Insulated Siding as Home Insulation
Guide for Users and Energy Raters

January 2011

Disclaimer
This document is published by the Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. (VSI) as a service to the specifiers and users of insulated siding. VSI members are manufacturers of vinyl and other polymeric siding, including insulated siding, and suppliers to the industry. The information provided in this publication is offered in good faith and believed to be reliable, but is made without warranty, express or implied, as to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or any other matter. VSI does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer. This publication is not intended to provide specific advice (legal, code, regulatory or otherwise) on particular products or processes. Readers should consult with their own advisors, insulated siding suppliers and other appropriate sources (including but not limited to product or package labels, technical bulletins or sales literature) that contain information about known and reasonably foreseeable health and safety risks of their proprietary products. VSI, its members and contributors do not assume any responsibility for the users compliance with applicable laws and regulations, nor for any persons relying on the information contained in this guide. Information about individual manufacturers products contained herein has been provided by those manufacturers, who are solely responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the data. This guide may be revised occasionally, and only the most recent version should be referenced. To ensure that you are using the most current version, please visit the VSI website at www.insulatedsiding.info. For general information about insulated siding, contact VSI at: Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. National Housing Center 1201 15th Street NW Suite 220 Washington, DC 20005 www.insulatedsiding.info Copyright (2011) The Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any meansgraphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systemswithout the written permission of the copyright owner, VSI. Users may download this manual to their own computers and make multiple machinereadable copies and/or print hard copies for personal use, as long as they do not alter, modify, adapt, display, publish, sell or prepare derivative works based upon such material.

Table of Contents

Users Guide...Section 1.
Chapter 1.Vinyl Siding Institute (VSI).... 1 Chapter 2.Insulated Siding: An Introduction... 2. Chapter 3.Technical Information... 3. R-value Testing... 3 Application of Standards... 4 Chapter 4.Energy Code and Building Energy Performance Program Recognition. 5 Energy Code.... 5. ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes Version 3... 5 Weatherization Assistance Program... 6. Chapter 5.Installation.... 7 General Installation Instructions... 7 Remodeling Considerations.... 8
Energy Raters Guide...Section 2
Chapter 6.Insulated Wall Assembly Thermal Performance... 9 Chapter 7.Insulated Siding in Building Energy Performance Programs.19 New Homes....19. Existing Homes....21

VSI Certification Programs
VSI sponsors two certification programsthe VSI Product Certification Program and the VSI Certified Installer Program. Each is administrated by a third-party, accredited quality control agency. The VSI Product Certification Program allows manufacturers to certify, with independent third-party verification, that their siding meets or exceeds ASTM D3679 Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding, as well as two ASTM standards for color retention and an ASTM standard for polypropylene siding. The VSI Certified Installer Program is based on ASTM D4756 Standard Practice for Installation of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding and Soffit and offers three different levels of certification: Certified Installers, Certified Trainers and Certified Installer Companies. Vinyl siding is the only exterior cladding with both third-party product certification and certified installer programs, both of which are administered by an independent agency to ensure that products and colors meet or exceed ASTM standards and that installers demonstrate knowledge of ASTM-accepted application techniques. At this time, insulated siding is not specifically certified to an ASTM standard through VSIs Program, but the vinyl siding component of insulated siding can be certified. Customers can look for the VSI certification Program Label or Program Logo when specifying vinyl siding or visit www.vinylsiding.org to verify whether a particular vinyl siding product is certified. Likewise, the VSI Certified Installer Program does not certify installers with regard to their knowledge on insulated siding installation techniques, but because many of the important installation concepts apply to vinyl siding in general, it is a good idea to ask if the applying installer or company has been certified through VSIs Program.
Chapter 2: Insulated Siding: An Introduction
Insulated siding is vinyl siding that is engineered to incorporate a substantial thickness of insulation. More specifically, insulated siding is a vinyl cladding with manufacturer-installed rigid foam plastic insulation that is laminated or otherwise permanently attached to the cladding product. The most commonly used insulation is expanded polystyrene (EPS), a material manufactured to the specifications of ASTM C578 Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation. Manufacturers employ profile-cutting and shape-molding techniques to ensure proper fit of the insulation to each siding profile. Lamination tooling is specific to each siding design, which allows for correct alignment and consistent bond strength. Adhesives used in insulated siding are permanently flexible, allowing for the normal expansion and contraction that occurs in vinyl siding. The first field tests on insulated siding occurred in the early 1990s in the southern United States. In the years following, the product was developed through improvements in both the design and manufacturing processes. These improvements increased functionality and durability and set the path for insulated siding to enter the marketplace. Insulated siding and siding used with drop-in backers are different products. This guide has been developed specifically for insulated siding. For information on the energy performance and R-values of drop-in backers, contact the product manufacturer. Although vinyl siding with drop-in backers can be used to give dimensional support and improve thermal performance just as insulated siding can, the insulation used for insulated siding is integral to that specific panel. Insulated siding is a building product designed to reach higher levels of rigidity, dimensional stability and thermal performance through specific R-value testing. The first commercial insulated siding was introduced in 1997. Over the past decade, product developments have allowed insulated siding to experience consistent growth and recognition as a premium residential cladding. Government agencies acknowledge the ability of rigid or board insulation to improve the energy efficiency of homes.2,3 Research shows that construction techniques and/or material applications of rigid or board insulation, including insulated siding, reduce the thermal bridging effect, or energy transfer through framing members and/or other conductive building materials. The ENERGY STAR program, cosponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), includes insulated siding as an option to comply with thermal bridging reduction requirements to earn the ENERGY STAR label for new homes. All applications of materials to reduce thermal bridging must meet the climate-specific R-value and installation requirements for the program. Any company involved in the marketing of home insulation must follow regulations set by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (16 C.F.R. 460; see Appendix A). Insulation refers to any material whose main purpose is to slow down the flow of heat. The ability of a material to resist the flow of heat is expressed as an R-value. A products R-value is a measure of thermal resistance; the higher the R-value, the better the insulations effectiveness. The claimed or labeled R-value for any product must be based on tests conducted with a standard specified in FTC regulations. For insulated siding, ASTM C1363 Standard Test Method for the Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus is the current version of the appropriate specified standard for determining the R-value of insulated siding.

