BODY COMPOSITION ANALYZER SC-330ST

Instruction manual

REMOTE DISPLAY VERSION

COLUMN MOUNTED VERSION

Please read this Instruction Manual carefully and keep it handy for future reference.

Table of Contents

Before use
Safety Notes 4 Product Assembly and Components 6 Preparation 9 Various settings10

How to use

Operating Instructions
When using as a body composition analyzer 24 Target body fat ratio 34 When using as a scale35 Various criteria 38

When necessary

Troubleshooting 42 Connection with a personal computer 44 Technical Notes 48 The New Regression Formula for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) 52 Specifications 54

Applications

This equipment can be used in the screening of certain adult diseases and conditions related body weight and composition. It can be used in the monitoring and prevention of conditions caused by excessive deposits of fat tissue, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cholelithiasis and fatty liver. It can be used in the monitoring of changes in individuals body composition, related to differences in the ratio of fat tissue to lean. It can be used to assess the effectiveness of individuals nutrition and exercise programmers, both for health and physical fitness.

Benefits

1. This product is simple to use, and requires no specialized facilities or expertise to take measurements. 2. Measurements can be taken quickly and easily, causing minimal inconvenience to the patient during measurement.

(Safety Notes)

Product Assembly and Components

Remote display version

Control Box

Printer cover

Column mounted version

Accessories Accessories

Instruction manual (This manual) Assembling guide AC adapter Power cord
(Product Assembly and Components)
Instruction manual (This manual) AC adapter Power cord

Dropper (1 item)

Display
Hexagonal wrench (1 item) Hexagon socket head bolts (M5L12) (4 items) Dropper (1 item)

Column

Printer paper
Operating key (Thermal paper, roll diameter: 55mm, roll length: approx. 34m) * Please contact the agent from which you have purchased the product for details.
(Thermal paper, roll diameter: 55mm, roll length: approx. 34m) * Please contact the agent from which you have purchased the product for details.

Platform

Electrode (4 positions)
Make sure you place the Platform on a stable, level surface.If the Platform is not stable because not all the feet are on the surface, for example, there is a risk of stumbling or inaccurate measurement.

Preparation

Setting of the printer paper

Control panel

Please change the paper roll when red lines appear along the sides of the paper. Please pay careful attention to avoid injury from the sharp edge. Please turn off the machine before clearing Paper jams.

(Preparation)

Connection of Plugs

to turn on the power.

After all lamps light up, the model number is displayed as and is displayed.
(1) Press OPEN. (2) Remove the printer cover.

AC adapter

(3) Set up the printer paper
Remove the adhesive of the printer paper and draw it out approx. 10 cm / 3 inch.
Return the printer cover.
In the case that is displayed, e The printer cover is open, so please close it again properly ( page 43).
Rear side of the controller
To avoid electric shock, do not insert or remove the plug with wet hands. To avoid electric shock, do not use the equipment near water. To avoid measurement error, do not measure while using equipment that generates radio waves, such as mobile phones. Use only the original AC adapter (MODEL: SA165-0950U-3). Using AC adapters other than the original one may cause malfunction, smoke or fire.
Press the FEED excessive paper.

, and cut off the

In the case that the automatic cutting is set to OFF, the automatic cutting does not function ( page 14).

Setting completed.

Symbols and their Meanings
Power On Power Off Direct current Input, Output Class II Equipment

[In the case to select the print item preset 3]

Serial No.

The default is 00000001. Adds 1 each time it measures.

Fat mass

-Total weight of fat mass in the body.
When it is set with an ID, it is printed out. (The default is without an ID.)

Muscle mass

- Bone-free lean tissue mass (LTM)
Fat % is amount of body fat as a proportion of body weight.

FFM TBW % BMR*

Basal Metabolic Rate represents the total energy expended by the body to maintain normal functions at rest such as respiration and circulation. Fat Free Mass is comprised of muscle, bone, tissue, water, and all other fat free mass in the body.
Total Body Water is the amount of water retained in the body. TBW is said to comprise between 50% - 70% of total body weight. Generally, men tend to have higher water weight than women due to a greater amount of muscle.

