Appendix B

Using the TI-GRAPH LINK

Introduction
Using the TI-GRAPH LINK can enhance several activities in this book. This program is used with a special cable to transfer information from the TI-73 to the computer and vice-versa. The Flash memory capabilities of the TI-73 rely on the TI-GRAPH LINK. Instructions on how to use the TI-GRAPH LINK are included in the software under the Help menu. Support on the program can be found through the 1-800-TI-CARES phone number and the TI web page (http://www.ti.com/calc).
Connect the TI-GRAPH LINK cable to an open port on the back of your computer. The name of this port (for example, COM1) will be needed for the software configuration. The software comes in Windows and Mac versions. Start the program and connect the calculator to the cable through the link port on the bottom. When transferring files (programs, lists, and so forth) from the TI-73 using the TI-GRAPH LINK, the calculator should be turned on and in the Home Screen. If you place the calculator in the Link application, you will get an error. When collecting screen images from the TI-73, most of the time you can be anywhere you wish.
1998 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
Data Collection Activities for the Middle Grades with the TI-73, CBL and CBR
The initial screen has several icons to execute common tasks. These include: Capturing the screen displayed on the TI-73
Sending files to the TI-73
Receiving files from the TI-73
Appendix B: Using the TI-GRAPH LINK
To use any of the options, click on the appropriate icon or select it from the Link menu. In the case of the screen capture, once you have the image that you want on the screen of the TI-73, click Get Screen. Then click the appropriate option and repeat the Get Screen option for another image off of the TI-73, or select Done.
For the transferring of files from the computer to the TI-73, press the appropriate icon and select the files needed to send to the TI-73.
For the transfer of files from the TI-73 to the computer, select the appropriate icon and then select (by double-clicking) the files to transfer and then click on OK. Make sure you note in which directory you place the files. Note also that you can group files as needed.

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Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing
Preview: Parametric Graphing.. 124 Defining a Parametric Graph.. 125 Setting Parametric Graphing Mode.. 126 The GRAPH Menu... 126 Displaying the Parametric Equation Editor. 126 Selecting and Deselecting a Parametric Equation.. 127 Deleting a Parametric Equation.. 127 Setting the Graph Screen Window Variables.. 127 Setting the Graph Format.. 128 Displaying the Graph... 128 Using Graph Tools in Param Graphing Mode.. 128 The Free-Moving Cursor... 128 Tracing a Parametric Function.. 128 Moving the Trace Cursor to a t Value.. 129 Using Zoom Operations.. 129 The GRAPH MATH Menu... 130 Evaluating an Equation for a Specified t.. 130 Drawing on a Parametric Graph.. 130
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing 131
Defining a Differential Equation Graph... 132 Setting Differential Equation Graphing Mode. 132 The GRAPH Menu... 133 Setting the Graph Format.. 133
Displaying the Differential Equation Editor..134 Setting the Graph Screen Window Variables..135 Setting the Initial Conditions..136 Setting the Axes...137 Differential Equation Graphing Tips...137 The Built-In Variable fldPic..138 Displaying the Graph...138 Entering and Solving Differential Equations..139 Graphing in SlpFld Format...139 Transforming an Equation into a First-Order System.140 Graphing in DirFld Format...141 Graphing a System of Equations in FldOff Format..142 Solving a Differential Equation for a Specified Value..144 Using Graph Tools in DifEq Graphing Mode..144 The Free-Moving Cursor...144 Tracing a Differential Equation..144 Moving the Trace Cursor to a t Value..145 Drawing on a Differential Equation Graph.145 Drawing an Equation and Storing Solutions to Lists..145 Using ZOOM Operations...147 Drawing Solutions Interactively with EXPLR..148 Evaluating Differential Equations for a Specified t.150
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Chapter 11: Lists

Lists on the TI-86... 152 The LIST Menu... 152 The LIST NAMES Menu... 153 Creating, Storing, and Displaying Lists.. 153 Entering a List Directly in an Expression.. 153 Creating a List Name by Storing a List.. 154 Displaying List Elements Stored to a List Name.. 154 Displaying or Using a Single List Element.. 155 Storing a New Value to a List Element.. 155 Complex List Elements... 156 The List Editor... 156 The List Editor Menu... 156 Creating a List Name in the Unnamed Column. 157 Inserting a List Name into the List Editor.. 157 Displaying and Editing a List Element.. 158 Deleting Elements from a List.. 158 Removing a List from the List Editor.. 158 Using List Operations... 159 The LIST OPS (Operations) Menu.. 159 Using Mathematical Functions with Lists.. 161 Attaching a Formula to a List Name.. 162 Comparing an Attached List with a Regular List.. 163 Using the List Editor to Attach a Formula.. 163 Using the List Editor With Attached-Formula Lists. 164

After about four minutes of inactivity, the TI-86 turns off automatically.

