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The Earth receives energy from the Sun in the form of radiation. The Earth reflects about 30% of the incident solar flux; the remaining 70% is absorbed, warming the land, atmosphere and oceans, and powering life on this planet. To the extent that the Earth is in a steady state, the energy stored in the atmosphere and ocean does not change in time, so energy equal to the absorbed solar radiation must be radiated back to space. Earth radiates energy into space as black-body radiation, which maintains a thermal equilibrium. This thermal, infrared radiation increases with increasing temperature. One can think of the Earth's temperature as being determined by the infrared flux needed to balance the absorbed solar flux.
Solar radiation at top of atmosphere and at Earth's surface. The visible solar radiation heats the surface, not the atmosphere, whereas most of the infrared radiation escaping to space is emitted from the upper atmosphere, not the surface. The infrared photons emitted by the surface are mostly absorbed by the atmosphere and do not escape directly to space. The reason why this results in a warming of the surface is most easily understood by starting with a model of a purely radiative greenhouse effect, in which one ignores the fact that a large part of the energy transfer in the atmosphere is not in fact radiative, but associated with convection (sensible heat transport) and the evaporation and condensation of water vapor, or latent heat transport. In this purely radiative case, one can think of the atmosphere as emitting infrared radiation both upwards and downwards. The upward infrared flux emitted by the surface must balance not only the absorbed solar flux but also this downward infrared flux emitted by the atmosphere. The surface temperature will rise until it generates thermal radiation equivalent to the sum of these two incident radiation streams. A more realistic picture taking into account the convective and latent heat fluxes is somewhat more complex. But the following simple model captures the
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essence. The starting point is to note that the opacity of the atmosphere to infrared radiation determines the height in the atmosphere from which most of the photons emitted to space are emitted. If the atmosphere is more opaque, the typical photon escaping to space will be emitted from higher in the atmosphere, because one then has to go to higher altitudes to see out to space in the infrared. Since the emission of infrared radiation is a function of temperature, it is the temperature of the atmosphere at this emission level that is effectively determined by the requirement that the emitted flux balance the absorbed solar flux. But the temperature of the atmosphere generally decreases with height above the surface, at a rate of roughly 6.5 C per kilometer on average, until one reaches the stratosphere 10-15 km above the surface. (Most infrared photons escaping to space are emitted by the troposphere, the region bounded by the surface and the stratosphere, so we can ignore the stratosphere in this simple picture.) A very simple model, but one that proves to be remarkably useful, involves the assumption that this temperature profile is simply fixed, by the nonradiative energy fluxes. Given the temperature at the emission level of the infrared flux escaping to space, one then computes the surface temperature by increasing temperature at the rate of 6.5 C per kilometer, the environmental lapse rate, until one reaches the surface. The more opaque the atmosphere, and the higher the emission level of the escaping infrared radiation, the warmer the surface, since one then needs to follow this lapse rate over a larger distance in the vertical. While less intuitive than the purely radiative greenhouse effect, this less familiar radiative-convective picture is the starting point for most discussions of the greenhouse effect in the climate modeling literature. The term "greenhouse effect" is a source of confusion in that actual greenhouses do not warm by this same mechanism The greenhouse gases Quantum mechanics provides the basis for computing the interactions between molecules and radiation. Most of this interaction occurs when the frequency of the radiation closely matches that of the spectral lines of the molecule, determined by the quantization of the modes of vibration and rotation of the molecule. (The electronic excitations are generally not relevant for infrared radiation, as they require energy larger than that in an infrared photon.) The width of a spectral line is an important element in understanding its importance for the absorption of radiation. In the Earths atmosphere these spectral widths are primarily determined by pressure broadening, which is the distortion of the spectrum due to the collision with another molecule. Most of the infrared absorption in the atmosphere can be thought of as occurring while two molecules are colliding. The absorption due to a photon interacting with a lone molecule is relatively small. This three-body aspect of the problem, one photon and two molecules, makes direct quantum mechanical computation for

