1903 1922

TW O ARCH RIVALS. ONE INNOVATIVE COMPANY At the beginning of the last century, two rival research groups were working in the field of wireless telegraphy. The Slaby-Arco group was represented by the radio-telegraphy department of AEG, founded in 1899. The other as the Braun-Siemens group, represented by a company called Gesellschaft fr drahtlose Telegraphie, System Prof. Braun und Siemens & Halske GmbH. Under the advice of Emporer Wilhelm II, the two groups merged to form the Gesellschaft fr drahtlose Telegraphie mbH company on May 27, 1903. And the rest is history. A TELEFUNKEN FIRST The very first Telefunken customers were the German Army and the Imperial Navy. Telefunken was proud to deliver the first two transmitters for the new coastal radio station, Norddeich Radio, in November 1905. In October 1906, the expansion of a much larger Nauen station was completed with a range of 300 km and HF output of 10 kW. Welcome to the power of Telefunken. M EET DR. TELEFUNKEN Dr. Georg Graf Von Arco was the first Technical Director and Managing Director of the Gesellschaft fr drahtlose Telegraphie mbH in 1903. He was also the holder of more than one hundred patents. Among other inventions, he initiated the high-frequency mechanical transmitter and the wavemeter. Necessity is the mother of invention. Or in this case, German inventions.

1923 1936

TELEFUNKEN GOES COM M ERCIAL On April 17, 1904, the company changed its name to "Telefunken, Gesellschaft fr drahtlose Telegraphie", and on July 26, 1932 Telefunkenplatte GmbH officially began its commercial activity with registered capital of 100,000 Reichsmarks. The station in the Telefunken building, Tempelhofer Ufer 9 in Berlin, began broadcasting concerts regularly two and a half months before the official start of the "Deutsche Rundfunkverkehr". The world tour of the Graf Zeppelin airship in 1929 got off the ground by using Telefunken transmitters, receivers and directional equipment exclusively. Also, on October 31, 1928, during the 5th Grand German Radio Exhibition in Berlin, Telefunken presented a television set with the Karolus-Telefunken system, a scanning process of film images through a Mechau projector with a Nipkow disk, in public for the first time. M EET TELEFUNKENS M AD SCIENTISTS Dr. Hans Bredow is considered to be the "Father of Broadcasting". He was employed at Telefunken from 1904 to 1919 as a Project Manager, and later as Managing Director. Prof. Dr. Walter Bruch developed the very first electronic television camera, with which he participated in the live broadcast of the Olympic Summer Games in Berlin in 1936. He also earned international fame by inventing the PAL color television system. He joined Telefunken's Television and Physical Research Department in 1935. These two innovators thought out of the TV box and helped shape and make Telefunken what it is today. W ELCOM E TO RADIO TELEFUNKEN he German radio station in Zeesen near Knigswusterhausen (8 kW shortwave transmitter) was built by Telefunken and was officially placed in service on August 28, 1929. The Mhlacker radio station (60 kW output) was handed over on December 20, 1930. Telefunken is now in, and on, the air.
TELEFUNKEN GOES FOR THE GOLD, SILVER AND BRONZE In 1935, Telefunken equipped the Olympic Stadium, the Maifeld and the Dietrich-Eckhardt Stage with electrical-acoustic equipment for the Olympics. On August 1, 1936 at the XI Olympic Summer Games in Berlin, an electronic television camera, known as the Ikonoskop, was used for the first time for a direct transmission. Again, another Telefunken first. And second. And third

