes have two modes: Active and Standby. Telephony products vary significantly. Depending on the unit, significant contributors to unit energy consumption may consist of all or just one of the modes shown in Table 2-1. 2.2 Estimating Usage Patterns
Usage data can be difficult to acquire. Unless resources are available for a survey tailored to the needs of the study, the best sources of usage information are previously conducted market research surveys. There are several problems inherent in using such data. For one, market research surveys typically deal with household usage instead of per product usage, but per product usage is required whenever the household owns multiple units [2,3]. Another problem is that market research surveys do not inquire about the states of products during the periods they are not used. These periods account for a major fraction of total electricity use, which are critical for accurate UEC estimates. 2.3 Measuring Power Levels
Most of the power measurements in this report were performed by the authors and other Berkeley Lab staff in stores and homes. Retail stores allowed us to perform measurements provided customers were not inconvenienced. Few power measurements were taken at residences because this approach is very intrusive and time consuming. Consumer electronics power use must be measured with a meter capable of measuring low power levels with high accuracy. For our research, we use a wattmeter custom built for measuring power use as low as 0.1 watts. For more information on the meter used in our power measurements, see Appendix A.
Power measurements should be taken for every important operational mode. Measurements for this study were conducted according to the following procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify the operational modes to measure Plug the power cord of the unit into the power meter. Record the standby power consumption before turning the unit on. Record the power consumption of the unit in all other modes. Turn the unit off, and confirm the standby power consumption.
We monitored power draw of all units for about 30 seconds. In general, readings vary by only one or two tenths of a watt within that time. Measurements were recorded by hand on-site, and were later transferred to a computer database for analysis. 2.4 Estimating Average Annual Unit Energy Consumption (UEC)
Energy is the product of power and time, and average annual UEC values are typically given in terms of kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/yr). We calculate the UEC of a product by determining weighted average power use and then multiplying by the number of hours in a year as follows: M UEC = Pi Ti 8760h / yr i=1 (1)

where M is the number of modes, Pi is the average power draw of the unit in mode i, and Ti is the percentage of time that the unit is in mode i such that Ti=100%. 2.5 Estimating the Number of Units in the U.S. Residential Sector
Two indirect methods can be used to estimate the number of units (stock) of a given product. One method involves using penetration or saturation statistics (defined below) and extrapolating to all U.S. homes. The other involves combining historical sales/shipment data and average product lifetimes in a stock turnover model. For this report, we used the former method, extrapolating penetration statistics to national figures. The term penetration refers to the percentage of homes that own a given device. The term "saturation" is used to express the ratio of units to homes. These numbers can be obtained from a variety of sources, such as market research surveys or service provider subscription records. Penetration values represent the shares of homes with at least one of the product in question, so penetration alone cannot be used to estimate nationwide stock because homes may have
multiple units. Estimating stock requires the average number of units owned by each unit-home1 as follows:
Stock = ( Households ) ( Penetratio n) (Units / UnitHome)
This implies that saturation relates to penetration as follows:
Saturation= ( Penetration) (Units / UnitHome)
It is important to note that saturation and penetration are not equivalent unless all appliance owners have only one unit. When saturation statistics are unavailable, as is the case for many products in the miscellaneous end use, penetration statistics may be used to estimate stock but only in combination with per-home statistics as shown in Equation 2. The missing variable in this equation then becomes units per unit-home, which consumer surveys occasionally report. 2.6 Estimating National Energy Consumption
National energy consumption of an appliance is calculated as the product of stock and UEC as follows:

E = (UEC ) ( Stock )

where UEC is calculated using Equation 1 and Stock is calculated using Equation 2.
A unit-home is a home that has at least one unit of a given appliance.
3 SET-TOP ENERGY CONSUMPTION
This chapter describes our analysis set-top energy consumption. We begin by describing the types of set-tops widely used in 1999. Following this, we provide the data used in our analysis and the results of our calculations by product type and mode. Finally, we discuss the limits of the analysis and some methods of reducing set-top energy consumption. 3.1 Scope of Set-top Analysis