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molecules of interest more challenging. Careful laboratory spectroscopic measurements, rather than ab initio quantum mechanical computations, provide the basis for most of the radiative transfer calculations used in studies of the atmosphere. The molecules/atoms that constitute the bulk of the atmosphere; oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2) and argon; do not interact with infrared radiation significantly. While the oxygen and nitrogen molecules can vibrate, because of their symmetry these vibrations do not create any transient charge separation that enhances the interaction with radiation. In the Earths atmosphere, the dominant infrared absorbing gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone (O3), these molecules being floppier so that their rotation/vibration modes are more easily excited. For example, carbon dioxide is a linear molecule, but it has an important vibrational mode in which the molecule bends with the carbon in the middle moving one way and the oxygens on the ends moving the other way, creating some charge separation, a dipole moment. A substantial part of the greenhouse effect due to carbon dioxide exists because this vibration is easily excited by infrared radiation. Clouds are also very important infrared absorbers. Therefore, water has multiple effects on infrared radiation, through its vapor phase and through its condensed phases. Other absorbers of significance include methane, nitrous oxide and the chlorofluorocarbons. Discussion of the relative importance of different infrared absorbers are confused by the overlap between the spectral lines due to different gases, widened by pressure broadening. As a result, the absorption due to one gas cannot be thought of as independent of the presence of other gases. One convenient approach is to remove the chosen constituent, leaving all other absorbers, and the temperatures, untouched, and monitoring the infrared radiation escaping to space. The reduction in infrared absorption is then a measure of the importance of that constituent. More precisely, define the greenhouse effect (GE) to be the difference between the infrared radiation that the surface would radiate to space if there were no atmosphere and the actual infrared radiation escaping to space. Then compute the percentage reduction in GE when a constituent is removed. The table below is computed by this method, using a particular 1-dimensional model of the atmosphere. More recent 3D computations lead to similar results.

Gas removed

percent reduction in GE
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(Source: Ramanathan and Coakley, Rev. Geophys and Space Phys., (1978)) By this particular measure, water vapor can be thought of as providing 36% of the greenhouse effect, and carbon dioxide 12%, but the effect of removal of both of these constituents will be greater than 48%. An additional proviso is that these numbers are computed holding the cloud distribution fixed. But removing water vapor from the atmosphere while holding clouds fixed is not likely to be physically relevant. In addition, the effects of a given gas are typically nonlinear in the amount of that gas, since the absorption by the gas at one level in the atmosphere can remove photons that would otherwise interact with the gas at another altitude. The kinds of estimates presented in the table, while often encountered in the controversies surrounding global warming, must be treated with caution. Different estimates found in different sources typically result from different definitions and do not reflect uncertainties in the underlying radiative transfer.
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4. KYOTO PROTOCOL

The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases. The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 160 countries globally and over 55% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Objectives

Kyoto is intended to cut global emissions of greenhouse gases.
The objective is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted an average global rise in temperature of 1.4C (2.5F) to 5.8 C (10.4F) between 1990 and 2100). Proponents also note that Kyoto is a first step as requirements to meet the UNFCCC will be modified until the objective is met.
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The treaty was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed on March 15, 1999. The agreement came into force on February 16, 2005 following ratification by Russia on November 18, 2004. As of December 2006, a total of 169 countries and other governmental entities have ratified the agreement. Notable exceptions include the United States and Australia. Other countries, like India and China, which have ratified the protocol, are not required to reduce carbon emissions under the present agreement despite their relatively large populations.