1936- 1954

NOW PLAYING ON CHANNEL TELEFUNKEN The first fully electronic television studio equipped by Telefunken for the Deutsche Reichspost was opened with a live broadcast in August 1938. The 500 kW long wave transmitter in Herzberg, also known as the most powerful German broadcast transmitter, was supplied by Telefunken and began to operate on May 19, 1939. ITS NOT A M ERGER. ITS A POW ERHOUSE On September 24, 1941, AEG took over the 50% of Telefunken shares owned by Siemens & Halske AG valued at 20 million Reichsmarks. Thus, Telefunken became a 100% subsidiary of AEG. In exchange, Siemens & Halske AG received the shares of Eisenbahn-Signalwerken, Klangfilmgesellschaft mbH and Deutsche Betriebsgesellschaft fr drahtlose Telegraphie (DEBEG) owned by AEG. Strength in numbers, indeed. POST W W II The reconstruction after the World War II posed a particularly difficult challenge to Telefunken. All production facilities and equipment were destroyed, disassembled or confiscated and many valuable experts were scattered around the world. Rebuilding began in West Germany and Berlin in 1945, and the production of tubes and transmitters was resumed the same year. But growth was on the way.

THE TELEFUNKEN COM E BACK In 1953 Telefunken already comprised six plants and five sales offices in Berlin, Ulm, Frankfurt/Main and Hanover again.The range of products consisted of long-range communications systems, radio and television transmitters, marine radios, commercial receivers, directional and navigation systems, radar devices, deci and UHF directional radio connections, mobile radio systems, portable radio systems, HF heat generators, measuring equipment, electro-acoustical systems, music centers, record players, transmitter tubes, radio tubes, special tubes and quartz crystals. As you can see, Telefunken was relentless and has come a long way. PROF. DR. DR. W ILHELM T. RUNGE THE FIRST Prof. Dr. Dr. Wilhelm T. Runge (1895-1987) performed trailblazing work in radio and radar technology and played a significant role in the development of microwave in Germany. He was especially renowned internationally in the field of high-frequency technology. As well as for having a few, very important titles before his name.

1955 1962

AS TELEFUNKEN GROW S, SO DOES ITS NET W ORTH The name of the company was changed to Telefunken GmbH on January 4, 1955. Due to the expanded business activities of Telefunken, AEG increased the capital of the company to DM 100 million in 1958. THE FIRST GERM AN STEREO STUDIO. BROUGHT TO YOU BY TELEFUNKEN The Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) station ordered the first German stereo studio in 1961. The harbor radar system, supplied by Telefunken, was officially placed for service in Hamburg Harbor in August 1962, while the first German transistor receiver (six transistors) was produced in a test series in 1956. Prof. Dr. Walter Bruch filed the fundamental PAL "time decoder" patent on December 31, 1962. It was the first German stereo studio of its kind, and Telefunken sought to it that there was nothing else quite like it.

1963-1978

W HATS IN A NAM E? Telefunken GmbH became Telefunken AG on July 5, 1963. On June 23, 1966, the General Shareholder Meeting of AEG passed a resolution to integrate Telefunken AG into Allgemeine Elektrizitts-Gesellschaft. Based on an operating lease agreement, the business activities of Telefunken were transferred to AEG effective January 1, 1967, and were continued under the combined name AEG-Telefunken. In March 1968, AEG-Telefunken developed a new mediumrange radar system (Type SER-LL), which was able to detect targets at an altitude of 24,000 meters at a distance of 280 kilometers. Telefunken expands on land, as well as in the air. TAPE RECORDERS W ORTH M ILLIONS AEG-Telefunken delivered the two-millionth tape recorder, a Magnetophon 204 TS, on August 5, 1969. The ten-millionth black-and-white television picture tube was produced in Ulm on January 27, 1970. The numbers are astounding. As is Telefunken.AEG-Telefunken delivered the two-millionth tape recorder, a Magnetophon 204 TS, on August 5, 1969. The ten-millionth black-and-white television picture tube was produced in Ulm on January 27, 1970. The numbers are astounding. As is Telefunken. ECONOMIC SLOW DOW N There was a worldwide economic slowdown in the wake of the oil crisis in 1974. The competition in consumer electronics sector also became more difficult due to Japanese suppliers. The only profitable divisions of the company at this time were telecommunications and traffic technology. But Telefunken, as usual, was known for their resilience