In a broad sense, a set-top is a consumer electronics product designed to output to a TV set. They are so named because they are commonly placed on top of the TV set. For this study, we investigated a range of set-tops to find those most likely to contribute significantly to national residential electricity consumption in 1999. This section describes the set-top boxes we chose to include in this study and their operational modes. We include the following products in our estimate of 1999 set-top energy consumption: analog cable boxes, digital cable boxes, wireless receivers, and video game consoles. These are the only set-tops for which the installed base exceeded one million units at the beginning of 1999. Following is a description of each of these devices. Analog cable boxes act as tuners for analog cable TV programming. More than half of cable subscribers use analog cable boxes because they do not have a cable-ready TV2 or desire special programming services. Although available in retail stores, the vast majority of analog cable boxes in U.S. were leased from the cable service providers; thus, cable boxes used without a subscription are not included in this study. Major manufacturers of analog cable boxes include General Instruments, Jerrold, Scientific Atlanta, and Zenith. Digital cable boxes act as tuners for digital cable TV programming. Since there are several digital TV (DTV) formats, they also convert the digital signal received to one usable by the customers TV set. To date, there is no such thing as a digital-cable ready TV set, so a box is required for each TV with digital cable programming [5]. In early 1999, the most commonly available digital cable box models were manufactured by General Instruments. At that time, these units were only available through a cable service provider. In the future, consumers are expected to be able to buy digital cable boxes from retail stores [6,7].
TVs that are not cable-ready display only UHF and VHF frequencies.
Wireless receivers are set-top boxes used in conjunction with dish antennas to receive wireless TV programming. We include both satellite (DBS and C-band) and terrestrial (wireless cable) systems. To receive wireless services, consumers must buy a receiver and a dish antenna and activate a subscription with a service provider. Each TV set that receives wireless programming requires its own set-top box. Major manufacturers of wireless receiver set-top boxes include Echostar, Hitachi, Hughes, JVC, Proscan, RCA, Sony, and Toshiba. Video game consoles run programs that allow the user to play interactive video games alone or with others. Most video game consoles today read the game program from removable storage media such as CDs or magnetic tape cartridges. Major manufacturers of video game consoles include Nintendo, Sega, and Sony. 3.2 Set-top Power, Usage, Stock, and Energy Consumption

Standby Analog Cable Box Digital Cable Box Wireless Receiver Game Console 10

Active

15 Power (W)
Figure 3-1. Set-top Box Power Measurements
According to our measurements, digital cable boxes draw significantly more power than any other set-top box. Current models draw between 20 and 25 watts in both Active and Standby modes. We found a wider range in power needs for analog cable and wireless boxes. All of the analog cable boxes we measured used between 5 and 25 watts in both modes, while wireless boxes required 12 to 25 watts. Some video game consoles used no power in Standby mode, while a few of the older units dissipated power through external power supplies. Active power requirements for video game consoles were also very low, ranging from 5 to 10 watts. Table 3-2 shows the average Standby and Active power levels derived from our database of power measurements.
Table 3-2. Average Power Levels for Set-top Boxes Standby Active Type of Set-top N* (watts) (watts) Cable, Analog 42 10.5 11.9 Cable, Digital 5 22.3 23.0 Wireless Receiver 30 16.2 16.9 Video Game Console 12 1.0 7.8 * N = number of units in the database While the number of digital cable boxes and video games in our sample is smaller than one might desire for an analysis of this type, very few models of these products were available in 1999. Digital cable boxes were a new product at the time, and we were able to find only five models. Video game consoles are not a new product, but the dominance of two or three major video game manufacturers with only one model each ensures that only a few new models are on the market at any given time. Average Unit Power and Energy Consumption Estimates for Set-tops Using the above usage patterns (Table 3-1) and average power levels (Table 3-2), average UEC values were calculated using Equation 1. Table 3-3 shows the average annual energy consumption of set-top boxes and the portion of the total energy consumption attributable to the Active and Standby modes. Table 3-3. Average Annual UEC Values for Set-top Boxes Standby Type of Set-top (kWh/yr) Cable Box, Analog Cable Box, Digital Wireless System Game Console (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) Active Total UEC