5. ELECTRICITY

Electricity represents one fifth of the total energy used in Europe. It is the energy that sustains our present welfare and well-being. Our refrigerator, television, washing machine, and most of our household appliances run on electricity. A significant share of water heating or room air conditioning is obtained using electricity. The amount of electricity used for the residential uses has increased, in the last decades, in line with economic growth. We cannot continue in this direction, along a business as usual scenario. Our industry acknowledges the need to reduce the impact of the use of energy on the environment. The questions that we faced were: How can we produce more energy efficient appliances, maintaining or even improving their performances, at an affordable price for the consumer? CECED producers (European Committee of Domestic Equipment manufacturers) faced these questions long before the Kyoto Protocol was issued. Industries have always been working for improving the energy efficiency, and every solution, which was proven to be effective, has been adopted so far, resulting in dramatic improvements on the energy efficiency of the products. Non-efficient products have been written off, the efficiency of other products has been constantly improved. And the research doesn't stop. At the same time the consumers demand stimulates industries to improve technology and performances of their products, generating a many-fold benefit: better products for the consumer, better economy and a better environment for the society. Manufacturers and consumers share a high responsibility towards the energy issue and they can and must do more.
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The achievement of a good level of rational use of energy is the result of a complex interaction of technological and market transformations. In a global economy this represents a very complex issue. Eventually it does not matter how many technological progresses are made, if consumers are not ready to buy them. Legislation cannot just fix consumer choices and behaviours. This is the main reason why industry has strongly supported the development of two key policy programmes at European level: Energy label directives and unilateral industry commitments on energy efficiency. The former create the framework, within the Single Market, to make consumers aware of the relevance of the energy and of the benefit of more efficient products for them. The latter allow improving the average energy performance of the products sold, safeguarding industrial interest and customer satisfaction. Over the last 10 years, European manufacturers have invested 10 billion at their own cost, to improve the energy-efficiency and the performance of appliances. The results are impressive. 34 TWh since 1995. Considering average fossil fuel mix used in electricity generation, it means that about 17 Mtons CO2 are no longer discharged into the atmosphere. This amount corresponds to the CO2 generated by approximately 5 million cars or 9 thermo-electric generation plants of 500 MW each. Yet there is still a huge potential for additional savings in electricity generation and in the resulting harmful emissions into the atmosphere: 44 TWh by replacing overnight the 188 million outdated appliances over-10 year old, still in use in European homes, with cutting-edge technology ones. It would mean a sudden (theoretical) cut of about 22 Mtons CO2 no longer released into the atmosphere, i.e. 6% of the original Kyoto targets.

Turnover

Types of packaging
Financing Ecoembalajes Espaa ( Ecoembes) is a non-profit company. Its activity is financed by the contributions made by the packaging companies belonging to
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the IMS, according to the number of packages put for the first-time on the Spanish market and the material used to make them. All this packaged products are identified with the Green Dot logo. Ecoembes uses these contributions to finance the extra-cost that the selective collection, transport, classification and subsequent recycling and recovery of the packaging waste means to the local authorities. The packaging companies that want to belong to Ecoembes's IMS in order to comply with the law, enter into a Membership Contract and fill in an annual return regarding the packing put on the Spanish market, from which their contribution to the IMS is deducted.
Green dot is an official distinctive present in the EU in plastics, cans, tetra briks, paper and glass. It guarantees that that the packing which has it fulfils the Law of packings and packing residues which forces the packager to recover the residues generated by its activity and that its producer adheres to the IMS.
The Moebius triangle or Moebius circle is in almost all the plastic packings. A code or a number under it indicates what type of material it is. It identifies the recycling of materials. The arrows represent the three states of recycling: collection, conversion in a new recycled product and packing. It avoids different materials getting mixed. Tariffs
How are the licence fees calculated? Packaging material Tariffs in euros/kg (excl. VAT) 0.28 0.247 0.051 0.212
Flexible HDPE / LDPE/ Other plastics PET / HDPE (rigid body) Paper/cardboard Beverage cartons
Steel Aluminium Wood Ceramics Other materials Glass: > 500 ml > 125 ml, < =500 ml < =125 ml 0.059 0.102 0.019 0.018 0.261 Euros / unit 0.0078 0.01053 0.0039 0.00527 0.00293 0.00396
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The fees include material costs and the tonnage of all materials recovered. The fees differ for each material and the costs depend on weight (except for glass, which will have a unit cost, depending on which of 3 volume group it falls into). Composite materials: That is, packaging made of 2 or more materials, that are originally separate but when they form the packaging are difficult for the final consumer to separate. From 2003 onwards it will always contribute as if it were entirely composed of the majority material. Regarding Green Dot fees 2006/2007, the fees for plastics have been splitted up into two categories due to the different treatment costs and the different value of the recovered material. Examples (without transport packaging)