Final Course

To complete the final course of insulated siding at the top of a wall, installers should:
Take the height measurement of the remaining open section in several locations and subtract 1/4 from each location to allow for movement. Cut the panel to the required measurement and cut back the foam 2. Using a snap lock punch, punch the vinyl siding along the cut edge every 6, so the raised lug is on the outside face. Install utility trim along the top of the wall to receive the top edge of the siding. Use shims under the utility trim to match the angle or distance from the wall of the siding edge. Push the siding into the utility trim. The raised lugs will catch and hold the siding firmly in place.
Remodeling Considerations
Before installing insulated siding, inspect walls for evidence of moisture damage. If the condition of the existing siding, sheathing or interior wall finish indicates an existing moisture problem, no insulated siding should be installed until the moisture problem has been identified and corrected. Seal gaps in external window trim and other areas that may admit rain water into the wall. Level the exterior wall by removing existing siding or sheathing or add surface leveling foam such as fan-fold over a water-resistive barrier. Insulated siding can be installed over furring strips, but in order for insulated siding to qualify as home insulation, it must be installed directly over a water-resistive barrier and sheathing. Insulated siding installed over furring strips would not be considered home insulation.
Energy Raters Guide to Insulated Siding as Home Insulation
The following sections were developed in consultation with Newport Ventures as a resource for energy raters interested in the details of insulated sidings thermal performance and application within building energy performance programs. Chapter 6 describes the thermal performance for insulated siding. Chapter 7 details the role of insulated siding in building energy performance programs for both new and existing homes. Newport Ventures of Schenectady, New York, performs technical, regulatory and market research and analysis related to the built environment, with a specific focus on the energy performance of buildings and building systems. Newport Ventures and its sister firm, Newport Partners, support several federal and state agencies, as well as private companies and trade associations, with their efforts to improve the energy efficiency and indoor air quality of buildings.

Table 6.1 Recognition of Insulated Sidings Thermal Performance in 2009 IECC Compliance Approach
IECC Compliance Approach 2009 IECC Section Documentation Required Notes

Prescriptive R-value

402.1.1
Table 402.1.1 of the 2009 IECC recognizes insulated sheathing. To determine if insulated R-value of insulated siding siding is approved for compliance with Table (see Chapter 3 of this guide 402.1.1 and Section 402.1.2, check with the local for more information on building official. In footnote h of Table 402.1.1 of determining the R-value) the 2012 IECC, insulated siding is cited as a form of continuous insulation. U-factor of wall assembly, including insulated siding* U-factor of wall assembly, including insulated siding* U-factor of wall assembly, including insulated siding* In computing wall U-factors, the designer can use the thermal benefit of insulated siding.
Prescriptive U-factor Prescriptive UA (U-factor times the area of the wall) Performance

402.1.3 402.1.4 405

*Note: See Tables 6.3 through 6.7 for pre-calculated U-factors of wall assemblies incorporating insulated siding.
Figure 6.1 Climate Zones of the United States
Climate Zone 1-4 5-8 Frame Wall Ufactor 0.082 0.057
Zone 1 includes Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands
All of Alaska is in Zone 7 except for the following Boroughs in Zone 8: Bethel Dellingham Fairbanks N. Star Nome North Slope Northwest Arctic Southeast Fairbanks Wade Hampton Yukon-Koyukuk
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
Using the U-factor Tables
Tables 6.2 through 6.7 contain U-factors calculated for various frame wall assemblies that can be used to demonstrate compliance with the energy code or to determine the improvement of a wall beyond minimum code requirements. The values in the tables were calculated using a methodology consistent with the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals and include the thermal bridging effects of framing materials, as required by 2009 IECC Section 402.1.4.1. The tables contain the whole wall U-factor. The left-most column of each table contains the continuous insulation R-value, which is the sum of insulated sidings R-value and any additional continuous insulation (e.g., including foam sheathing, but excluding other sheathing products, which are accounted for elsewhere in the calculation).20 Yellow-shaded cells represent wall assemblies that are in compliance with the 2009 IECC residential U-factor requirements for wall assemblies in Climate Zones 1 through 4 (i.e., U-factor 0.082). Blue-shaded cells represent those in compliance in Climate Zones 5 through 8 (i.e., U-factor 0.057). As an example of how to use the tables, Table 6.3 shows that a wood framed wall at 16 on center with R-15 cavity insulation, structural wood sheathing and R-2.5 insulated siding is expected to have a U-factor of 0.066. The yellow-shaded cell for this wall assembly indicates that this wall would meet 2009 IECC requirements for residential buildings in Climate Zones 1 through 4. Illustrations of wall assemblies that meet or exceed 2009 IECC prescriptive requirements can be found in Figures 6.2 through 6.7. While the tables provide an easily referenced source for assembly U-factors, they can also be reproduced by doing hand calculations consistent with the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. Within the previous example of a wood framed wall at 16 on center with R-15 cavity insulation, structural wood sheathing and R-2.5 insulated siding, the following parallel-path equation can be used to calculate the assemblys U-factor: where F = the framing factor, Rs = the R-value through the stud path and Rc = the R-value through the cavity path. Values for Rs, Rc and F for this example are provided in Table 6.2, based on an analysis of the thermal resistance of each component of the assembly. By plugging these values into the U-factor equation given above, a value of U-0.066 is derived for this wall assembly.