Video Game Rosen Sanchez 0.5 1.5
Disparities between these results can be explained as f llows. Our average UEC value for o analog cable boxes is based on measurements of over 40 boxes while only five units were measured for the Sanchez estimate. Our estimate for the number of wireless boxes is taken from 1999 FCC data [11], while Sanchez relied on shipment data.4 The Sanchez estimate is significantly lower because it includes only DBS systems, excluding C-band and wireless cable
The 1999 FCC number differs markedly from Nielsens estimate of 8.5 million subscribers in 1999.
boxes, and because DBS subscriptions have exploded since the 1998 report. The video game discrepancy could not be determined because the source of Sanchezs video game stock estimate is unknown. Improving the Energy Efficiency of Set-tops Opportunities exist to increase the efficiency of most set-top boxes. Experience has shown that manufacturers do not power down components that are not in use, even during the Standby mode. Manufacturers of set-top boxes are no exception. Excluding video game consoles, only one of the 77 units measured for this study reduced power use by more than 50% on initiating the Standby mode. On average, the Standby mode of analog cable boxes used only 12% less power than the Active mode, while digital cable and wireless boxes provided savings of just 2 to 3 percent. As further evidence of manufacturers failure to implement power management, we took infrared (IR) photos of set-top boxes in the Active and Standby modes. The IR photos clearly display which components powered down during the Standby modes. We found very little difference between the two sets of pictures. Figure 3-3 shows the temperature profiles of an analog cable box drawing 13.1 watts in Active mode and 12.0 watts in Standby. Figure 3-4 shows the temperature profiles of an advanced satellite set-top box drawing 24.2 watts in Active mode and 22.2 watts in Standby. Figure 3-3. Infrared Photos of an Analog Cable Box in Active and Standby Modes

Active - 13.1 W

Standby - 12.0 W
Figure 3-4. Infrared Photos of a Satellite Receiver in Active and Standby Modes

Active - 24.2 W

Standby 22.2 W

The 220 million analog TV sets in the United States will be unable to receive TV programming without a set-top box. TV owners have the choice of (1) buying a DTV receiver/decoder set-top unit to receive the broadcast digital signal or (2) subscribe to pay TV to receive cable or satellite programming. Most digital TV sets sold between now and 2007 will require a set-top for digital conversion and/or high-definition resolutions. While a few DTV models have these features built-in, stand-alone set-top boxes are preferred [15]. Currently, sets labeled high definition TV (HDTV) and standard definition TV (SDTV or DTV) sets have built in digital TV receivers, while those labeled HDTV-compatible or DTV-ready require a set-top decoder box. Digital TV sets sold even after 2007 are likely to require a set-top box. Until DTV technology matures and perhaps beyond, it is likely that set-top boxes and TV sets will be analogous to CPUs and monitors: people will prefer separate units so that changes to the set-top hardware can be made without replacing the expensive video display.
Based on these assumptions, it is safe to say that all 100 million TV-homes in the U.S. will have at least one set-top for TV reception by 2010. More likely, each TV will require its own settop box, bringing the number of set-tops in the U.S. to over 220 million. It is also possible that each TV will have more than one set-top, since there are many different types of set-tops in addition to cable, wireless, and DTV converter boxes. As a result, the number of set-top boxes in the U.S. may exceed 300 million by 2010. In addition to the exploding number of set-top boxes, power requirements are also increasing. Digital cable and advanced satellite set-top boxes coming out on the market now use about twice the Active and Standby power of existing cable and satellite set-top boxes. With increased functionality, new set-top boxes are also expected to be Active a larger portion of the time than existing set-tops. In fact, many new set-tops are designed to be Active 100% of the time, and so do not have an off switch. Because of these developments, we expect the average UEC of set-top boxes to reach between 150 and 300 kWh per year by 2010. Given these predictions, future set-top energy use will certainly rise. The magnitude of this increase depends on the number of units and the average energy consumption of each unit. Today there are just over 60 million set-tops used for TV programming, with an overall average annual UEC of about 100 kWh/yr. We predict that the number of units will reach between 100 and 300 million, and that the average UEC will increase to between 150 and 300 kWh/yr. Figure 3-5 shows some possible set-top energy use scenarios for 2010 based on these predictions.

Telephony Power, Usage, Stock, and Energy Consumption
This section describes the usage patterns, power requirements, and stock data used to estimate the national telephony energy consumption in 1999. Telephony Usage Patterns Telephony products are Active during talk, record and playback modes. Telephony products with portable (non-corded) handsets contain rechargeable batteries, and so spend some time in Charge mode. The Standby mode of telephony products occurs when the product is plugged in, but is not in the Active or Charge modes. Excluding mobile phone chargers, telephony products are typically never Disconnected. Obtaining data on how people use their telephony products proved challenging. We were unable to find extensive surveys containing the information we desired. In lieu of this, we conducted our own limited survey to obtain anecdotal evidence of telephony usage. Telephony usage profiles derived from our survey and used in this study are shown in Table 4-1. For simplicity, we exclude the insignificant amount of time that answering machines are recording or playing messages (<1% of the time). Table 4-1. Telephony Usage Patterns Telephony Product Answering Machine Cordless Telephone a Cordless/Answeringa Mobile Chargerb
Disconnected Standby Time Time