BASE U

CHAR Y
Press and release the yellow - key. Press and hold $ or # (above or below the half-shaded circle). To darken the screen contrast, press and hold $. To lighten the screen contrast, press and hold #.

QUIT MODE

LINK x
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Resetting All Memory and Defaults To reset all memory and defaults, press - ( & ). The messages Mem cleared and Defaults set are displayed on the home screen, confirming that all memory and defaults are reset. You may need to adjust the contrast after memory and default reset.
Calculating on the Home Screen
To express - and 1 keystroke combinations, this guidebook places brackets ( and ) around the word above the key to press.
To replicate the screens shown in the Quick Start activities, reset all memory and defaults once before you begin. Before doing an activity, press : to clear the screen (except before the entry retrieval and integer-part examples). Otherwise, the screens your TI-86 shows may differ from the screens pictured next to the activities. Calculating the Sine of a Number
The TI-86 on-screen division symbol is a forward slash ( ), as in a fraction.
Enter the sine function. Enter a value. You can enter an expression, which is evaluated when you press b. Evaluate the problem. The evaluation of the expression sine(p4) is displayed.

(:) = D -~F4E b

Following evaluation, the entry cursor automatically moves to the next line, ready for a new entry. When the TI-86 evaluates an expression, it automatically stores the answer to the builtin variable Ans, replacing any previous value.
Storing the Last Answer to a Variable
Paste the store symbol ( ) to the screen. Since a value must precede , but you did not enter a value, the TI-86 automatically pasted Ans before. (continued) (:) X
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Enter the variable name to which you want to store the last answer. ALPHA-lock is on. Store the last answer to the variable. The stored value is displayed on the next line. V b

The CONS BLTIN (Built-In Constants) Menu
You can select built-in constants from the CONS BLTIN menu or enter them using the keyboard and the CHAR GREEK menu.
Gc m0 g H0 Me h Mp c Mn u

BLTIN Na

EDIT k

USER Cc

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Built-In Constant

Na k Cc ec Rc Gc g Me Mp Mn

Constant Name

Avogadro's number Boltzman's constant Coulomb constant Electron charge Gas constant Gravitational constant Earth acceleration due to gravity Mass of an electron Mass of a proton Mass of a neutron Permeability of a vacuum Permittivity of a vacuum Planck's constant Speed of light in a vacuum Atomic mass unit Pi Base of natural log

Constant Value

6.0221367E23 mole L1 1.380658EL23 JK 8.9875517873682E9 N m 2C 2 1.60217733EL19 C 8.31451 Jmole K 6.67259EL11 N m 2kg 2 9.80665 msec 2 9.1093897EL31 kg 1.6726231EL27 kg 1.6749286EL27 kg 1.2566370614359EL6 NA 2 8.8541878176204EL12 Fm 6.6260755EL34 J sec 299,792,458 msec 1.6605402EL27 kg 3.1415926535898 2.718281828459
To use p, press - ~ or select it from the CATALOG. To use e^, press -. To use e, press - n E.
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Creating or Redefining a User-Created Constant

CONS USER menu items are

the names of all stored usercreated constants, arranged alphanumerically.
Display the CONS menu. Display the constant editor. The Name= prompt, Value= prompt, and CONS USER menu are displayed. ALPHA-lock is on. Enter a constant name. Either enter a new name one to eight characters long, starting with a letter, or select a name from the CONS USER menu. The cursor moves to the Value= prompt and the CONS EDIT menu is displayed (see below). Enter the real or complex constant value, which can be an expression. The value is stored to the constant as you enter it. The user-created constant becomes a CONS USER menu item.
196.9665 is the atomic weight of gold (Au).

A - n U b

You can enter a value later.