Assumptions and methodologies used in calculating assembly U-factors for all walls include: Outside air film of R-0.25, fully sheathed with wood sheathing of R-0.83, interior gypsum board of R-0.45 and an inside air film of R-0.68. DOE REScheck methodology was used as the basis to calculate U-factors for various assemblies. For steel framed walls in particular, DOE REScheck and ASHRAE correction factor methods were employed. For wood framed walls, a 25 percent framing factor for 16 on center studs was used (22 percent for 24 on center), and a parallelpath U-factor calculation method was employed.
Table 6.2 Component R-values for a 16 on Center Wood Framed Wall with R-15 Cavity Insulation, Structural Wood Sheathing and R-2.5 Insulated Siding
Component Framing Factor (F) Outside Air Film Insulated Siding Wood Sheathing Wood Studs (R-4.38 for 2x4, R-6.88 for 2x6) Cavity Insulation Interior Gypsum Inside Air Film Total Path R-value R-value Through Stud Path 25% 0.25 2.5 0.83 4.38 N/A 0.45 0.68 Rs=9.09 R-values Through Cavity Path N/A 0.25 2.5 0.83 N/A 15 0.45 0.68 Rc=19.71
Table 6.3 Wood Framed Wall, 16 on Center, Whole Wall U-factors
Continuous Insulation R-value R-0 R-2.0 R-2.5 R-3.0 R-3.5 R-4.0 R-4.5 R-5.0 R-5.5 R-6.0 R-6.5 R-7.0 R-7.5 R-8.0 R-8.5 R-9.0 R-9.5 R-10.0 0.176 0.161 0.149 0.138 0.129 0.121 0.114 0.108 0.102 0.097 0.093 0.088 0.085 0.081 0.078 0.075 0.072 Cavity Insulation R-value 2 x 4 Construction R-11 0.078 0.075 0.072 0.070 0.067 0.065 0.063 0.061 0.059 0.057 0.056 0.054 0.052 0.051 0.050 0.049 0.047 R-13 0.073 0.070 0.067 0.065 0.063 0.061 0.059 0.057 0.055 0.054 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.045 R-15 0.068 0.066 0.063 0.061 0.059 0.057 0.055 0.054 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.045 0.044 0.043 R-19 0.055 0.053 0.052 0.050 0.049 0.048 0.046 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.039 0.038 0.x 6 Construction R-20 0.054 0.052 0.050 0.049 0.048 0.046 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.036 R-21 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.036 0.036 R-25 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.035 0.034 0.033
Continuous insulation R-values are calculated either from the value provided for insulated siding or insulated sheathing or as the sum of insulated siding and insulated sheathing (i.e., foam sheathing). Yellow-shaded cells represent wall assemblies that are in compliance with the 2009 IECC residential U-factor requirements for wall assemblies in Climate Zones 1 through 4 (i.e., U-factor 0.082). Blue-shaded cells represent wall assemblies that are in compliance with the 2009 IECC residential U-factor requirements for wall assemblies in Climate Zones 5 through 8 (i.e., U-factor 0.057).

Table 6.4 Wood Framed Wall, 24 on Center, Whole Wall U-factors
Continuous Insulation R-value R-0 R-2.0 R-2.5 R-3.0 R-3.5 R-4.0 R-4.5 R-5.0 R-5.5 R-6.0 R-6.5 R-7.0 R-7.5 R-8.0 R-8.5 R-9.0 R-9.5 R-10.0 0.178 0.163 0.150 0.140 0.130 0.122 0.115 0.109 0.103 0.098 0.093 0.089 0.085 0.082 0.078 0.075 0.073 Cavity Insulation R-value 2 x 4 Construction R-11 0.077 0.074 0.071 0.068 0.066 0.064 0.062 0.060 0.058 0.056 0.055 0.053 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 R-13 0.071 0.068 0.066 0.063 0.061 0.059 0.058 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.051 0.050 0.049 0.047 0.046 0.045 0.044 R-15 0.066 0.064 0.062 0.059 0.058 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.051 0.050 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 R-19 0.053 0.052 0.050 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.x 6 Construction R-20 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.036 0.036 R-21 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.036 0.036 0.035 R-25 0.047 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.036 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.032
Continuous insulation R-values are calculated either from the value provided for insulated siding or insulated sheathing or as the sum of insulated siding and insulated sheathing (i.e., foam sheathing). Yellow-shaded cells represent wall assemblies in compliance with 2009 IECC in Climate Zones 1 through 4; blue-shaded cells represent those in compliance in Climate Zones 5 through 8.
Table 6.5 Steel Framed Wall, 16 on Center, Whole Wall U-factors
Cavity Insulation R-value Continuous Insulation R-value R-2.0 R-2.5 R-3.0 R-3.5 R-4.0 R-4.5 R-5.0 R-5.5 R-6.0 R-6.5 R-7.0 R-7.5 R-8.0 R-8.5 R-9.0 R-9.5 R-10.0 R-0 0.196 0.178 0.164 0.151 0.141 0.131 0.123 0.116 0.110 0.104 0.099 0.094 0.090 0.086 0.083 0.079 0.x 4 Construction R-11 0.094 0.090 0.086 0.083 0.079 0.076 0.073 0.071 0.068 0.066 0.064 0.062 0.060 0.058 0.057 0.055 0.054 R-13 0.090 0.086 0.083 0.079 0.076 0.073 0.071 0.068 0.066 0.064 0.062 0.060 0.058 0.057 0.055 0.054 0.052 R-15 0.087 0.083 0.080 0.077 0.074 0.071 0.069 0.067 0.064 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.057 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.051 R-19 0.082 0.079 0.076 0.073 0.070 0.068 0.066 0.064 0.062 0.060 0.058 0.056 0.055 0.053 0.052 0.051 0.x 6 Construction R-20 0.082 0.079 0.076 0.073 0.070 0.068 0.066 0.064 0.062 0.060 0.058 0.056 0.055 0.053 0.052 0.051 0.049 R-21 0.080 0.077 0.074 0.071 0.069 0.067 0.065 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.057 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.051 0.050 0.049 R-25 0.077 0.075 0.072 0.069 0.067 0.065 0.063 0.061 0.059 0.057 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.052 0.050 0.049 0.048