---60% 100% 23% 23% 38%

Charge Time Full

-65% 65% --

Active Time

-4% 4% --

100% 100% 100% 100%

-8% 8% 2%

For cordless devices, we define Standby as the time when the handset is not on the base unit or in use. We define Charge-full and Charge-empty as the time when the handset is on the base and the battery is fully charged or not fully charged, respectively. For mobile chargers, Standby occurs when the unit is plugged in but not connected to the battery.
Cordless devices and mobile phones require batteries for use. Nearly all 1999 model cordless phones use Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries. NiCd batteries tolerate overcharging; so for cost reasons, manufacturers almost never employ the circuitry needed to sense that a NiCd battery is fully charged. As a result, cordless phone units continue to supply as much current to the
battery when it is fully charged as when it is empty. Thus we assume that cordless phones are in the Charge mode whenever the handset is on the base. Most mobile phones, on the other hand, use lithium ion (LiI) batteries, which are damaged by overcharging. As a result, most mobile phone chargers return to the Standby mode when the battery is fully charged.5 In the following sections, we distinguish between charging that occurs when the battery is full, and when it is empty. We assume that cordless telephones and cordless/answering devices are used similarly. Also, as mentioned earlier, we exclude the recording and playing back of messages for combination devices. In our survey, we asked cordless phone owners how much time each cordless phone was used (Active), and how much time the handset was on the base (Charge). The average Active time reported by the 36 respondents was 4%, while the average Charge time was 73%.6 Since NiCd batteries require about twice as much time to charge as to discharge through use, we estimate that the actual charging of the battery takes about 8% of the time, while the remaining 65% of charging occurs when the battery is already full. Battery chargers for mobile phones can be unplugged when they are not charging batteries, but many people leave them plugged in all the time. Of the fifteen mobile phone owners responding to our survey, about half left the chargers plugged in at all times, while the other half unplugged the devices when they were not in use. On average, survey respondents indicated that they left their mobile phone batteries attached to the charger for about 4 hours per day, or 15% of the time. Since charge rates vary significantly, it would be difficult to determine the portion of this time spent charging the battery (Charge-empty) and the portion spent in the trickle charge mode (Charge-full). To avoid lengthy experimentation with a large number of chargers, we assumed that the average mobile phone battery takes about 2 hours to charge and is charged about 50 times per year at the owners residence7 for a total of 100 hours (1% of the time), in the Charge-empty mode. Telephony Power Measurements We measured over 70 telephony products. Most of the measurements were recorded at retail shops, so our sample represents the stock of equipment being sold at the time of the study. No conscious effort was made to select a representative sample of manufacturers or price points. This raised concerns that the data sample collected was not representative of U.S. stock. However, our measurements showed that there was little variation between units. Power