196 ` 9665

If you select PREV when the first constant name is displayed, or NEXT when the last constant name is displayed, the CONS USER menu replaces the CONS EDIT menu. You also can delete a constant from the MEM DELET CONS screen.

The Constant Editor Menu

PREV NEXT

- ' name b or #

Displays the name and value (if any) of the previous constant on the CONS USER menu Displays the name and value (if any) of the next constant on the CONS USER menu
DELET Deletes the name and value of the constant currently displayed in the constant editor
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Entering a Constant Name in an Expression You can enter a constant in an expression in any of three ways. Select the constant name from the CONS BLTIN menu or the CONS USER menu. Select a user-created constant name from the VARS CONS screen. Use the ALPHA keys, alpha keys, and other character keys to enter a constant name.
Converting Units of Measure
You can enter a conversion expression anywhere that an expression is valid.
With the TI-86, you can convert a value measured in one unit into its equivalent value in another unit of measure. For example, you can convert inches to yards, quarts to liters, or degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius. The units of measure from which and to which you convert must be compatible. For example, you cannot convert inches to degrees Fahrenheit, or yards to calories. Each menu item on the CONV menu (page 62) represents a unit-of-measure group, such as length (LNGTH), volume (VOL), and pressure (PRESS). Within each menu, all units are compatible. Converting a Unit of Measure To use any conversion instruction, the syntax is: (value)currentUnit4newUnit
In the example, L2 degrees Celsius is converted to degrees Fahrenheit. Always use parentheses when value is negative.
Enter the real value to be converted. Display the CONV menu. Select the TEMP conversion group.

Da2E - *

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Select the current unit of measure (C) from the conversion group menu. The unit abbreviation and conversion symbol ( 4 ) are pasted to the cursor location. Select the new unit of measure (F) from the conversion group menu. The unit abbreviation is pasted to the cursor location. Convert the measurement.
The CONV (Conversions) Menu

LNGTH AREA VOL TIME

TEMP MASS SPEED
force menu energy menu pressure menu power menu

FORCE PRESS ENRGY POWER

length menu area menu

volume menu

temperature speed menu menu time menu mass menu
Important: When you convert a negative value, you must enclose in parentheses the value and its negation sign, as in (L4). Otherwise, the TI-86 order of evaluation will perform the conversion first, and then apply the negation to the converted value. If you enter.

The graph format settings

RectGC and PolarGC

(Chapter 5) determine the complex number form of graph screen coordinates.
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For example, when PolarC and Degree modes are set, (2,1)N(145) returns (1.3256542961412.7643896828). Using a Complex Number in an Expression Enter the complex number directly. Use the ALPHA keys, alpha keys, and other character keys to enter a complex variable. Select a complex variable from the VARS CPLX screen. The CPLX (Complex Number) Menu
You can enter the name or a complex list, vector, or matrix as an argument for any CPLX menu item.

angle 4 4Rec 4Pol

conj (real,imaginary) conj (magnitudeangle) real (real,imaginary) real (magnitudeangle) imag (real,imaginary) imag (magnitudeangle) abs (real,imaginary)
Returns the complex conjugate of a complex value, list, vector or matrix; the result is (real,Limaginary) Returns (magnitudeLangle) Returns the real portion of a complex number, list, vector, or matrix as a real number; the result is real Returns magnitudecosine(angle) Returns the imaginary (non-real) portion of a complex number, list, vector, or matrix as a real number; the result is imaginary Returns magnitudesine(angle) (Absolute value) Returns the magnitude (modulus) of a complex number, list, vector, or matrix of complex numbers; the result is (real 2+imaginary 2) Returns magnitude

abs (magnitudeangle)

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angle (real,imaginary)

Returns the polar angle of a complex number, list, vector, or matrix calculated as tanL1 (imaginaryreal) (adjusted by p in the second quadrant or Lp in the third quadrant); the result is tanL1(imaginaryreal) Returns angle (where Lp<anglep) Displays complexValue in rectangular format (real,imaginary), regardless of complex mode setting; valid only at the end of a command and only when complexValue is indeed complex Displays complexValue in polar format (magnitudeangle), regardless of complex mode setting; valid only at the end of a command and only when complexValue is indeed complex