1979- 1983

THE NAME GAME CONTINUES The name of the overall company was changed to AEG-Telefunken Aktiengesellschaft on June 21, 1979. The "Aktiengesellschaft" [stock corporation] suffix was necessary due to a new law in the European Community. In 1979, AEG-Telefunken supplied the complete telecommunications and high-voltage equipment for the International Congress Center (ICC) Berlin, valued at DM 50 million. In January 1983 the company received an order for simulation systems for electronic battle simulation for training Tornado crews of the German Luftwaffe and Navy. The total value was at DM 37 million. The net worth: priceless. TOUGH TIM ES FOR TELEFUNKEN Court composition proceedings were opened against the assets of AEG-Telefunken AG by the District Court in Frankfurt / Main on October 31, 1982. The District Court Frankfurt / Main confirmed the composition of AEG-Telefunken AG in accordance with the petition filed and closed the proceedings on September 19, 1984. Even during this difficult financial situation, AEG-Telefunken continued its business and founded AEG-Telefunken Nachrichtentechnik GmbH (ATN), in Backnang, Germany, together with Bosch, Mannesmann and Allianz Versicherungs-AG in 1981, as well as Telefunken electronic GmbH (TEG) in the field of electronic components (semiconductors) together with United Technologies Corporation (UTC), USA in 1982. On July 1, 1992, AEG-Telefunken and Deutsche Aerospace (Dasa) founded Telefunken Microelektronic GmbH (TEMIC), into which Telefunken Elektronic GmbH was integrated among others. But Telefunken was determined to prevail.
A FINAL, BUT NOT LAST, TURN Effective March 31, 1983, the French group Thomson-Brandt S.A. took over 75 percent of the AEG-Telefunken shares in Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH, Hanover, Germany, including its German and foreign subsidiaries. The remaining 25 percent were supposed to follow on January 31, 1984. Daimler-Benz AG entered the company in autumn of 1985 and decided in Autumn 1995 to dissolve the legal entity and transferred the remaining assets to EHG Electroholding GmbH. Thus, the history of the company was over. But not that of its brands. A historical overview is offered by the company archive of AEG-Telefunken in the "Deutsches Technikmusem Berlin", Trebbiner Str. 9, 10963 Berlin.

1984 2004

INNOVATION YESTERDAY. TODAY. AND TOMORROW Currently, the Telefunken brand and name rights lie with Telefunken Licenses GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. This company is one hundred percent subsidiary of EHG Elektroholding GmbH, Frankfurt/Main. EHG, on the other hand, is the legal successor of AEG Aktiengesellschaft. The licensor is Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. A differentiation is made between brand licensing agreements, name use agreements and combined agreements. And third-party use always requires the written approval of the licensor. In 2003, Telefunken can look back at one-hundred years of brand history. In the past, Telefunken was associated with significant technical developments and enjoyed the reputation of a successful German company. The Telefunken brand is registered in the official trademark registries of 118 countries. It continues to be used under a variety of licensing agreements. These are the topics that can be found in the commemorative volume "Telefunken After 100 Years - The Legacy of a Global German Brand." Whether discovered on this website or in book, these topics should not only focus attention on the past, but also simultaneously highlight the beginning of a strong Telefunken brand. Simply put, its not just about where weve been. But also where were going.

2004 2009

TELEFUNKEN TODAY Since December 2007, the trademark-right TELEFUNKEN rests with TEELEFUNKEN Holding AG, Frankfurt. Currently, TELEFUNKEN is the owner of more than 20,000 patents and active in over 130 countries around the globe. Today, TELEFUNKEN stands for innovation and progress in the ever-changing world of information and communications technology and is strictly focused on consumer quality from design concept to execution. And because of its strong heritage and long-standing tradition, Telefunken has a high brand-awareness and a clear positioning in the field of premium products.