Visceral fat rating*

- Visceral fat rating feature indicates the rating of visceral fat.

Bone mass*

Bone mineral amount included in the entire bone.

Ideal body weight*

Ideal body weight is a value for which the BMI is 22.

Metabolic age*

Metabolic age is evaluated young when a muscular amount is larger, and BMR is higher.

Degree of obesity*

Calculated as (weight) (standard weight) / (standard weight) 100.
Calculated with weight (kg) / height (m)2 The standard value is for the Standard mode. In the case of the Athletic mode, the standard value is just a reference. And for those who are 17 years old or younger, only the body fat % is displayed as the standard value. The muscle mass, total body water and the estimated bone mass for those who are 17 years old or younger are for reference.

Impedance

Impedance (This does not affect judgment of the measurement results.)
*18 - 99 yaers only Please consult your doctor before you start a body weight management program. Tanita is not responsible for the target body fat ratio.

Please consult your doctor before you start a body weight management program. Tanita is not responsible for the target body fat ratio.
Set the items to print out (Continued from page 10). <In the case of selecting 39> Select the number to set with the numeric keys ( ) and press Enter / Next.
The setting screen is displayed.
51 TANITA Logo Category name Date Serial number Memo space ID No Fat mass Fat free mass Muscle mass Total body water Total body water % Bone mass Basal metabolic rate (BMR) 64 Metabolic age Visceral fat rating BMI Rohrers index Ideal body weight Degree of obesity Desirable range Body fat % Graph Fat % Graph BMI Graph Visceral fat rating Graph Muscle mass Graph BMR Physique rating
See the next page for the setting number of each item. When the print item preset is set, after setting the items to print out ( page 19), the items to print may be changed automatically. Please confirm, Print items preset list ( page 19).
Selects ON or OFF of the item to print out.
0. off is not to print out and 1. on is to print out. To correct the input value, or cancel the input, e press CE (the input is deleted).
In the case of selecting the logo setting on.

(Operating Instructions)

when using as a body

composition analyzer

This explains the procedure when the printer is turned on. Please be aware that the display may be different if the number of sheets to print is set to 0. Do not wipe the equipment with corrosive chemicals (gasoline, cleaner, etc.). Please use a neutral detergent to clean the equipment. When the equipment has been transferred to any location where there is a temperature difference of 20C or more, wait for at least two hours before using it. In taking measurements, please keep the person away from the unit, who uses transmitters such as a mobile phone avoid causing margin errors.
Check that the body composition is selected and input the clothes weight.
Input it by pressing and.
The clothes weight (preset tare) can be input in the range of 0.0 10.0 kg or 0.0 - 20.0 lb. *0.1kg / 0.2lb increments st. is not available when entering clothes weight. To correct the input value, e press CE (the input is deleted).

About Athletic Mode

It is recommended for those who are 18 years old or older and meet the following conditions to select Athletic Mode and measure as reference values. - Those who exercise for 12 hours or more per a week. - Those who belong to a sport team or a sport organization with the aim of participation in competition, etc. - Those who exercise to build up like a bodybuilder. - Those who are professional athletes. Attention The posture when measuring - Stand with both feet parallel on the electrodes. - Stand fullface without bending knees. The age input range is years old. Input age 99 for those who are 100 years old or older.

Input the age.

The age can be input from 5 99. If it is mistakenly input, e press CE (the input is deleted). If CE is pressed in the state that the age is not input, it returns to the gender selection screen.

Measurement completion

The measurement result and the body fat percentage evaluation are displayed. It is automatically printed out. (In the case that other than 0 is set in the Setting the number of sheets to print ( page 13).
Fat % Healthy range is not displayed if OFF is set in the setting ON or OFF of the Fat % Healthy range display ( page 15). Step off the platform. It returns to the measurement start screen.
When the age is input, the lamp flashes on the Height.

Input the height.