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The GRAPH MATH Menu

MATH DIST
The other GRAPH MATH menu items are the same as described in Chapter 6.
DRAW FORMT STGDB RCGDB dydx drdq ARC TANLN Finds the numerical derivative (slope) of a function at a point
The distances calculated by DIST and ARC are distances in the rectangular coordinate plane. dydx and drdq are independent of the RectGC or PolarGC format. At a point where the derivative is undefined, TANLN will draw the line, but no result is displayed or stored in Ans. Evaluating an Equation for a Specified q When the trace cursor is not active, the GRAPH menu item EVAL evaluates selected polar equations directly on the graph for a given value of q. eval in a program or from the home screen returns a list of r values. Drawing on a Polar Graph The GRAPH DRAW menu items work the same in Pol graphing as in Func graphing. DRAW instruction coordinates in Pol graphing mode are the x- and y-coordinates of the graph screen. DrInv is not available in Pol graphing mode.
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Parametric Graphing

Preview: Parametric Graphing... 124 Defining a Parametric Graph.. 125 Using Graph Tools in Param Graphing Mode. 128
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Preview: Parametric Graphing
Graph the parametric equation that describes the path of a ball kicked at an initial speed of 30 meters per second, at an initial angle of 25 degrees with the horizontal (from ground level). How far does the ball travel? When does it hit the ground? How high does it go?
Select Param mode from the mode screen. -m### #""b 6& (/ ' /)

30 & > D 25

Display the equation editor and parametric equation editor menu. Deselect all equations and plots (if any are defined). Define the path of the ball as xt1 and yt1 in terms of t. Horizontal: xt1=tv0cos(q) Vertical: yt1=tv0sin(q)N12(gt2) Gravity constant: g=9.8 msec2 Define the vertical component vector as xt2 and yt2 and define the horizontal component vector as xt3 and yt3. Change the graph style of xt3yt3 to (thick). Change the graph style of xt2yt2 and xt1/yt1 to (path).

Displaying Matrix Elements, Rows, and Submatrices To display an existing matrix on the home screen, enter the matrix names individual characters or select it from the MATRX NAMES menu, and then press b. The full value of each element is displayed. Elements with very large values may be expressed exponentially. To display specific elements of matrixName, the syntax is: matrixName(row,column) To display a row of matrixName, the syntax is: matrixName(row) To display a submatrix of matrixName, the syntax is: matrixName(beginRow,beginColumn,endRow,endColumn) Using a Matrix in an Expression You can enter the matrix directly (for example, 5[[2,3][3,5]]). You can use 1 and - n to enter a matrix names individual characters (for example, MAT13). You can select the matrix name from the MATRX NAMES menu (- &). You can select the matrix name from the VARS MATRX screen (- w / ').
When you execute the expression, the answer is displayed as a matrix.
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Editing Matrices in the Matrix Editor
Display the matrix Name= prompt screen. Enter the matrix name. Either select it from the MATRX NAMES menu or enter the characters.

-' MAT 11 b

53b 3b
Display the matrix editor. Edit or accept the row dimension, and then edit or accept the column dimension. Move the cursor to any element and edit it. Continue moving the cursor to other elements. Save the changes and leave the matrix editor.

# 45 b " 21 b 2 ~b.

Editing Matrices on the Home Screen To change a matrix element value, the syntax is: valuematrixName(row,column) To change the values of an entire row of elements, the syntax is: [valueA,valueB,.,value n]matrixName(row) To change the values of part of a row, beginning at a specified column, the syntax is: [valueA,valueB,.,value n]matrixName(row,beginColumn) To change the values of a submatrix within matrixName, the syntax is: [[valueA,.,value n]. [valueA,.,value n]]matrixName(beginRow,beginColumn)
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mean of x values pop std dev of x
sample std dev of x Sx mean of y values pop std dev of y sample std dev of y sum of x values sum of x2 values sum of y values sum of y values sum of x y regression equation polynomial, LgstR, and SinR coeffs

n minX maxX

n minX maxX minY maxY

Gx Gx2

Gx Gx2 Gy Gy2 Gxy RegEq a (y-int) b (slope)