Figure 7.1 Climate Zones of the United States

Climate Zone

Frame Wall U-factor

0.082 0.057

1-4 5-8
Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET), http://www.resnet.us/home-energy-ratings.
the total improvement necessary to achieve compliance with ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes Version 3.22
Table 7.1 Expected HERS Index Improvements on 2009 IECC Compliant Homes That Can Be Achieved with Insulated Siding
2009 IECC Minimum Home City ENERGY STAR 2011 HERS HERS Index HERS Index HERS Index Wall HERS Wall Wall Wall Improvement Improvement Improvement v. Index Target U-factor Index U-factor U-factor U-factor v. 2009 IECC v. 2009 IECC 2009 IECC 0.082 0.082 0.082 0.082 0.059 0.059 0.057 0.85 0.073 0.073 0.073 0.073 0.054 0.054 0.052 0.2 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.052 0.052 0.051 0.2 0.067 0.067 0.067 0.067 0.050 0.050 0.049 0.IECC Minimum Home + R-2.0 Insulated Siding 2009 IECC Minimum Home + R-2.5 Insulated Siding 2009 IECC Minimum Home + R-3.0 Insulated Siding
Miami Phoenix Dallas Baltimore Denver Burlington Duluth Fairbanks
Table 7.2 reports results on the basis of percent energy savings compared a 2009 IECC minimally compliant home. Energy savings include the savings associated with heating, cooling and domestic water heating, which are the only three energy use categories recognized for achieving compliance within the performance-based approach of the 2009 IECC. The results of the simulations show that a 1 to 6 percent reduction can be achieved in the homes projected heating, cooling and water heating energy use compared to a home built to the 2009 IECC by specifying insulated siding with an R-value of 2.0 to 3.0. To put these savings in perspective, across the eight climate zones, the average annual site energy savings associated with R-2.5 insulated siding are 10 times the savings of installing a new ENERGY STAR qualified refrigerator versus a new standard refrigerator.23
Table 7.2 Expected Heating, Cooling and Water Heating Improvements Over the 2009 IECC That Can Be Achieved with Insulated Siding
2009 IECC Minimum Home + R-2.0 Insulated Siding Climate Zone 2009 IECC Minimum Home Wall U-factor Percent Heating, Cooling and Water Heating Energy Savings Improvement over 2009 IECC 2009 IECC Minimum Home + R-2.5 Insulated Siding Percent Heating, Cooling and Water Heating Energy Savings Improvement over 2009 IECC 2009 IECC Minimum Home + R-3.0 Insulated Siding Percent Heating, Cooling and Water Heating Energy Savings Improvement over 2009 IECC

Wall U-factor

0.082 0.082 0.082 0.082 0.059 0.059 0.057 0.057
0.073 0.073 0.073 0.073 0.054 0.054 0.052 0.052

1% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2%

0.070 0.070 0.070 0.070 0.052 0.052 0.051 0.051

2% 2% 3% 4% 3% 3% 3% 2%

0.067 0.067 0.067 0.067 0.050 0.050 0.049 0.049

2% 3% 3% 6% 4% 4% 3% 3%

The ENERGY STAR HERS Index Target was calculated based on ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes Version 3, accessed on July 7, 2010 from www. energystar.gov. Actual results will vary based on climate zone, individual housing composition and finalized guidelines. Assumptions for the homes used to derive these numbers can be found in Appendix C. Assumes an 18 cubic foot refrigerator-freezer with automatic defrost and top-mounted freezer without through-the-door ice service. Sources: 10 C.F.R. Part 430.32, ENERGY STAR 2010 qualifying criteria for refrigerators.

Existing Homes

Replacing a homes exterior cladding with insulated siding can improve the thermal performance of the walls while reducing heating and cooling energy costs.24 Whether participating in a weatherization program (e.g., ENERGY STAR or state or utility programs) or pursuing energy and utility savings on an individual basis, insulated siding can help achieve a homeowners energy savings targets:
Specifying insulated siding can improve the R-value of existing walls, resulting in energy and utility bill savings. For energy efficiency retrofit programs that are based on simulated energy savings or energy ratings (e.g., HERS Index) of homes, insulated siding can be specified as part of a whole house solution to increase a homes energy performance. For programs requiring compliance with the Building Performance Institutes (BPI)25 Envelope Professional Standard, minimum insulation levels shall be determined based on local codes. Installation of insulated siding on existing homes can help satisfy this requirement of the standard. Insulated siding can be an effective energy conservation measure in weatherization programs that require calculation of savings-to-investment ratios for approved measures.