HOODS All our chimney hoods fulfil ROHS Norm, being an indispensable condition to be our electric or electronic supplier that all the materials fulfil Rohs Norm.
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Introduction: Environmental protection is a determinant factor in the development of our activity and we are committed with the compliance of the environmental legislation in force and other environmental requirements which involve environmental benefit for the society. Continued improvement is the main performance principle, setting minimising plans of residues and spillages. Optimising human resources and materials, including raw materials directed to the permanent improvement regarding environment, preventing pollution.
Processes: Currently in all the processes implemented, somehow capable to alter environment balance, due to atmosphere emissions, generation of dangerous residues or water pollution, have been applied and still are implemented the best techniques available in the sector (MTD) according to the document BREF issued by the European Commission in September 2005 and according the legislation in force. These techniques are based on prevention, minimising and control of pollution. Furthermore we have final treatments to avoid negative impacts on the environment. All the waters which can pollute the environment are treated in our facilities through a system of physical and chemical purification. The gases before their emission pass through a wash tower. Hazardous residues are managed through an authorised manager. Product: By definition, hoods are the only home appliance whose main function is environmentally friendly, since its operation is designed to purify the fumes and odours before being emitted outside. 1.- All Teka hoods are designed to incorporate in all the models the recirculation system. This system allows filtering the air before being expelled outside, reducing the emission of grease particles and other gases suspended 2.- We have hoods with humidity detector, as well as stop delay what makes the appliance operate only when it is necessary, avoiding unnecessary consume of energy and loss of heating / air conditioning. 3.- The packaging of our products are environmentally friendly having as a priority the following items:

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purifier: this, apart from protecting the washing machine from the damages caused by lime, reduces the energy consume. And if not, the efficiency of the detergent can be improved without increasing its consume, adding a small quantity of some specific product against the lime. These measures reduce considerably the necessity of repairs. But, how to know if the water is hard? Simply immersing the strips that are sold with that purpose in aquariums, ironmongers or stores that sell household goods, paint, etc. To know the water hardness degree is useful because the quantity of calcium salts and magnesium present influences particularly the washing results. To decrease its negative action, the detergents have special components which have the function to counteract it, for that reason the quantity of detergent which must be used increases in function of the water hardness. Not for nothing, the instructions in the detergent indicate the right dose according to the water hardness: if its soft (lower than 15 French ) is enough a smaller dose than necessary if the water is hard (higher than 25 French). The white clothes and the colour clothes must be washed separately. It is advisable to assemble the small clothes like sockets in a special cover for these garments. Once the wash is over and the clothes pulled out is convenient to let the gasket dry and leave for some time, the door ajar. To get a perfect wash of the clothes, never exceed the maximum quantity recommended by the producer. This way, the clothes will move with looseness bringing a wash and a spinning of more quality. Check if the clothes have objects in the pockets like coins, pins, etc, that way you will avoid the obstruction of the pump in the discharge area.
The new washing machines TKE 1260 S, LI 1260 S, LI 1060 S and LSE 1200 S are equipped with a double water inlet for cold and warm water in order to go along with the new legislations about new building construction. This allows saving energy.
Dishwashers tips and advices to save energy Generally speaking, according to the habits of an average European family, the dishwasher consumes 1,2-1,8 Kwh and 20-30 grammes of detergent in the cycles of wash at 65 ( apart from the added expense of 0,08 euros for the rinse aid and the salt automatically measured out). Firstly, put the dishwasher only when it is full, learning how to place crockery properly taking advantage of the space, avoiding piling up which do not leave water pass through all the surfaces. This way, the wash cycle can be reduced in 1/3 even in . Also regarding the water

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Ovens advices to save energy Preheat only when it is indispensable Prevent opening the oven, especially during the heating time, in such a way there are not heat losses and it lasts longer to reach the desired temperature; also during the cooking is better opening the door only the indispensable. Every time we open the oven, between 25 and 50 are lost. If we use the inner light of the oven to check the state of the food we will get an important energy saving. Switch off the oven before ending the cooking, in order to take advantage of the residual heat in the last stage. Chose ovens with Turbo, because they guarantee a homogeneous and quick distribution and they reduce the necessary time. The most suitable moulds are the metal ones with dark colour or the enamelled ones since they absorb heat particularly well. Heat the oven previously only in case the recipe indicates it. For an optimum output of the oven, we recommend preheating the oven and do not introduce foods until the oven has reached the right temperature. Its inner cleaning is perfect if the oven is hot, that way, you take advantage of heat to eliminate stains which are still not dry. Do not use abrasive products or cleaning utensils which can scratch the oven.
Microwaves advices to save energy The microwaves require another question altogether because they have more reduced consume than traditional ovens, it is much faster and it does not involve preheating: in some minutes can boil or defrost any food. The most evident handicap of this type of cooking stated by the lack of gold in the surface of the foods, is that it does not have the quality of a traditional oven. An improved function is the one that offer the combis which combine the microwaves and the ovens with fan or grill and subsequently allow the gold of the foods. This way, they cannot be considered microwaves in a strict sense. From an energetic point of view (without including the sun oven because it does not represent an easily useable solution) the microwaves thanks to the lighting time and the speed of cooking, it would be the most suitable one but its scope is quite different from the traditional ovens; amongst this the most efficient one is the methane one.
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Refrigerators advices to save energy Installation: For optimum use and do not waste energy, the refrigerator has to be placed in the coolest place of the kitchen, far away from windows, cookers, heaters or any other heat supply and it must not receive directly the sun rays. Apart from installing it, taking into account the advices of the producer, in such a way that a good of the condenser is achieved ( at a distance of at least 15 cm from the wall and leaving some space up and down to facilitate the ventilation); for that reason, you must be careful not to hamper the ventilation if the refrigerator is built-in. Cleaning and maintenance: The condenser placed in the rear part of the refrigerator must be cleaned at least once a year (after unplugging it): the dust layer creates an isolating effect which hampers the cooling. It is good to check the state of the gaskets of the door and if they are damaged replace them. To make sure of the good operation of the doors, you have to place one sheet of paper in the chink, the door closes and the paper is thrown away, if you notice a slight resistance, it means it is in good state. The gasket of the door must be cleaned and very now and then apply some talcum powder to keep it elastic. Defrost often and never leave the layer of ice exceed 5 mm thickness, because apart from reducing useful space, it takes cold away and isolates it: a layer of ice of only 2 mm in the walls increases the consume by 10% and if it reaches 10 mm, it doubles.