Med Qrtl1 Qrtl3 PRegC

3rd quartile polynomial LgstR, and SinR reg coeffs
The first quartile (Qrtl1) is the median of the points between minX and Med (median). The third quartile (Qrtl3) is the median of the points between Med and maxX. When you calculate a logistic regression, 1 is stored to tolMet (tolMe) if the TI-86 internal tolerance was met before the calculator arrived at a result; if not met, 0 is stored to tolMet.
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Plotting Statistical Data
You can plot one, two, or three sets of statistical list data. The five available plot types are scatter plot, xyLine, histogram, modified box plot, and regular box plot.
Store the statistical data in one or more lists (Chapter 11). Select or deselect functions in the current equation editor as appropriate (Chapter 5). Define the statistical plot. Turn on the plots you want to display. Define the window variables for the graph screen (Chapter 5). Display and explore the plotted graph (Chapter 6).
The STAT PLOT Status Screen - ( The STAT PLOT status screen summarizes the settings for Plot1, Plot2, and Plot3. The illustration below identifies the settings for Plot1. This screen is not interactive. To change a setting, select PLOT1, PLOT2, or PLOT3 from the STAT PLOT status screen menu.
This screen shows the default stat plot settings. If you select another plot type, some prompts may change. Stat plot name OnOff status

Plot-type icon

xStat

1:Plot1.Off

Mark-type icon

Independent list name

Dependent list name
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You can enter a list variable at the bound= prompt if a valid two-element list is stored to it.
If you exit the equation solver, any equation stored to eqn is displayed when you return to the equation solver.
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The Solver Menu

You can display other menus in the interactive-solver editor

- t equation b

ZOOM TRACE SOLVE
graphs the solver zoom solves for the unknown variable or menu displays the interactive-solver editor equation in eqn window graphs eqn and editor activates the trace cursor
To display the window editor, select WIND from the solver menu. When you select GRAPH or WIND from the solver menu, EDIT replaces the item you selected on the menu. To return to the interactive-solver editor from the graph or window editor, select EDIT.
Solving for the Unknown Variable
After you have stored all known variable values, set the bounds, and entered a guess (optional), move the cursor to the prompt for the unknown variable.
An ellipsis (.) indicates that the variable value continues beyond the screen. To scroll the value, press " and !. The squares disappear when you edit any value. After solving, you can edit a variable value or edit the equation, and then solve for the same variable or another variable in the equation.
To solve, select SOLVE from the solver menu (*). A small square marks the variable for which you solved. The solution value is displayed. A small square also marks the leftNrt= prompt. The value at this prompt is the value of the left side of the equation minus the value of the right side of the equation, evaluated at the new value of the variable for which you solved. If the solution is precise, leftNrt=0 is displayed. Some equations have more than one solution. To look for additional solutions, you can enter a new guess or set new bounds, and then solve for the same variable.
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Graphing the Solution

The graph to the right plots the solution from the example on page 202. The window variable values are: xMin=L10

yMin=L50 xMax=50 yMax=50

When you select GRAPH from the solver menu (&), the solver graph is displayed with the free-moving cursor. The vertical axis represents the result of the left side of the equation minus the right side of the equation (leftNright) at each independent variable value. The horizontal axis represents the independent variable for which you solved the equation. On the graph, solutions exist for the equation where leftNrt=0, which is where the graph intersects the x-axis. The solver graph: Uses the current window and format settings (Chapter 5). Does not graph the solution according to the current graphing mode. Always graphs a solution as a function graph. Does not graph selected functions or turned on stat plots along with the solution.

GRAPH DRAW menu

Circl(x,y,radius)

Starting with a ZStd graph screen: ZSqr:Circl(1,2,7) b
Draws a circle with center (x,y) and radius on the current graph.
GRAPH DRAW menu STAT DRAW menu
Clears all drawn elements from the current graph.

program editor I/O menu

Clears the home screen (LCD).

MEM menu

Clears the contents of the Last Entry storage area.
Clears all values from the current table if Indpnt: Ask (IAsk, page 304) is set.

cnorm matrix

[[1,L2,3][4,5,L6]]MAT b [[1 L] [L6]] cnorm MAT b 9

MATRX MATH menu

Returns the column norm of a real or complex matrix. For each column, cnorm sums the absolute values (magnitudes of complex elements) of the elements in that column and returns the largest of those column sums.
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cnorm vector

[L1,2,L3]VEC b cnorm VEC b [LL3] 6
Returns the sum of the absolute values of the real or complex elements in vector.