Many chargers trickle charge or send current intermittently because unused batteries tend to lose charge over time. We do not include this small amount of current in our calculations. 6 Most respondents left the handset on the base whenever it was not being used. This is interesting because NiCd batteries develop what is called a memory effect, meaning that operating time decreases if they are not discharged completely before each charge. 7 Mobile phone owners frequently charge their phones in the car.
measurements indicated no significant difference in energy requirements for older and newer products, or for products from different manufacturers. These factors combine to give us some confidence in the validity of our sample. The range and mean value of telephony power measurements collected for this study are shown in Figure 4-1 For a complete list of the power data collected for this study, see Appendix C. Figure 4-1. Telephony Power Measurements Standby Answering Machines Cordless/ Answering Charge Active
We found that most standalone answering machines use between 2 and 5 watts of power in the Standby mode. The Active mode will be excluded in this study because (1) the disparity between Active and Standby power levels is very small (see Appendix C) and (2) the Active mode accounts for an insignificant portion of time (<1%), as previously mentioned. The cordless devices in our database used 1 to 8 watts in all modes. Because we measured mainly new units that had never been connected to a power source, the Charge values observed represent the Charge-empty power use. We were able to obtain a handful of Charge-full measurements at the lab and in homes, none of which indicated that the flow of current to the battery waned once the battery was fully charged. We expect that this is true of the vast majority of cordless phones, so we used the Charge-empty power level for both modes.
Mobile phone chargers consist almost exclusively of an efficient external power supply. As a result, they use much less power than do the other telephony products shown here, which need additional power consuming circuitry for a higher level of functionality. Table 4-2 shows the number of units measured and the average power levels we used in our calculations of national telephony energy consumption. Table 4-2. Average Power Levels for Telephony Products Standby Active Charge Telephony Product N (watts) (watts) (watts) Answering Machine 27 2.9 --Cordless Telephone 20 2.3 3.1 3.4 Cordless/Answering 21 3.1 3.9 4.4 Mobile Charger 7 0.6 --We would have liked to measure more than seven mobile phone chargers; however we found that very few models exist. In addition, the Standby power use of mobile phone chargers does not vary much, so we are confident that the small sample is fairly representative. Average Unit Power and Energy Consumption Estimates for Telephony With the exception of mobile chargers, average UEC values were calculated using Equation 1. For mobile chargers, we calculated the total energy as the sum of the Standby energy use, the energy supplied to the battery, and the transformer losses of the battery charger during the Charge mode. Table 4-3 summarizes our findings. Table 4-3. Average Annual UEC Values for Telephony Products Standby Charge Charge Active Total UECa Telephony Product Full Empty (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) (kWh/yr) Answering Machine Cordless Telephone 4.2.4 1.Cordless/Answering 6.3.1 1.b Mobile Charger 1.8 0.5 2.3

Standby (TWh/yr) Active (TWh/yr)
U.S. Residential Electricity Use (TWh/yr)
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Cable Box, Analog Cable Box, Digital Satellite System Game Console
Today there are just over 60 million cable and satellite set-top boxes with an overall average annual UEC of about 100 kWh/yr. We predict that by 2010, the number of set-tops will reach between 100 and 300 million, and that the average UEC will increase to between 150 and 300 kWh/yr. As a result, we estimate that national set-top energy consumption will grow to at least 15 TWh/yr in 2010, and possibly as high as 90 TWh/yr, depending on the number of units and the average UEC. Given the information available at this time and assuming no efficiency improvements, we predict that national set-top energy use will reach at least 40 TWh/yr by 2010.
Cordless phones, answering machines, combination units, and mobile phones accounted for nearly 6 TWh (0.5%) of U.S. residential electricity consumption in 1999. Figure 5-2 shows the energy consumption of telephony products in the U.S. in 1999. Figure 5-2. Energy Consumption of Telephony Products in 1999
Standby Charge-full Charge-empty Active
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Answering Machines Cordless Phones Cordless/ Answering Mobile Chargers
Answering machines consume nearly 2 TWh/yr, almost all (99%) of which occurs during the Standby mode. Together, cordless telephones and cordless/answering combination units use 3.7 TWh/yr. Less than 20% of this electricity use occurs during the times the phone is being used or recharging. Mobile phones are significantly more efficient than cordless phones. The future of home telephony products is uncertain. The number of mobile phones will continue to increase, but we expect that the energy required for battery charging will decrease or even disappear, as mobile phones become more efficient and alternative power sources replace batteries. The data presented in this report comprise a good estimate of the energy use for set-top boxes and telephony products in 1999. However, because technologies involved in the manufacture and use of set-tops and telephony products are changing rapidly, great care must be taken in extrapolating from the data presented here to future energy use. Recent technological and