Input it by pressing 0 9. How to read the display <kg mode>
The height can be input from 90.0 - 249.9 (90 - 249) or 3 ft -7 ft 11.5 in. *0.1cm (1cm) / 0. 5in increments *Unit is changed by key. If it is mistakenly input, e press CE (the input is deleted). If CE is pressed in the state that the height is not input, it returns to the age selection screen. How to read the display <st.lb mode>
Judgment result based on the body fat percentage. ( page 38.)
Under measurement of the body composition.
display goes off sequentially.
In the case of the one step mode
In the one step mode, after inputting the personal data, the weight and body composition are measured.

Personal data input

Input it by pressing.
Body composition measurement
Check that the body composition is selected,
input the clothes weight.
The clothes weight (preset tare) can be input in the range of 0.0 10.0 kg or 0.0 - 20.0 lb. *0.1kg / 0.2lb increments *Unit is changed by key. st. is not available when entering clothes weight. If it is mistakenly input, e press CE (the input is deleted).
This screen is not displayed if OFF is set in the setting with or without an ID ( page 15). (The body type selection screen is displayed.)
The height can be input from 90.0 - 249.9 (90 - 249) or 3 ft -7 ft 11.5 in. *0.1cm (1cm) / 0. 5in increments *Unit is changed by key. If it is mistakenly input, e press CE (the input is deleted). If CE is pressed in the state that the height is not input, it returns to the age selection screen.
Fat % Healthy range is not displayed if OFF is set in the setting ON or OFF of the Fat % Healthy range display ( page 15). Step off the platform. It returns to the ID input screen.
The body type selection screen is displayed in the case that OFF is set in the setting with or without an ID ( page 15).

How to read the display <kg mode>
How to read the display <st.lb mode> Judgment result based on the body fat percentage. ( page 38.)

Target body fat ratio

when using as a scale
Input the target body fat ratio.
This screen is displayed if ON is set in the setting ON or OFF of the target body fat ratio ( page 18). The target body fat ratio can be input from 4-55. If it is mistakenly input, e press CE (the input is deleted). If the number of sheet to print is set to 0, target body fat ratio setting function will be OFF, automatically. If the target body fat is set to 0 or nothing, the target body fat ratio will not print.
Before you start a body weight management program and set the appropriate personal body fat ratio, please consult your doctor. Tanita is not responsible for setting the appropriate target body fat ratio for specific individuals.
Check that the body weight is selected and input the clothes weight.
This screen is not displayed if OFF is set in the setting with or without an ID ( page 15). (The measurment start screen is displayed.)
when using as a scale (continued)

Input an ID number.

This screen is not displayed in the case that OFF is set in the setting with or without an ID ( page 15). The ID number can be input from 0 9999999999. If it is mistakenly input, e press CE (the input is deleted). If CE is pressed in the state that an ID number is not input, it returns to the measurement start.
It is automatically printed out. (In the case that other than 0 is set in the Setting the number of sheets to print ( page 13).
Step off the platform. It returns to the measurement start screen.
This screen is not displayed in the case that OFF is set in the setting with or without an ID ( page 15).
The lamp flashes for Step on.
If CE screen. is pressed, it returns to the previous

Various criteria

- Criteria based on body fat percentage
Body fat percentage is the amount of body fat as a proportion of your body weight. Reducing excess levels of body fat has shown to reduce the risk of certain conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease,diabetes and cancer. The chart below shows the healthy ranges for body fat.

(Various criteria)

- What is total body water percentage?
Total Body Water Percentage is the total amount of fluid in a persons body expressed as a percentage of their total weight. Water plays a vital role in many of the bodys processes and is found in every cell, tissue and organ. Maintaining a healthy total body water percentage will ensure the body functions efficiently and will reduce the risk of developing associated health problems. Your body water levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day and night. Your body tends to be dehydrated after a longnight and there are differences in fluid distribution between day and night. Eating large meals, drinking alcohol, menstruation, illness, exercising, and bathing may cause variations in your hydration levels. Your body water percentage reading should act as a guide and should not be used to specifically determine your absolute recommended total body water percentage. It is important to look for long-term changes in total body water percentage and maintain a consistent, healthy total body water percentage. Drinking a large quantity of water in one sitting will not instantly change your water level. In fact, it will increase your body fat reading due to the additional weight gain. Please monitor all readings over time to track the relative change. Every individual varies but as a guide the average total body water percentage ranges for a healthy adult are: Female : 45 to 60% Male : 50 to 65% Source : Based on Tanita's Internal Research Note: The total body water percentage will tend to decrease as the percentage of body fat increases. A person with a high percentage of body fat may fall below the average body water percentage. As you lose body, fat the total body water percentage should gradually move towards the typical range given