insulated siding is expected to save an average of approximately 5.5 times this amount of energy across the eight climate zones (average of more than 5.2 million Btu of site energy).
Table 7.3 Expected Heating and Cooling Energy Savings and HERS Index Improvements for a Typical 1950s to 1970s Era Home That Is Re-sided with Insulated Siding
1950s to 1970s Era Reference Home 0.094 HERS Index 1950s to 1970s Era Reference Home + R-2.0 Insulated Siding 0.086 1950s to 1970s Era Reference Home + R-2.5 Insulated Siding 0.082 1950s to 1970s Era Reference Home + R-3.0 Insulated Siding 0.079

Wall U-factor 0.094

Climate Zone 7 8
Percent Heating Percent Heating Percent Heating HERS Index HERS Index HERS Index and Cooling and Cooling and Cooling Improvement v. Improvement v. Improvement v. Energy Savings Energy Savings Energy Savings Reference Reference Reference v. Reference v. Reference v. Reference 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 3%
If the home is participating in an incentive-based energy retrofit program (e.g., Home Performance with ENERGY STAR or weatherization programs), it is often necessary to evaluate all candidate energy conservation measures (including insulated siding) based on their savings-to-investment ratio (SIR). If the SIR is high enough to meet a programs qualification criteria (generally 1.0 or higher for weatherization programs), then the energy conservation measure is considered eligible for funding and installation. When siding needs to be replaced, the investment portion of insulated sidings SIR should be calculated as the incremental cost of the insulated siding versus vinyl siding alone (i.e., the cost of insulated siding minus the cost of vinyl siding without integral insulation). This method will reveal the cost of the insulation itself, which will enable a clear comparison between insulated siding and other energy conservation measures under consideration. For example, suppose insulated siding is being considered as an energy conservation measure on a home that has 2,000 square feet of above-grade wall area. For this example, assume that the cost of vinyl siding is $2.59 per square foot, and the cost of insulated siding is $3.74 per square foot. The incremental cost of this energy conservation measure may be found as: ($3.74 - $2.59)*2,000 = $2,300.
Existing Homes Sample Wall Assemblies
When its time to re-side a home, insulated siding can be used to help meet or exceed the thermal performance of the walls of existing homes. Following are illustrations of typical wall assemblies that will assist the designer, remodeler or building energy analyst in identifying the thermal performance of walls incorporating insulated siding. Figure 7.2 Cross Section of Wood Framed Wall with Figure 7.3 Cross S R-2.5 Insulated Siding and R-9 Cavity Insulation R-2.5 Insulated

(1) You can test the system, with its air space, under ASTM C136397, Standard Test Method for the Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus, which is incorporated by reference in paragraph (a) of this section. If you do this, you must follow the rules in paragraph (a) of this section on temperature, aging and settled density. (2) You can add up the tested R-value of the material and the R-value of the air space. To get the R-value for the air space, you must follow the rules in paragraph (b) of this section. (e) The standards listed above are incorporated by reference into this section. These incorporations by reference were approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at the Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Response Center, Room 130, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20580, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call (202) 7416030, or go to: http://www. archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_ regulations/ibr_locations.html. Copies of materials and standards incorporated by reference may be obtained from the issuing organizations listed in this section. (1) The American Society of Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshocken, PA 194282959. (i) ASTM C17704, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the GuardedHot-Plate Apparatus. (ii) ASTM C51804, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus. (iii) ASTM C73903, Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation. (iv) ASTM C104501, Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties from SteadyState Conditions.
(v) ASTM C111400, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus. (vi) ASTM C114902, Standard Specification for Self-Supported Spray Applied Cellulosic Thermal Insulation. (vii) ASTM C122403, Standard Specification for Reflective Insulation for Building Applications. (viii) ASTM C136397, Standard Test Method for the Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus. (ix) ASTM C137104a, Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers. (x) ASTM C137403, Standard Test Method for Determination of Installed Thickness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building Insulation. (xi) ASTM E40871 (Reapproved 2002), Standard Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques. (2) U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), 1800 F Street, NW., Washington, DC 20405. (i) GSA Specification HHI530A, Federal Specification, Insulation Board, Thermal (Urethane), November 22, 1971. (ii) [Reserved] [70 FR 31274, May 31, 2005]

460.24 Stayed or invalid parts.
If any part of this regulation is stayed or held invalid, the rest of it will stay in force. APPENDIX TO PART 460EXEMPTIONS Section 18(g)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. 57a(g)(2), authorizes the Commission to exempt a person or class of persons from all or part of a trade regulation rule if the Commission finds that application of the rule is not necessary to prevent the unfair or deceptive acts or practices to which the rule relates. In response to petitions from industry representatives, the Commission has granted exemptions from specific requirements of 16 CFR part 460 to certain classes of sellers. Some of these exemptions are conditioned upon the performance of alternative actions. The exemptions are limited to specific sections of part 460. All other requirements of part 460 apply to these sellers. The exemptions are summarized below. For an explanation of the scope and application of the exemptions, see the formal Commission decisions in the FEDERAL REGISTER cited at the end of each exemption. (a) Manufacturers of perlite insulation products that have an inverse relationship between R-value and density or weight per square foot are exempted from
Appendix B: Other Insulated Siding Performance Characteristics Green Building Performance of Vinyl Siding
Green buildingalso known as sustainable or high-performance buildingis the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life cycle. Green building occurs from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. It expands and complements the typical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability and comfort. Green building consultant Sustainable Solutions Corporation conducted a review of available data related to vinyl siding, including life-cycle data.30 Life-cycle analysis is a technique for evaluating the environmental impact of a material or a service throughout all stages of its life, from extraction or harvesting of raw materials through processing, manufacture, installation, use and ultimate disposal or recycling. Vinyl starts with two simple building blocks: 57 percent from common salt, from which chlorine is extracted, and 43 percent from natural gas, from which ethylene is made. According to the U.S. Energy Information Agencys 2008 Short-term Energy Outlook, most natural gas is utilized to manufacture ethylene is domestically produced, which reduces consumption of imported oil products. From its start with two simple and natural building blocks to its efficient manufacturing process and modest transportation energy use, evidence shows that vinyl siding is sustainable throughout its life cycle, especially when compared to other exterior cladding. The fact that insulated siding provides additional energy efficiency benefits is like icing on the cake.