Table B2. Digital Cable Box Power Measurements
Brand Model Standby (W) On (W) 19.7 23.3 24.7 24.0 20.5 23.8 25.2 24.4 General Instruments DCT1000 General Instruments DCT2000 General Instruments Starfone SFT General Instruments Starfone SFT2
Table B3. Wireless Receiver Power Measurements
Brand Hitachi Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes RCA RCA RCA RCA RCA RCA RCA RCA RCA RCA Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Sony Toshiba Sony EchoStar RCA ProScan JVC Model HDS110S HIRD-B2.1A HIRD-B2.1B HIRD-B2.2A HIRD-B2.2B HIRD-B2.2c DRD303RA DRD502RB.1 DRD502RB.2 DRD503RBC.1 DRD503RBC.2 DRD515RB.1 DRD515RB.2 DS3130RA DS5450 RB SATA3.1 SATA3.2 SATA4.1 SATA4.2 SATB2 SATB3.1 SATB3.2 SATB3.2 TSS-111 SAS-AD2 ISD4000 DRD505RB PS 84360A 4500 Standby (W) 13.8 10.0 9.9 10.7 9.5 13.7 15.0 9.0 10.7 8.8 10.0 10.1 11.0 14.4 15.9 16.0 10.0 13.8 11.5 11.4 11.3 9.1 9.5 10.1 14.4 16.3 16.8 17.2 18.4 18.8 On (W) 13.9 11.0 11.2 12.0 11.0 13.7 15.4 9.4 11.5 9.1 10.7 10.9 11.9 14.5 16.2 16.5 10.1 14.0 11.7 11.4 11.4 9.3 10.4 10.5 14.7 16.4 17.2 17.7 21.2 19.3
Table B4. Game Console Power Measurements
Brand Nintendo Nintendo Nintendo Nintendo Nintendo Sony Sony Nintendo Nintendo Nintendo Model NUS-001.5 NUS-001.1 NUS-001.3 SNES-001 NES-001.2 SCPH-1001 SCPH7501 NUS-001.2 NUS-001.4 NES-001.1 Standby (W) On (W) 0.6 8.0 64-bit 0.9 8.5 Nintendo64 0.9 8.0 Super Nintendo 0.9 7.8 1.0 5.7 Playstation 1.0 7.9 Playstation 1.0 5.7 64-bit 1.3 8.1 64-bit 1.3 9.0 8-bit 2.0 9.8 Description
APPENDIX C. TELEPHONY POWER MEASUREMENT S
Table C1. Answering Machine Power Measurements
Brand GE GE AT&T Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Casio Phonemate Casio Phonemate Lucent Technologies Panasonic AT&T Casio Phonemate Casio Phonemate AT&T Lucent Technologies Casio Phonemate Casio Phonemate GE Casio Phonemate AT&T AT&T AT&T AT&T AT&T AT&T Muratec AT&T Model 2-9873A 2-9805A 1325 KX-T1427 KX-T1470 KX-TTA-KX-T9800 TA-1715 TA-120 TA-120 2-9865 TA-1337 VF1000-0.9 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6 No-load Standby 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.4 3.3.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 6.0 4.2 3.5 3.1 2.1 Play
Table C2. Cordless Phone Power Measurements
Brand GE Lucent AT&T Toshiba Radio Shack AT&T AT&T AT&T AT&T Toshiba Bell South Toshiba Sony Sony Panasonic Sony Panasonic Panasonic AT&T AT&T
Model 2-9910B FT-8006A Super OCT FTH986 HAC 3392 FT-8006 SPP-M920 SPPM932 KX-A11 SSP-SS960 KXTG200B KXTG5510

3-232-394-11(1)

For the customers in the USA
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
When using your telephone equipment, basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and injury to persons, including the following:
About This cordless handset
Thank you for purchasing the cordless handset SPP-H273! This cordless handset is an optional handset for Sony QuadraStation 2.4 series SPP-A2780, SPP-A2770, SPP-S2730, and SPP-S2720. The phone systems can be expanded to a total of four cordless handsets and realizes the intercom conversation between a couple of cordless handsets (Walkie-Talkie function). First, read the followings. Be sure to register this cordless handset to the base phone or the base unit before use. (See Registering a cordless handset below.) For details on operation of the cordless telephone, refer to the operating instructions of your phone system. The names printed on the buttons and controls may differ from that of the cordless handset supplied with the SPP-A2780 and SPP-A2770. It is recommended to attach the supplied sticker for the reference of the Answering function. (See Attaching the supplied sticker below.)
Registering a cordless handset
The phone systems can be expanded to a total of four cordless handsets. The station number of the base phone (or base unit) is set to 0 and that of the cordless handset (supplied with the base phone or base unit) is set to 1 at the factory. The station number of the cordless handset newly added to the system will be one of the number 2 through 4 in the order of registration. Before you start registering, set all the unit of the system in standby mode and place them close to each other (within a distance of 12 inches). Then do the following procedure on the cordless handset.
Attaching the supplied sticker
You can utilize the supplied two type of stickers provided for the station number (for all QuadraStation 2.4 series) and for the reference of the Answering function (only for the SPP-A2780 and SPP-A2770). Attach them on the cordless handset if necessary.