- What is visceral fat rating?
Healthy Range Indicator Your Body Composition Analyzer automatically compares your body fat percentage reading to the Healthy Body Fat Range chart. After your body fat percentage has been calculated, a black bar will flash along the bottom of the display, identifying where you fall within the Body Fat Ranges for your age and gender. (-) : Underfat; below the healthy body fat range. Increased risk for health problems. (0) : Healthy; within the healthy body fat percentage range for your age/gender. (+) : Overfat; above the healthy range. Increased risk for health problems. (++) : Obese; high above the healthy body fat range. Greatly increased risk of obesity-related health problems. *Note : If you select Athlete mode, the unit will not display the Healthy Range Indicator. Athletes may have a lower body fat range depending on their particular sport or activity. This feature indicates the rating of visceral fat in your body. Visceral fat is the fat that is in the internal abdominal cavity, surrounding the vital organs in the trunk (abdominal) area. Research shows that even if your weight and body fat remains constant, as you get older the distribution of fat changes and is more likely to shift to the trunk area especially post menopause. Ensuring you, have healthy levels of visceral fat my reduce the risk of certain diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and the onset of type 2 diabetes. The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer will provide you with a visceral fat rating from 1 59. Rating from 1 to 12 Indicates you have a healthy level of visceral fat. Continue monitoring your rating to ensure that it stays within the healthy range. Rating from Indicates you have an excess level of visceral fat. Consider making changes in your lifestyle possibly through diet changes or increasing exercise. Source : Data from Columbia University (New York) & Tanita Institute (Tokyo) Note: Even if you have a low body fat rate, you may have a high visceral fat level. For medical diagnosis, consult a physician.
- What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
WHAT IS BMR? Your Basal Metabolic Rate(BMR) is the minimum level of energy your body needs when at rest to function effectively including your respiratory and circulatory organs, neural system, liver, kidneys, and other organs. You burn calories when sleeping. About 70% of calories consumed every day are used for your basal metabolism. In addition, energy is used when doing any kind of activity however; the more vigorous the activity is the more calories are burned. This is because skeletal muscle (which accounts for approximately 40% of your body weight) acts as your metabolic engine and uses a large amount of energy. Your basal metabolism is greatly affected by the quantity of muscles you have, therefor increasing your muscle mass will help increase your basal metabolism. By studying healthy individuals, scientists have found that as people age, their metabolic rate changes. Basal metabolism rises as a child matures. After a peak at the age of 16 or 17, it typically starts to decrease gradually. Having a higher basal metabolism will increase the number of calories used and help to decrease the amount of body fat. A low basal metabolic rate will make it harder to lose body fat and overall weight. HOW DOES A TANITA BODY COMPOSITION ANALYZER CALCULATE BMR? The basic way of calculating Basal Metabolic Rate BMR is a standard equation using weight and age. Tanita has conducted in-depth research into the relationship of BMR and body composition giving a much more accurate and personalized reading for the user based on the impedance measurement. This method has been medically validated using indirect calorimetry (measuring the breath composition).*

* Reliability on equation for Basal Metabolic Rate: At 2002 Nutrition Week : A Scientific and Clinical Forum and Exposition Title: International Comparison: Resting Energy Expenditure Prediction Models: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Various criteria)

- What is mascle mass?

This feature indicates the weight of muscle in your body. the muscle mass displayed includes the skeletal muscles, smooth muscles (such as cardiac and digestive muscles) and the water contained in these muscles. Muscles play an important role as they act as an engine in consuming energy. As your muscle mass increase, your energy consumption increases helping you reduce excess body fat levels and lose weight in a healthy way.
- What is physique rating?
This feature assesses your physique according to the ratio of body fat ad muscle mass in your body. As you become more active and reduce the amount of body fat, your physique rating will also change accordingly. Even though your weight may not change, your muscle mass and body fat levels may be changing making you healthier and at lower risk of certain diseases. Each person should set their own goal of which physique they would like and follow a diet and fitness program to meet that goal.