0 0.59 Attic F 1 N/A

0 0.61 Attic F 1 Unable to model in EnergyGauge

78/13 0.59 CA F 1 N/A

90/13 0.61 CA F 1 Unable to model in EnergyGauge
Doors Orientation (one front, one back) Total area for all doors (sq ft) U-factor Attic/ceiling Gross area (sq ft) Ceiling U-factor (assumed grade I) Roof Construction type Venting ratio Solar absorptance Emittance Radiant barrier (0 = none) Mechanical equipment ASHP heating season performance factor/seasonal energy efficiency rating (HSPF/SEER) Gas-fired forced air furnace + AC annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) SEER Gas-fired water heater, 40 gallons energy factor (EF) Location of space heating and cooling equipment (CA=conditioned area) Location of water heater (F=first floor, G=garage, B=basement) Heating set point (F) Cooling set point (F) Programmable T-stat (Yes=1, No=0) Offsets Duct systemset areas by EnergyGauge default Conditioned areas Supply duct Return duct Attic Supply duct Return duct Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.75 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.92 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.75 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.92 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.75 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.92 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.75 0.Comp shingle on wood sheathing 1:300 0.92 0.1217 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.21
Location (attic/conditioned) Leakage: Qn (cfm25out/floor area) Insulation for ducts in unconditioned space Infiltration, effective leakage area (SLA) Mechanical ventilation Rate (cfm) Daily run time (hours) Power draw (watts) Type (supply or exhaust) Cooling season ventilation (natural ventilation) Lighting, percent fluorescent Refrigerator (kWh/yr) Dishwasher (EF) Ceiling fan (cfm/watt)

75/25 0.08 R-8 0.00036

75/25 0.04 R-ACH sup 0 80% 423 0.66 122

50/50 0.08 R-8 0.00036

50/50 0.04 R-ACH sup 0 80% 423 0.66 122

0 50% 775 0.46 0

50/50 0.04 R-ACH exh 0 80% 423 0.66 122
Existing Home Assumptions
City State Miami FL Phoenix AZ Dallas TX Baltimore MD Denver CO Burlington VT Duluth MN Fairbanks AK
Climate zone, IECC Cooling employed (Yes=1, No=0) House orientation for front of home Above-grade sq ft Aspect ratio Length (ft) Width (ft) First floor ceiling height (ft) Second floor ceiling height (ft) Conditioned area (sq ft) Conditioned volume (cu ft) Housing type Number of stories (floors on or above-grade) Number of bedrooms Conditioned floors (including basement where applicable) Foundation Slab on grade (Yes=1, No=0) Crawl (Yes=1, No=0) Basement (Yes=1, No=0) Conditioned basement (Yes=1, No=0) Crawl/frame floor area (sq ft) Floor covering, frame floor only Joist spacing, frame floor only (inches o.c.) Joist depth, frame floor only (in) First floor R-value in case of unconditioned basement or ventilated crawl First floor insulation thickness in case of unconditioned basement or ventilated crawl (in) Basement slab area (sq ft) Slab on grade area (sq ft) Slab on grade vertical insulation R-value (assumed grade III) Slab on grade vertical insulation depth (ft) Foundation full perimeter (ft) Basement slab or slab on grade total exposed perimeter (ft) Basement blanket insulation Rvalue (assumed grade III) Basement blanket insulation height (ft)

See worksheet for details

Heating set point (F)

Cooling set point (F) Programmable T-stat (Yes=1, No=0) Duct system Leakage Location Duct insulation R-value (unconditioned space only; no insulation in conditioned space) Default Attic 0.5 Default Attic 0.5 Default Attic 0.5 Default Basement 0.5 Default Basement 0.5 Default Basement 0.5 Default Basement 0.5 Default Basement 0.0
For existing homes, many of the assumptions related to U-factors and R-values were sourced from Source 1. The methodology used to adjusted equipment efficiency was derived from Source 2. All modeling was done using Energy Gauge USA software. Source 1: Huang, J., and Gu, L., Prototype Residential Buildings to Represent the U.S. Housing Stock, Draft LBNL Report, Berkeley, CA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2002. Source 2: Hendron, R., Building America Performance Analysis Procedures for Existing Homes, DOE, NREL/TP-550-38238, 2006.

www.insulatedsiding.info

Vinyl Siding Installation Manual

Updated December 2010

This manual is published by the Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. (VSI) as a service to the industry. VSI members are manufacturers of vinyl siding and other polymeric siding and suppliers to the industry. The information provided in this publication is offered in good faith and believed to be reliable, but is made without warranty, express or implied, as to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or any other matter. VSI does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer. This publication is not intended to provide specific advice, legal or otherwise, on particular products or processes. Readers should consult with their own legal and technical advisors, vinyl siding suppliers, and other appropriate sources (including but not limited to product or package labels, technical bulletins, or sales literature) that contain information about known and reasonably foreseeable health and safety risks of their proprietary products and processes. VSI, its members, and contributors do not assume any responsibility for the users compliance with applicable laws and regulations, nor for any persons relying on the information contained in this guide. Information about individual manufacturers products contained herein has been provided by those manufacturers, who are solely responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the data.
Use of Manufacturers Instructions
Some specialized products may require unique installation instructions. Please contact the manufacturer directly for information about installing those products. For general information about vinyl siding, contact the Vinyl Siding Institute at:
National Housing Center 1201 15th Street NW, Suite 220 Washington, DC 20005 Website: www.vinylsiding.org
Copyright (c) (2010) The Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any meansgraphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systemswithout the written permission of the copyright owner, VSI. Users may download this manual to their own computers and make multiple machine-readable copies and/or print hard copies for personal use, as long as they do not alter, modify, adapt, display, publish, sell, or prepare derivative works based upon such material.