Specifications

General
Spread method Access method Frequency band Operating channel Supplied accessories Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum FDMA-TDD 2.4075 - 2.4720 GHz 40 channels Charger/AC power adaptor (AC-T127) Rechargeable battery pack (BP-T38) Sticker (for station number/Answering function) (1 sheet)
To attach the sticker for the station number
Attach either of the two forms on each cordless handset to your preference.

Cordless Handset

Operating Instructions Manual de instrucciones (verso)
1. Do not use this product near water, for example, near a bath tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, or laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool. 2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. 3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak. 4. Use only the power cord and batteries indicated in this manual. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explode. Check with local codes for possible special disposal instructions.

Caution

Do not register two or three cordless handsets at the same time. Doing so may result in more than one cordless handsets having an identical station number.
To attach the sticker for the Answering function (only for the SPP-A2780 and SPP-A2770)
Attach the sticker for the reference of the button operation required for playing back the recorded messages as shown in the figure.

Cordless handset

Power source Battery life Battery charging time Dimensions Rechargeable battery pack BP-T38 Standby: Approx. 6 days Talk: Approx. 5 hours Approx. 12 hours Approx. x x inches (w/h/d), antenna excluded (approx. 58 x 166 x 48 mm) Antenna: Approx. inches (approx. 72 mm) Approx. 8.1 oz (approx. 230 g), battery included

SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS

Setting up the cordless handset

Owners Record

The model number is located at the bottom of the unit and the serial number is located inside the battery compartment of the unit. Record the serial number in the space provided below. Refer to these numbers whenever you call upon your Sony dealer regarding this product. Model No. SPP-H273 Serial No. ________________

Notes on power sources

On battery pack

within 12 inches

Charger
Power source Dimensions Mass DC 9 V from AC power adaptor AC-T127 Approx. x x inches (w/h/d) (approx. 80 x 64 x 102 mm) Approx. 2.7 oz (approx. 75 g)
Preparing the battery pack
Charge the battery pack for more than 12 hours before you start using your cordless handset.
Store the battery pack at a temperature between 41F (5C) and 95F (35C) for best performance. If you do not use the cordless handset for a long period of time, remove the battery pack after charging for more than 12 hours.

BP-T38 Red Black

Base phone (or base unit)
Design and specifications are subject to change without notice.

COMMON INFORMATION

1. This equipment complies with Part 15 and Part 68 of the FCC rules for the United States. On the bottom of this equipment is a label that contains, among other information. 2. If this equipment (SPP-H273) causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice isnt practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible. 3. If trouble is experienced with this equipment (SPP-H273), for repair or warranty information, please contact Sony Direct Response Center: Tel 1-800-222-7669. If the equipment is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may request that you disconnect the equipment until the problem is resolved. 4. All repairs will be performed in an authorized Sony service station. 5. This equipment may not be used on coin service provided by the Phone Company or Party Lines. 6. This equipment is hearing aid compatible. When programming emergency numbers and (or) making test calls to emergency numbers: 1. Remain on the line and briefly explain to the dispatcher the reason for the call. 2. Perform such activities in the off-peak hours, such as early morning or late evenings.

1 Press (PGM). 2 Press (INTERCOM).
You hear a confirmation beep.

On power failure

During a power interruption, you cannot make or receive calls, and you cannot use the answering machine (In the case of SPP-A2780 and SPP-A2770 only).

Front side

To an AC outlet
For the customers in the USA RECYCLING NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES
Nickel-Cadmium batteries are recyclable. You can help preserve our environment by returning your unwanted batteries to your nearest point for collection, recycling or proper disposal. Note: In some areas the disposal of nickel-cadmium batteries in household or business trash may be prohibited. RBRC (Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation) advises you about spent battery collection by the following phone number.

ENTER SYSTEM ID _

NEW OLD MASSAGE RING OFF

Hearing-Aid Compatible

AC-T127 To DC IN 9V CHARGE lamp

SPP-H273

Sony Corporation 2001 Printed in Taiwan, R.O.C.
1 Slide open the battery compartment lid of the cordless handset. 2 Connect the battery connector with correct polarity (black wire
goes on lower side and red wire goes on upper side).
(Example: the bottom of SPP-A2780)
Call toll free number: 1-800-822-8837 (United States and Canada only) Caution: Do not handle damaged or leaking nickel-cadmium batteries.
3 Enter the 10 digits system ID
by pressing the dialing keys. The system ID is shown on a sticker affixed to the bottom of the base phone (or base unit).
3 Hook the cords and insert the battery pack. Then close the lid. 4 Connect the AC power adaptor to the DC IN 9V jack of the