- What is metabolic age?

This feature calculates your BMR and indicates the average age associated with that type of metabolism. If your BMR Age is higher than your actual age, it is an indication that you need to improve your metabolic rate. Increased exercise will build healthy muscle tissue, which will improve your metabolic age. You will obtain a reading between 12 and 50. Under 12 will be displayed as 12 and over 50 displayed as 50.

Troubleshooting

- Please check the following before asking for repair.

Symptom

(Troubleshooting)

Please check

Run out of print paper
Impedance measurement error
Measure with bare feet. When the soles of your feet are dry, drop water for about 0.5 ml with the attached dropper on the electrodes before measurement. Check the input information.
Print paper is not supplied. e Supply paper. e In the case that the printer is not used, press CE and redo the initial setting.

Printer cover open

The printer cover is open. e Properly close it. e Check that the print paper is not slanted.

How to measure

Zero point error
Turn off the power, and remove the items on the platform and turn on the power again, and then redo the measurement.

Printer

Paper does not come out.
Check the settings. Is 0 set for the number of sheets to print in the determination of the number of sheets to print? page 13) e Press 1 3. ( The printer may be broken. e Contact the agent from which you have purchased the product. Is the reverse side of the print paper set? page 9) e Set the paper properly. ( The printer may be broken. e Contact the agent from which you have purchased the product.
The measured weight is not stable.
Is it installed at a place with vibrations? Is the platform inclined? pages 6 e Keep the platform horizontal. ( and 7) Is anything caught in the gaps of the platform? e Remove anything caught in the gaps.
The paper comes out, however, nothing has been printed.

Display part

Nothing is displayed even after turning on the power. is displayed.
Check that the power supply is connected correctly.
In the case that an error is displayed other than the above, turn off the power once, and then measure again. If the same error is displayed repeatedly, contact our customer service centre.
The weight to measure exceeds the measurement range.
Connection with a personal computer
GB The RS-232C interface enables input and output from this equipment. This equipment is not capable of being remotely controlled by external equipment, such as a computer.
(Connection with a personal computer)

- Connection Example

Please be sure to use a straight cable when the equipment is connected to an external computer.

- Specifications

Communication standards Communication method Signal speed Data bit length Parity Stop bit Flow control Terminator Compatible with EIA RS-232C Asynchronous communication method 9600 bps 8 bits NONE 1 bit NONE CR+LF
- Signal Names and Connection Methods

- Transmit data

Transmission Data is output immediately after measurement regardless of the status of the receiving equipment (personal computer, etc.). Therefore the receiving equipment needs to be ready to accept the data before measuring.

(2) Output data items

Order of output Item Control data Control data Control data Control data Model Serial No. ID number Date (dd/mm/yyyy) Time Body type Gender Age Height Clothes (preset tare) Weight Body fat % Fat mass Fat free mass Muscle mass Muscle score Bone mass TBW TBW % BMI Degree of obesity Visceral fat rating BMR (kJ) BMR (kcal) BMR score Metabolic age Rohrers index Target body fat % Predicted weight Predicted fat mass Fat to gain / lese Impedance Checksum Header {MO SN ID Da TI Bt GE AG Hm Pt Wk FW fW MW mW sW bW wW ww MI OV IF rb rB rJ rA RO gF gW gf gt ZF CS Format Fix to 16 Fix to 1 Fix to 1 Fix to 1 XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm 0 or or 2 XX XXX.X XX.X XXX.X XX.X XXX.X XXX.X XXX.X XX XXX.X XXX.X XXX.X XXX.X XXX.X XX.XX XX XXXXX XXXXX XX XX XXXX.X XX XXX.X XXX.X XXXX.X XXXX.X XX Contents 2 byte fixed length 1 byte fixed length 1 byte fixed length 1 byte fixed length 8 byte fixed length 10 byte fixed length 12 byte fixed length 12 byte fixed length 7 byte fixed length 1 byte fixed length (0: standard 2: athlete) 1 byte fixed length (1: male 2: female) byte variable length (unit: age, right-aligned) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: cm) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: %) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length (1-24) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: kg) byte variable length, to 1 place of decimals (unit: %) byte variable length byte variable length (unit: kJ) byte variable length (unit: kcal) byte variable length 2 byte fixed length byte variable length byte variable length byte variable length byte variable length byte variable length byte variable length 2 byte fixed length Body composition analyzer Adult Athlete Child (Connection with a personal computer)