Concatenation: +

stringA + stringB Returns a string consisting of stringB appended (concatenated) to the end of stringA.
"your name:"STR b your name: "Enter "+STR b Enter your name: [[1,0,0][0,1,0][0,0,1]]MAT1 [[0] b [0] [1]] cond MAT1 b log (Ans) b 1 0
Returns the condition number of a real or complex squareMatrix, which is calculated as:
cnorm squareMatrix cnorm squareMatrixL1
The condition number indicates how well-behaved squareMatrix is expected to be for certain matrix functions, particularly inverse. For a well-behaved matrix, the condition number is close to 1.
log(cond squareMatrix) indicates the number of digits
[[1,2,3][4,5,6][7,8,9]]MAT2 [[3] b [6] [9]] cond MAT2 b log (Ans) b 1.8E14 14.2552725051
that may be lost due to round-off errors in computing the inverse. For a matrix with no inverse, cond returns an error.
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conj (complexNumber)

In RectC complex number mode: conj (3,4) b (3,L4) conj (32) b (L1.24844050964,L2.7 In PolarC complex number mode: conj (32) b conj (3,4) b (3L2) (5L.927295218002) conj {L2,(3,4)} b {(1.41421356237L1.5
Returns the complex conjugate of complexNumber. In RectC mode, conj (real,imaginary) returns (real,Limaginary). In PolarC mode, conj (magnitudeangle) returns (magnitudeLangle), Lp < angle p.

integerA xor integerB Compares two real integers bit by bit. Internally, both integers are converted to binary. When corresponding bits are compared, the result is 1 if either bit (but not both) is 1; the result is 0 if both bits are 0 or both bits are 1. The returned value is the sum of the bit results. For example, 78 xor 23 = 89. 78 = = = 89 You can enter real numbers instead of integers, but they are truncated automatically before the comparison.
In Dec number base mode: 78 xor 23 b In Bin number base mode: 1001110 xor 10111 b Ans4Dec b 89

xyline

xyline xList,yList
Draws a line plot on the current graph, using the real data pairs in xList and yList.
{L9,L6,L4,L1,2,5,7,10}XL b {L9 L6 L4 L1 {L7,L6,L2,1,3,6,7,9}YL b {L7 L6 L7 9} ZStd:xyline XL,YL b
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GRAPH ZOOM menu

In Func graphing mode: {1,2,3,4}XL b {2,3,4,5}YL b Plot1(1,XL,YL) b ZStd b {3 4} {4 5} Done
Adjusts the window variable values based on the currently defined statistical plots so that all stat data points will be plotted, and then updates the graph screen.

ZData b

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In Func graphing mode: y1=x sin x b ZStd b Done
Sets the window variable values such that @x=@y=.1, and then updates the graph screen with the origin centered on the screen.
xMin=L6.3 xMax=6.3 xScl=1 yMin=L3.1 yMax=3.1 yScl=1
One of the benefits of ZDecm is that you can trace in.1 increments.
If you trace the graph above, x values start at 0 and increment by.1587301587. ZDecm b
If you trace this graph, the x values increment by.1.
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In Func graphing mode:

Recalculates yMin and yMax to include the minimum and maximum y values of the selected functions between the current xMin and xMax, and then updates the graph screen. This does not affect xMin and xMax.

y1=x 2N20 b ZStd b

ZFit b
Zooms in on the part of the graph centered around the current cursor location. Zoom factors are set by the values of built-in variables xFact and yFact; the default is 4 for both factors.

y1=x sin x b ZStd b

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You attempted to execute a function or instruction without all the arguments. You attempted to use two or more lists, matrices, or vectors as arguments, but the dimensions of all arguments are not equal, such as {1,2}+{1,2,3}.
You entered an argument with an inappropriate dimension. You entered a matrix or vector dimension < 1 or > 255 or a noninteger. You attempted to invert a matrix that is not a square matrix.
14 UNDEFINED 15 MEMORY 16 RESERVED 17 INVALID
You are referencing a variable that currently is not defined. Memory is insufficient to perform the desired command; you must delete items from memory (Chapter 17) before executing this command. You attempted to use a built-in variable inappropriately. You attempted to reference a variable or use a function where it is not valid.
99APPX.DOC TI-86, Appendix, US English Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/27/01 1:20 PM Printed: 02/27/01 1:26 PM Page 394 of 26
18 ILLEGAL NEST 19 BOUND 20 GRAPH WINDOW
You attempted to use an invalid function in an argument for seq( or a CALC function; for example, der1(der1(x^3,x),x)). You defined an upper bound that is less than the specified lower bound or a lower bound that is greater than the specified upper bound.
One or more window variable values is incompatible with the others for defining the graph screen; for example, you defined xMax < xMin. Window variables are too small or too large to graph correctly; for example, you attempted to zoom out beyond the calculators range.