TELEFUNKEN

RACOMS
Selective Multicoupler SMK 1000
Combining the output RF power of several transmitters at lowest losses
Features and Technical Data
Combines the output RF power of several transmitters at lowest losses Combining loss: typically 1.5 dB Simultaneous operation of up to five 1 kW transmitters into a single broadband antenna SMK 1000 is easily scalable for a different number of transmitters Frequency range 2.0 MHz to 30 MHz is gaplessly covered Minimum frequency spacing between two operating frequencies at least 10 % Suitable for use with all types of wideband antennas of 50 Ohm nominal impedance providing a residual mismatch of VSWR 3 in the operating frequency band The inherent selectivity of the SMK 1000 further reduces transmitter broadband noise, harmonics and spurious emissions Isolation between transmitters: typically 20 dB Automatic tuning to the operating frequency is individually performed for every transmitting path Cooling by forced air Control interface based on commonly accepted standards

Technical Specifications

Number of Tx inputs Input power Minimum frequency spacing between two frequencies Nominal antenna impedance and maximum mismatch Insertion loss 10 % 50 Ohm nominal impedance up to VSWR 3:1 1.2 dB average 1.5 dB in 90 % of operational conditions 2.5 dB under worst case conditions Length of cables between Tx and SMK 1000 Length of cables between SMK 1000 and antenna External RF power interference Tuning time following change of operating frequency Storage of tuning position No limit SMK 1000 accepts up to 100 W 1s 100 ms if Tx remains in lower frequency band Non volatile No limit max. times 1.25 kW max.
Lower Band Directional Filter RFNF 1000/1
Frequency range 2.0 to 10.0 MHz for selective path 2.0 to 12.0 MHz for main RF power line Isolation between Tx connected to SMK 1000 typically 20 dB; at least 10 dB under weak operational conditions (10 % frequency spacing and antenna mismatch VSWR 3:1) Insertion loss Directional Filter RFHF 1000/1 (selective path) Insertion loss in main RF power line of RFHF 1000/1 1.2 dB typically, 1.8 dB max. 0.2 dB at frequency offset 20 % 0.5 dB at frequency offset 10 %
Upper Band Directional Filter RFHF 1000
Frequency range 10.001 to 30.0 MHz for selective path 2.0 to 30.0 MHz for main RF power line Isolation between Tx connected to SMK 1000 typically 20 dB; at least 10 dB under weak operational conditions (10 % frequency spacing and antenna mismatch VSWR 3:1) Insertion loss Directional Filter RFHF 1000 (selective path) Insertion loss in main RF power line of RFHF 1000 0.8 dB typically, 1.3 dB max. 0.3 dB at frequency offset 20 % 0.7 dB at frequency offset 10 %

General

The simultaneous operation of several HF transmitting lines in close co-location is a major task, for example on board naval platforms or in embassy buildings. In conventional system design, every single radio link requires its individual antenna, usually implemented by a tuned whip antenna. This frequently results in serious interference effects between the communication lines causing unacceptable signal distortions and restricts the operation of the HF communication equipment. The most promising approach to overcoming such restrictions is the use of broadband antennas fed by more than one transmitting line simultaneously. This requires combining the power of several transmitters upstream of the antenna feeding point.
A popular method for this task is the use of passive 3 dB power combiners. However, this approach suffers from the high losses in the RF signal path, resulting in seriously reduced link availability. Through its product family Selective Multicoupler SMK 1000 TELEFUNKEN Radio Communication Systems offers a novel approach. Using the principle of Directional Filter the power of several transmitters is transferred simultaneously to the antenna with lowest combining losses. High isolation between the transmitters and reduction of unwanted emissions such as broadband noise, harmonics and spurious emissions enhance the performance of the HF communication system and provide improved availability of the HF communication links. The filter notches are so narrow that minimal frequency spacing between two operating frequencies of 10 % is sufficient.