Scale 1 2

(1) Output data format
The measured data is output in the following format. Each piece data is with a comma-delimited (,). The terminator (the end of the data) is CR (ASCII code 0DH), LF (ASCII code 0AH).

Standard body weight Sw

Technical notes
Body composition measurement by the BIA method.

Introduction

This equipment provides estimated values for each measured value of body fat percentage, fat mass, fatfree mass, muscle mass and bone mass by the DXA method, estimated value for the total body water measured value by the dilution method and estimated value for the visceral fat rating by MRI method using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA method). For measurement, a mode must be selected based on body type. 1) Standard (for 5-99 years of age) 2) Athletic (for Athletic persons who exercise considerably more than non-athlete) Making a distinction by body type in the measurement mode produces more reliable body composition measurements for athletic persons, whose body compositions differ from those of average persons.

(Technical notes)

- What is the visceral fat?
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is fat that accumulates in the abdominal cavity and around internal organs. VAT is said to be more likely to cause lifestyle-related diseases than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). Accordingly, knowing and periodically checking the VAT accumulation risk serves as an important guide in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Tanita has developed the technology for measuring the VAT accumulation risk through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in comparison with image analysis applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to the established technology for measuring the percent of body fat. The VAT accumulation risk is calculated by estimating the VAT area by the BIA method on the basis of MRI image processing. This method has a higher correlation than the estimation of the VAT accumulation risk based on BMI or abdominal circumference (waist circumference), allowing estimation that corresponds more precisely to individuals. * The VAT area by MRI is calculated by carrying out an image processing of the cross section of the lumber vertebra L4-L5 regions. (Fig. 1 - Fig. 3: Research results by N. Y. Columbia University and Jikei University Published by the North American Association for the Study of Obesity [NAASO] in 2004.)
- Principles of body composition measurement
BIA is a means of measuring body composition fat mass, predicted muscle mass, etc. by measuring bioelectrical impedance in the body. Fat within the body allows almost no electricity to pass through, while electricity passes rather easily through water, much of which is found in muscles. The degree of difficulty with which electricity passes through a substance is known as the electrical resistance, and the percentage of fat and other body constituents can be inferred from measurements of this resistance. The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer measures body composition using a constant current source with a high frequency current (50kHz, 90A). The 8 electrodes are positioned so that electric current is supplied from the electrodes on the tips of the toes of both feet, and voltage is measured on the heel of both feet. The current flows into the upper limbs or lower limbs, depending on the body part(s) to be measured.
- What is the DXA method?
DXA was originally designed to measure bone mineral content, but in the full-body scan mode the body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass of individual body parts (arms, legs, trunk) can also be measured. The image below shows one example of body composition measurement results obtained by DXA.
Body composition measurement results obtained by DXA (Lunar Co., Ltd; DPX-L)