21 ZOOM 22 LABEL 23 STAT

A ZOOM operation resulted in an error; you attempted to define ZBOX with a line. In programming, the Goto instruction label is not defined with a Lbl instruction.
You attempted a stat calculation with at least one inappropriate list, such as a list with less than two data points. At least one element of a frequency list is < 0. (xMax N xMin)xScl 63 must be true when plotting a histogram. In the solver editor, the equation does not contain a variable. You attempted to graph with the cursor positioned on bound.

24 CONVERSION 25 SOLVER

Errors 26 through 29 occur during the solving process. Examine a graph of the function or a graph of the variable vs. leftNrt in the SOLVER. If the equation has a solution, change bounds andor the initial guess.
When converting measurements, the units are incompatible, as in volts to liters.
26 SINGULARITY 27 NO SIGN CHNG 28 ITERATIONS 29 BAD GUESS
In the solver editor, the equation contains a singularity, which is a point at which the function is not defined. The solver did not detect a sign change. The solver has exceeded the maximum permitted number of iterations.
The initial guess was outside the specified bounds. The initial guess and several points around the guess are undefined.

(binary), 271 backup battery, 16
99INDEX.DOC TI-86, Index, US English Bob Fedorisko Revised: 02/13/01 2:51 PM Printed: 02/27/01 1:29 PM Page 405 of 15
built-in constants, 58 built-in variables, 39, 45, 138 busy indicator, 26, 85 characters (continued) deleting, 23 entering, 21 second, 22 yellow, 21 check RAM screen, 230 CIRCL (circle), 105, 106 Circl(, 273 circles drawing, 106 CLDRW (clear drawing), 103, 105, 273 clearing CUSTOM menu items, 45 clearing ENTRY storage area, 29 ClLCD (clear LCD), 216, 273 ClrEnt (clear entry), 232, 273 ClTbl (clear table), 114, 216, 273 cnorm (column norm), 183, 273 command line, 220 complements (binary numbers), 66 complex matrix, 180 Complex Number menu, 71 complex number modes, 35 complex number variables, 43 complex numbers, 29, 70 as list elements, 156 displaying as result, 5 entering, 20 in results, 70 separator, 70 using in expressions, 71 complex values, 48 concatenation (+), 274 cond (condition number), 183, 274 conj (complex conjugate), 71, 175, 185, 275 connecting instructions, 235 CONS (constants), 43 CONS (Constants) menu, 58 CONS BLTIN (Built-In Constants) menu, 58 CONS EDIT menu, 60 consecutive entries, 26 Constant Memory feature, 17, 34 constants, 59 built-in, 58 defined, 58 name, 61 user-created, 58, 60
BASE - (Hexadecimal) menu, 67 BASE BIT menu, 69 BASE BOOL (Boolean) menu, 68 BASE CONV (Conversion) menu, 68 BASE menu, 66 BASE TYPE menu, 67 base type symbol, 67 batteries, 2, 16-18 battery compartment, 16 BCKUP (memory backup), 237 Bin (binary), 35, 272 4Bin (to binary), 68, 272 binary integer, 271 binary number base, 35, 66 Boolean operators, 68, 268, 325, 328, 370 bound={L1E99,1E99}, 204 bounds, 204 BOX (GRAPH ZOOM menu), 14, 92, 93 Box (stat plot), 272 BOX (ZOOM menu), 208 break (program), 222 BREAK menu, 26
CALC (Calculus) menu, 54 calculating derivatives, 7 calculation interrupting, 26 calculus functions, 54 CATALOG, 25, 38 Quick-Find Locator, 262 CATLG (CATALOG), 43 CATLG-VARS (CATALOG Variables) menu, 43 changing TI-86 settings, 39 CHAR (Character) menu, 45 CHAR GREEK menu, 46 CHAR INTL (International) menu, 46 CHAR MISC (Miscellaneous) menu, 46 characters, 19 alpha, 22 blue, 21, 22 case, 22