This all goes hand in hand with a simplified system design of the communications suite. A consequently modular design of the Selective Multicoupler gives the flexibility to combine any number of transmitters within the maximum total power of 5 kW. A later extension in the number of transmitting lines is as simple as placing additional Directional Filters in the rack and declaring their existence in the Initialisation File of the control software.

Functional Description

The Selective Multicoupler SMK 1000 is capable of combining the RF power of up to five shortwave transmitters of the 1 kW class with very low losses. A unique design based on tuneable resonant circuits is used to keep the losses extremely low. The principle of directional filters has been implemented in the shortwave band by building notch filters capable of coping with the high power. Each directional filter provides the capability of adding an additional transmitter to the common RF power line. The end of this RF power line is connected to the wideband antenna.
The insertion loss for signals from a transmitter connected to the selective path of a directional filter to the common RF power line is typically below 1 dB. The insertion loss for an RF signal coupled through the selective path of a Directional Filter to the common RF power line is in the order of single tenth of a dB. Due to technological limitations, Directional Filters are available either in the frequency band 2 to 10 MHz (RFNF 1000/1) or in the frequency band 10 MHz to 30 MHz (RFHF 1000). With such directional filters complete Selective Multicouplers SMK 1000 can be formed as shown in the generic diagram in Figure 1.
Several identical directional filters, the number of which depends on the number of transmitters to be combined, are used to couple the transmitter outputs to the common RF power line which finally feeds the RF energy to the broadband antenna. Automatically controlled switches (RMX) are used to connect a transmitter either with a low band directional filter or a high band directional filter. These switches are contained in the unit Relais Matrix RMX 1000. Experience has shown that it is difficult to implement wideband antennas covering the whole frequency range 2 to 30 MHz on smaller platforms. In such cases splitting the antenna into two bands is recommended. For such configurations a modified arrangement of the SMK 1000 may be useful as shown in Figure 2.

Antenna 2 MHz 30 MHz 2 MHz 10 MHz RFNF RFNF RFNF RFHF 10 MHz 30 MHz RFHF RFHF RFHF
Antenna 2 MHz 12 MHz 2 MHz 12 MHz RFNF RFNF RFNF 10 MHz 30 MHz RFHF RFHF

Antenna 10 MHz 30 MHz

Figure 1 Generic design of a Selective Multicoupler SMK 1000 for a wideband antenna covering 2 to 30 MHz
Figure 2 Generic design of a Selective Multicoupler SMK 1000 for an antenna system with split frequency bands
SMK 1000 configurations are built from seven basic modules, enabling any configuration to be set up within the limit of 5 kW nominal power in the common RF power line. This also provides the possibility of extending a SMK 1000 configuration later on if further transmitting lines have to be added. At its first installation, the 19-inch rack should be prepared for such extensions. Other basic modules are: the Load Resistor Unit LAW 1000, comprising load resistors, one of which is required for each directional filter for absorber purposes. the Power Supply NGE 1000, which provides all internal supply voltages derived from mains input. It also incorporates an emergency power supply to bridge short power failures and ensures a controlled switching down procedure in case the primary power fails for longer than 30 seconds. This protects all RF switches in the SMK 1000 from hot switching and increases reliability and endurance. Complementary to the power supply a Mains Connecting Unit TNA 1000 is used to interface with the mains power supply. This unit also comprises a mains switch, power filters and an isolation transformer.
the System Control Unit SST 1000, which acts as a central control and monitoring unit. It interfaces with a central control system, e.g. on board a naval platform. On the basis of the actual operating frequencies, the tuning information is forwarded to the Directional Filters and the RMX 1000 is set to the appropriate frequency band position. The SST 1000 comprises monitoring functions preventing operation at frequency spacing less than 10 % or from hot switching during the close of the tuning sequence. In such cases the relevant transmitters are commanded into a safe power-down mode. SST 1000 traces the actual system configuration. Any modification in the configuration of SMK 1000, e.g. a change in the number of directional filters, is activated in the SST 1000 by simple changes to the initialisation file. For this purpose and for maintenance purposes, the SST 1000 is equipped with an additional serial interface.
All units are built to fit the 19-inch scale. They are installed in a correspondingly sized rack. As the thermal losses are low, only cooling by forced air is required. Air intake is at the front of the units and the outlet at the rear. Operation of the SMK 1000 does not require any special attention by an operator. Tuning of the SMK 1000 is performed automatically and in relation to the frequency of the respective transmitting line. On a naval platform, for example, such frequency information may be provided by a central communication system management unit. The tuning sequence of the SMK 1000 does not require information on the actual antenna impedance. It uses pre-set parameters stored during the manufacturing process of each directional filter in a non-volatile memory. Such tuning parameters also reflect temperaturerelated variations in the elements forming the resonant circuits.