- What is dilution method?
In the dilution method, a labeled substance for a known amount is given and the concentration in equilibrium diffusing evenly is measured to obtain the total amount of the solvent that dilutes the labeled substance. To measure the total body water (TBW), deuterium oxide (D2O) is generally used as the labeled substance. Deuterium oxide uses the overall total body water as dilution space so the total body water can be obtained. To obtain the extracellular fluid amount, sodium bromide (NaBr) is used as a labeled substance. Bromine (Br) is said to not enter the inside of cells, and uses extracellular fluid as the dilution space.
- Factors giving errors in measurement
In the BIA method, impedance is measured and the body composition is calculated based on the value. It is known that impedance changes by the amount of the total body water that occupies about 60% of weight and the change in its distribution and temperature change. Therefore, for the purpose of research or for daily repeating of measurements, the measurement conditions must be kept constant. Measurement under the changing conditions of temperature and total body water distribution or blood flow volume of extremities due to exercising, taking a bath, etc., affects the measurement result since the electric resistance in the body also changes. Therefore, it is recommended to measure under the following conditions for stable measurement. 1) 3 hours have passed after getting up and normal lifestyle activities are carried out during this period. (The impedance transits staying at a high level if you remain sitting after getting up or drive a car, etc.) 2) 3 hours or more have passed after eating. (For hours after eating, the impedance has a tendency to decrease.) 3) 12 hours or more have passed after vigorous exercise for measurement. (The tendency toward changes in impedance is not stable depending on the type and rigorousness of the exercise.) 4) If possible urinate before taking measurement. 5) For repeated measurements, measure at the same hour as much as possible. (At the same time of measurement of weight, the measurements can be made more stable by measuring at the same time of the day) Very stable measured values can be obtained by measuring under the above conditions. And in the development of this equipment, the following 6 items were set as conditions for the regression equation. 1) Prohibition of alcohol intake for 12 hours before measurement 2) Prohibition of excessive exercise for 12 hours before measurement. 3) Prohibition of excessive eating and drinking the day before measurement 4) Prohibition of eating and drinking for 3 hours before measurement 5) Avoidance of the menstrual period (women)

These inter-day changes stem from such causes as: 1) Temporary increases in body weight (total body water) through overeating and overdrinking 2) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during vigorous exercise 3) Dehydration due to alcohol consumption or the use of diuretics 4) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during saunas, etc. Accordingly, it is recommended that instructions be provided to the subject to help eliminate these causes when accurate measurements are needed.

2) Inter-day changes

The diagrams below offer examples of actual measurements made of inter-day changes. A study was done to determine the degree of change in the impedance between the feet during dehydration; the first two days represent a normal daily routine, while in the latter two days a state of dehydration was induced using a sauna. No significant inter-day change was measured in body weight, impedance between the feet, or body fat percentage during the normal daily routine. During the dehydrated state, however, a drop in body weight of 1kg was noted, with the impedance between the feet rising approximately 15 on the first day of dehydration and 30-35 on the second day. As a result, body fat percentage was up by around 1% on the first day of dehydration and by 1.5-2% on the second day. As mentioned earlier, impedance increases when body weight is reduced (such as by dehydration), and decreases when body weight is increased through excess consumption of food and drink. The inter-day change in impedance is thus inversely proportional to the change in body weight.
The New Regression Formula for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
It has long been said among medical and nutritional specialists that "The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is more determined by the Fat Free Mass (FFM) than by the body weight" (Persons of a given body weight with a higher FFM will have a higher BMR), and that from the aspect of evaluating the body composition, should be estimated from the FFM. In addition, in cases of simple estimation formulae which can calculate from the height, weight and age, without evaluating the body composition, there was a problem with excessively high evaluations being given to obese persons with large body weight, and conversely excessively small BMR evaluations given to muscular athletes, though these are not as many in number. Currently, the BMR estimation recursion formula developed by Tanita, the manufacturer of body composition analyzers, based on their research, works by multiple regressive analysis using this FFM, and has a higher degree of accuracy in the individual differences in body composition. In order to derive the BMR, resting respiratory metabolism (Resting Energy Expenditure: REE) was measured using a breath gas analysis device, and this estimation recursion formula was created based on this data.

270 kg / 0.1 kg Weight Maximum Capacity / Minimum Graduation Measurement 42 st 12 lb / 0.2 lb Accuracy at first calibration Clothes Weight Gender Input Items Body Type Age Height Target Body Fat % 0.2 kg ( 0.4 lb) 0 - 10 kg / 0.1 kg increments Male / Female Standard (5 - 99 years) / Athletic (18 - 99 years) 5 - 99 years old / 1 year increments 90 - 249.9 cm / 0.1 cm increments 4 - 55 % 3 ft - 7 ft 11.5 in / 0.5 in increments
Copyright 2008 TANITA Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

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