CONTENTS

Foreword.... 1. Important Notes.... 2 Building Codes..... 2. Water-Resistive Barrier.... 2 Fire Safety Information.... 3. Residing Over Asbestos Siding... 3. Storage and Transportation.... 3. Historic Restoration.... 4. Cleanup.... 4 Disposal.... 5 Basic Installation Rules.... 6. Terms to Know..... 7 Materials, Tools, and Accessories.... 9 Panel Profiles.... 9 Basic Installation Tools and Equipment... 9 Special Tools..... 10. Accessories.... 10 Getting Started.... 11. Materials.... 11 How to Measure... 11. Estimating Worksheet.... 13 Fastener Choices... 14 Fastening Procedure... 15 Cutting the Siding.... 16 Preparing the Walls.... 17 Installing Accessories.... 18 Outside and Inside Corner Posts... 18 Starter Strip.... 19. Windows, Doors, and Roof Lines.... 20 Gable and Trim.... 22. Horizontal Siding Installation.... 23 Installing Panels... 23. Fitting Siding Around Fixtures.... 24 Fitting Under Windows.... 24

CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

Sidewall Flashing at Roof Lines... 25. Finishing at the Top.... 26 Transition from Horizontal to Vertical... 27. Transition from Brick to Vinyl Siding... 27 Vertical Siding and Accessories Installation.. 27 Preparation.... 27 Accessories.... 28 Sidewalls.... 29. Gable Ends.... 31. Soffit Installation.... 32. Preparation.... 32 Installation Over Open Eaves.... 32 Installation Over Enclosed Eaves... 35 Porch Ceilings..... 36 Other Recommendations.... 37 Attaching Shutters.... 37 Replacing a Damaged Panel... 37 Capping a Corner Post.... 38 Repairing a Damaged Corner Post... 38

Water-Resistive Barrier

Vinyl siding has always been designed as an exterior cladding, not a water-resistive barrier. Vinyl siding is designed to allow the material underneath it to breathe; therefore, it is not a watertight covering. Because of its design and application, it provides a supplemental rain screen that enhances the water-resistive barrier system by reducing the amount of water that reaches the underlying water-resistive barrier. What Is a Water-Resistive Barrier System? It is a system that includes water shedding materials and water diversion materials. Water-resistive barrier systems commonly consist of a combination
of exterior cladding, flashed wall openings and penetrations, water-resistive barrier material, and sheathing. Effective water-resistive barrier systems will shed the water initially, control moisture flow by capillary and diffusion action, and minimize absorption into the wall structure. The level of water resistance required is determined by the applicable building code and structure. Best Practice: To achieve designed performance, vinyl siding must be installed over a water-resistive barrier system that includes 1) a continuous water-resistive material and 2) properly integrated flashing around all penetrations and where vinyl siding interfaces with other building products such as brick, stone, or stucco. Refer to the manufacturers instructions for specific product applications and recommendations. Whichever product(s) you decide to use as part of a water-resistive barrier system, be certain the materials meet the applicable building code by contacting the manufacturer of the waterresistive barrier material(s). Always consult the applicable building code for minimum water-resistive barrier requirements in your area. Keep in mind that additional measures may provide better protection against water intrusion than the minimum requirements of the building code.

Fire Safety Information

Exterior vinyl building materials require little maintenance for many years. Nevertheless, common sense dictates that builders and suppliers of vinyl products store, handle, and install vinyl materials in a manner that avoids damage to the product and/or the structure. Owners and installers should take a few simple steps to protect vinyl building materials from fire. To Home and Building Owners: Rigid vinyl siding is made from organic materials and will melt or burn when exposed to a significant source of flame or heat. Building owners, occupants, and outside maintenance personnel should always take normal precautions to keep sources of fire, such as grills, and combustible materials, such as dry leaves, mulch, and trash, away from vinyl siding. To the Building Trades, Specifiers, Professionals, and to Do-It-Yourself Installers: When rigid vinyl siding is exposed to significant heat or flame, the vinyl will soften, sag, melt, or burn, and may thereby expose material underneath. Care must be exercised when selecting underlayment materials because many underlayment materials are made from organic materials that are combustible. It is important to ascertain the fire properties of underlayment materials prior to installation. All building materials should be installed in accordance with local, state, and federal building code and fire regulations.