Power Supply

Supply voltage Tolerance of supply voltage Power consumption Emergency power supply 115 VAC +10 % to 15 %, 47 to 63 Hz 1800 VA Key parts of the SMK 1000 comprise energy buffers (accumulator). These are used to enable the SMK 1000 to continue operation during short interruptions of the primary power supply. If primary power supply fails for a longer period a controlled switching down procedure is executed protecting the RF switches of the SMK 1000 and the transmitters connected. The accumulator is automatically recharged when primary power returns.

Environmental Conditions

General design criteria Temperature Humidity SMK 1000 is built for use below deck of naval vessels Operation Storage 0 C to + 55 C - 25 C to + 71 C
In accordance with MIL-STD 810E M.507.3, Procedure I, Table 507.3-I, Category Natural 40 C, 95 % rel. Humidity, Storage 31 C, 88 % rel. Humidity, Operation

Vibration

In accordance with MIL-STD 810E M.514.4, Procedure I, Cat. 10 0.04 g 2 /Hz, 20 Hz to 1000 Hz, from 1000 Hz to 2000 Hz falling to 0.01 g 2/Hz
In accordance with MIL-STD 810E M.516.4, Procedure I 30 g, 11 ms

Control Interfaces

Control interfaces One interface for Radio Control System serving for control, status information and fault indication Additionally a Service Interface at the front of the System Control Unit and 5 Tx Control Interfaces Interface standard for Radio Control Interface Communication speed Format of control information Max. length of control cable Service interface RS 422 (symmetrically) 19200 Baud 1 Start Bit, 8 Data Bit, no parity, 1 Stop Bit 500 m For diagnosis, configuration and maintenance, accessible at the front of SST 1000 Interface standard for Service Interface RS 232, asynchronous 19200 Baud, 8 Data Bit, no parity, 1 Stop Bit EMI
In accordance with relevant CE rules EN 55022, class B; EN 6 1000-4-2 to EN 6 1000-4-6; EN 6 1000-4-11 and tested against relevant Parts of VG 95373

Dimensions and Weights

Product Directional Filter RFNF 1000/1 Directional Filter RFHF 1000 Relais Matrix RMX 1000 Load Resistors LAW 1000 System Control Unit SST 1000 Power Supply NGE 1000 Mains Connecting Unit TNA 1000 Complete SMK 1000 (version for 5 Tx) W x H x D in mm 483 x 221.4 x x 221.4 x x 132.8 x x 132.8 x x 132.8 x x 177.1 x x 132.8 x x 1850 x 839 (incl. shock mounts) weight in kg ca. 32 kg ca. 22 kg ca. 8.5 kg ca. 28 kg ca. 12.5 kg ca. 23 kg ca. 28 kg ca. 650 kg

Cooling

Cooling By forced air Air intake at front of the rack Air outlet at rear of the rack Remark: For proper operation ensure undisturbed airflow next to the Selective Multicoupler
TELEFUNKEN Radio Communication Systems GmbH & Co. KG Eberhard-Finckh-Strasse Ulm-Boefingen, Germany Phone + 49 (0)7 31. - 0 Fax + 49 (0)7 31. - 111 www.tfk-racoms.com