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Did you know that? More than half of the green house effect created by the human being is due to the C02 emissions. We also produce C02 at home. For every Kw/h energy we consume, 400 gr C02 are emitted to the atmosphere. An A+ refrigerator can consume 53% less than a C Class one. This involves along the useful life of an appliance more than 400 Euros saving and avoiding the emission to the atmosphere of 1.5 tons CO2 Home appliances are responsible of more than 50% electric consume. The refrigerator is responsible of more than 18% of the electric bill. If all the refrigerators in Spain change to A Class there would be a saving of energy equivalent to disconnect around 700,000 homes, a city like Valencia. An A Class dishwasher can allow a family a yearly saving of more than 30,000 litres of water versus handwash. The consumption of water in the world has doubled between 1960 and 2000 and it is esteemed that in 2002 was used more than 50% of the total sweet water available. A study at Bonn University estimates that the Spaniards consume averagely 106 litres handwashing the crockery. An A class dishwasher represents 85% water saving, getting a better cleaning. Induction hobs consume 33% less than vitroceramic hobs. Along its cycle of life induction saves the energy equivalent to the consumption of a family during more than 9 months (cost of 270 Euros) and avoids the emission to the atmosphere of more than 1 ton of C02. In 2002 the human consume exceeded 20% the biological capacity of the Earth and we estimate that in 2050 we will exceed it between 80%-120%. Currently, the quantity of Co2 emitted every year is between 6,000- 7,000 million tons. Each home is responsible to produce up to 5 yearly tons of Co2. An A class washing machine consumes 40% less than a D class one. This means along the useful life of an appliance to avoid the emission to the atmosphere of more than half ton of Co2 as well as more than 200 Euros saving in the electric bill. Moreover, more than 35,000 litres of water would be saved.
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An A class washing machine consumes 30% less than a C class one. With the energy saved, you could iron for more than 700 hours. Furthermore, the emission of more than half a ton of C02 would be avoided.
An A+ refrigerator can consume 44% less than a B class one. That is, along its useful life, we will have saved almost one ton of C02 and save approximately 65 Euros.
Average cost of the refrigerator 650 Euros 500 Euros The A+ refrigerator is 150 Euros more expensive Energy consumption in 10 years 2680 Euros 4825 Euros The A+ refrigerator consumes 44% less Cost of energy in 10 years 268 Euros 482 Euros The A+ refrigerator consumes 214,5 Euros less

Consumption used for the definition of energy class
PRODUCER A According to the label A A to G According to the label

SPINNING SPEED (rpm)

Washing machine Front load.