Maintenance

Clean the cabinets with a soft cloth slightly moistened with water or a mild detergent solution. Do not use any type of abrasive pad, scouring powder or solvent such as alcohol or benzine as they may damage the finish of the cabinet. If the charge terminals of the charger and cordless handset are soiled, wipe them with a soft cloth.
You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved in this manual could void your authority to operate this equipment. Privacy of communications may not be ensured when using this phone.

charger and to an AC outlet and place the cordless handset on the charger. The CHARGE lamp on the charger lights up when the cordless handset is properly seated on the charge terminals of the charger. Charge the battery pack for more than 12 hours so that the battery is fully charged. The CHARGE lamp remains lit even after charging is completed.

System ID

If you have any questions or problems concerning your phone, please consult your nearest Sony dealer.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)This device may not cause interference, and (2)This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Battery duration

A fully charged battery pack lasts for about: Approx. 5 hours when you use the cordless handset continuously Approx. 6 days when the cordless handset is in standby mode.
Notes The battery pack will gradually discharge over a long period of time, even when not in use. If you leave the battery pack in the cordless handset without charging it, the battery pack will be completely discharged. It may require several times of charging to recover to its full capacity. While charging, the battery pack warms up. This is not a malfunction.

4 Press (PGM).

You hear a long confirmation beep and the assigned station number is displayed.
Notes Do not allow more than 60 seconds to elapse during the operation procedure. Once you add a cordless handset to the base phone (or base unit) system, you cannot change the station numbers, or cancel the additional registrations. When you press any button other than (PGM) to use an unregistered cordless handset, the message PLEASE REGISTER THIS HANDSET will appear on the display, and five short error beeps will be heard. You must first register the cordless handset you want to add to the system. If you try to register a cordless handset which you have already added to the system, the five short error beeps will be heard and the registration will be canceled. If the registration is unsuccessful, ERROR will appear on the display, and five short error beeps will be heard after (PGM) is pressed in step 4. Move the cordless handset closer to the base phone (or base unit), and then start over the procedure.

Troubleshooting

If youve experienced any of the following difficulties while using the cordless handset, use this troubleshooting guide to help you remedy the problem. Should any problem persist, consult your nearest Sony dealer.
Symptom Remedy Make sure the system ID is correct. The cordless handset is charged enough. Make sure all the cordless handset is placed close to the base phone or base unit. Place the cordless handset on the charger. The station number of the cordless handset appears on the display. Attach the supplied station number sticker on the cordless handset for remembrance sake.
To obtain the best performance from the battery
Do not place the cordless handset on the charger after each call. The battery works best if the cordless handset is returned to the charger after two or three calls. However, do not leave the cordless handset off the charger for a long period of time as this will completely discharge the battery pack.
You cannot register a station number on the cordless handset. You do not know the station number of the cordless handset.
When to purchase a new battery pack
If the battery lasts only a few minutes even after 12 hours of charging, the usable life of the battery has expired and needs replacement. Contact your local Sony authorized dealer or service center, and ask for a Sony BP-T38 rechargeable battery pack.
Note Battery life may vary depending on usage condition and ambient temperature.
To check the station number assigned to the cordless handset

HANDSET 2

IMPORTANT NOTE
Be sure to save the receipt and attach it to your WARRANTY card when having your equipment repaired at an authorized Sony service center. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, please follow the following guidelines in order to protect body from exposing to RF electromagnetic energy. 1. Avoid direct body contact with transmitting antenna during telephone conversation. 2. Do not replace or modify the transmitting antenna in any way.

Power source/battery

The station number of the cordless handset appears on the display of the cordless handset while it is seated on the charger. You can also utilize the supplied sticker of the station number and attaching on the cordless handset.
Wipe the charge terminals of the charger and The CHARGE lamp on the cordless handset with a soft cloth for the charger does not better contact of the charge terminals. light up when you place Make sure the cordless handset is placed on the cordless handset to the charger properly. charge. Make sure the cordless handset is placed on the charger with front side facing forward. Use only the supplied AC-T127 AC power adaptor. The battery duration is short. The battery pack was charged less than 12 hours (due to power failure, etc.). The usage life of the battery has expired and needs replacement. Use only the supplied AC-T127 AC power adaptor.