According to R.D. label

TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL
WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L WASHING MACHINE F.L
TEKA TEKA TEKA TEKA TEKA TEKA TEKA TEKA TEKA THOR KPPERSBUSCH
LIE LIE LIE TKE 1200 T TKX 1000 T TKX 800 T TKE 1260 S LI 1060 S LI 1260 S TLIW 1409.I

A A A A A A A A A A A

1,14 1,14 1,14 1,48 1,14 1,14 1,13 1,14 1,14 1,14 0,85

B C D B C D B B C C B

6 7,6 5
0,19 0,19 0,19 0,20 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,17

DISHWASHERS DATABASE

PLACE SETTINGS MODEL Model A According to the label A or B A to G Number of place settings ENERGY CLASS ENERGY CONSUMPTION WASHING DRYING (kWh/cycle) EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY WATER CONSUMPTION (l) OUTER DIMENSIONS Height (mm) OUTER OUTER DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS Width (mm) Depth (mm)

Dishwasher

TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL TEKA INDUSTRIAL
DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS DISHWASHERS

0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79
TEKA INDUSTRIAL Conventional Conventional Conventional Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Conventional Conventional Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking Fan traditional cooking 562
HI-659 Fan traditional cooking 562

HI-75E

HI-585

HA-850

HA-890

HR-600ME

HR-600

HR-800ME

HR-800

HR-800E

HC-521ME

HI-521ME

HI-621

HI-625

HI-625 ME

HA-820

HA-830

HA-840

HA-850 C

HA-890 C

HC-560

HC-600

HI-560

HM-815

HM-815 ME

HA-845

HR-700

HI-609

HK-500
HK-700 KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6800.5
KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6600.5 KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6500.5

590 590

550 550
KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6450.5 KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6300.5
Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven Oven
KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6200.5 KPPERSBUSCH EEB 6150.5
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium

0,79 0,79 0,79 0,76 0,79 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,76 0,79 0,79 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,78 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,76 0,75 0,74 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79
Energy efficiency begins at home with efficient appliances

March 2007

Business as usual is not sustainable
Potential of reducing CO2 emissions by 22 million tons per year
Significant improvements over the past 20+ years
The average washing machine today consumes 44% less energy and 62% less water compared to the average machine of 1985. Todays best refrigerator consumes only one fourth of a typical refrigerator from 1990.

This is the result of:

voluntary commitments energy labels competition
kWh/day kWh/year /year 1.100 1.82 0.46

Savings to make

This new refrigerator cost 25 to run for one year, or 375 over 15 years
The refrigerator from 1990 costs 100 /year to run that is 1500 over 15 years
And yet, despite all our efforts and despite the fact that the consumer can reduce electricity cost with ~75/year, transformation is not taking place.

A huge waste of energy

Product average life time is 13 years
50 year old appliances can still be found in use
Consumers see a value in old appliances as long as they still work. Running cost and environmental impact are disregarded or not known.
We are marketing more efficient appliances, but it is not enough to guarantee transformation
We call on governments to play a more active role to achieve the needed societal change
The Energy efficiency plan is a golden opportunity
to make Europe more energy efficient.
We call on governments to investigate market transformation instruments to complement traditional policies such as labelling and product efficiency.
With only labelling and efficiency measures, the real effect of CO2 reduction will come in approximately 10 years.
Why wait that long and cause unnecessary CO2 emissions in the meantime ?
Long term incentive schemes are required
To secure that consumers:
A. replace old installed inefficient appliances select the most efficient appliances when they select new appliances.
Several possible mechanisms
Tax credits for consumers (Italy)
Tax credits for producers (US)
Energy efficiency certificates (France, Britain, Italy)

Total 633.8m

Lrge household a appliances

10 years <

Refrigerators Freezr e Total 265.4m Washing Machines Total 162.9m

10 years >

187.7m
Potential to reduce CO2 emissions with 22Mt/year
.by replacing the 188 million old inefficient appliances that are installed in the households, by current technologies.

6% of the Kyoto target

12 Thermo-electric power plants
Replacing 188 million outdated large appliances would provide savings of up to 44 TWh, which is eqivalent to 12 new u thermo- lectric e plants (of 500 MW each).
Policy for energy efficiency is not enough
In order to be successful, a policy for our sector must be based upon 3 elements:
1. Energy efficient technology
2. Mandatory energy labelling
3. Diffusion of state-of-the-art technology
The potential is not utilised with performance standards and labelling reqirements alone. u
Incentives schemes to promote early replacement are essential.

In summary

CECED manufacturers are committed to develop and deliver efficient appliances to consumers.
We expect that the authorities: deploy incentive schemes to promote the replacement of outdated appliances. sustain a fair return on investment which is the pre- ondition for any further investments. c