1 Preservation Briefs, Number 8, can be ordered by contacting the Superintendent of Documents at 202/512-1800. Or, the brief can be viewed via the Heritage Preservation Web site at www2.cr.nps.gov. GPO stock number: 024-005-01026-2
3. If mildew is a problem, use the solution previously mentioned, but add 1 quart (0.95 liter) liquid laundry bleach. 4. When washing down the entire house, start at the bottom and work up to the top in order to prevent streaking. 5. For stubborn stains, use the following chart: STAIN CLEANERS*
Bubble Gum Fantastik, Murphys Oil Soap, or solution of vinegar (30 percent) and water (70 percent) Crayon DAP (Oil-based caulk) Felt-tip Pen Lestoil Fantastik Fantastik or water-based cleaners
Grass Fantastik, Lysol, Murphys Oil Soap, or Windex Lipstick Fantastik or Murphys Oil Soap
Lithium Grease Fantastik, Lestoil, Murphys Oil Soap, or Windex Mold and Mildew Fantastik or solution of vinegar (30 percent) and water (70 percent) Motor Oil Fantastik, Lysol, Murphys Oil Soap, or Windex Oil Paint Pencil Rust Tar Top Soil Soft Scrub Brillo Pad or Soft Scrub Soft Scrub Fantastik, Murphys Oil Soap, or Windex Soft Scrub Fantastik, Lestoil, or Murphys Oil Soap
*Cleaning materials are listed in alphabetical order. VSI does not endorse proprietary products or processes and makes no warranties for the products referenced herein. Reference to proprietary names is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to imply that there are not equally effective alternatives. Follow the precautionary labeling instructions on the cleaning agent container. Protect shrubs from direct contact with cleaning agents.

Disposal

Dispose of all scrap or excess trim in a manner that is consistent with local and state rules and regulations. For information on recycling leftover vinyl siding scrap, visit the American Chemistry Councils website at www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics and search for vinyl siding recycling.

Basic Installation Rules

Before getting started, it is important to review several rules of thumb for vinyl siding application. The following rules, which come up throughout this guide, are critical for proper vinyl siding installation: 1. Installed panels and accessories must move freely from side to side.

2. When installing a siding panel, push up from the bottom until the lock is fully engaged with the piece below it. Without stretching the panel, reach up and fasten it into place. 3. Fasten nails or other fasteners in the center of the nailing slot and make sure the fastener penetrates a minimum of 3/4 (19mm) into a nailable surface. 4. Do not force the panels up or down when fastening in position.
5. not drive the head of the fastener tightly against the siding nail hem. Allow Do approximately 1/32 (0.8mm) (about the thickness of a dime) clearance between the fastener head and the siding panel. Make sure the panels can move freely back and forth. Drive fasteners straight and level to prevent distortion and buckling of the panel. 6. Leave a minimum of 1/4 (6.4mm) clearance at all openings and stops to allow for normal expansion and contraction. When installing in temperatures below 40 F/4.4 C, increase minimum clearance to 3/8 (9.5mm). 7. not caulk the panels where they meet the receiver of inside corners, outside Do corners, or J-trim. Do not caulk the overlap joints. 8. not face-nail or staple through siding. Vinyl siding expands and contracts with Do outside temperature changes. Face-nailing can result in ripples in the siding. 9. residing, furring or removal of uneven original siding may be necessary; take In appropriate actions to ensure a smooth and continuous surface. 10. new construction, avoid the use of green lumber as the underlayment. Keep in In mind that siding can only be as straight and stable as what lies under it. 11. The installation of specific products may differ in details from the instructions given in this manual. Always follow the manufacturers instructions, using parts specified by the manufacturer, to ensure proper installation.

TERMS TO KNOW

Backerboarda flat material used on the face of the house, applied between the studs and the siding (or over existing wall surface), to provide an even surface for installing vinyl siding. Buttlockthe bottom edge of a siding or soffit panel, or accessory piece, opposite the nailing slots, which locks onto to the preceding panel. Channelthe area of the accessory trim or corner post where siding or soffit panels are inserted. Channels also refer to the trim itself, and are named for the letters of the alphabet they resemble (e.g., J-channel or J-trim, F-channel, etc.). Coursea row of panels, one panel wide, running the length of the house from one side to the other, or, in the case of vertical siding, from top to bottom. Drip Cap/Head Flashingan accessory installed with vertical siding to ensure that water drips away from panels and does not infiltrate them. Double Channel Lineala siding accessory that joins two soffit panels. Facerefers to the side of a siding or soffit panel that is showing once the panel has been installed. Face-nailingthe action of fastening directly onto the face side of a panel (instead of using the nail hem slot). This practice is generally not used in siding installation. Fasciathe trim covering the ends of roof rafters. Fascia Boarda board attached to the ends of the rafters between the roofing material and the soffit overhang. Fascia Cap or Coverthe covering around a fascia board. Flashinga thin, flat material that meets the requirements of ICC AC148, positioned under or behind J-channels, corner posts, windows, etc., to keep draining water from penetrating the home. Furring/Furring Stripusually a wood 1 x 2 (25.4mm x 50.8mm) strip used to even a surface in preparation for installing vinyl siding. To fur a surface means to apply these strips.

MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND ACCESSORIES

Panel Profiles

Vinyl siding comes in a variety of shapes, textures, and colors, creating a wide array of looks for different houses. It is manufactured primarily with durable polyvinyl chloride in several different profiles, including single, double, triple, vertical, and Dutch lap (Fig. 4). There are also various types of vinyl soffit (the material used to enclose the underside of an eave or overhang). Soffit can be vented, solid, or a combination of the two (Fig. 5) and is designed to maximize airflow, preventing moisture accumulation and heat buildup between the siding and the house.

Figure 4.

Basic Installation Tools. and Equipment
Common hand tools, such as a hammer, finetooth saw, square, chalkline, level, and tape measure, are needed for proper installation (Fig. 6). Safety glasses are recommended for eye protection. Other basic tools include: Power Saw A bench or radial-arm power saw can speed the cutting of the siding or soffit. A fine-tooth plywood blade (12 to 16 teeth per inch) should be used with the blade installed in the reverse direction. Some applicators prefer a hand-held power saw. In extremely cold weather, move the saw through the material slowly to prevent chipping or cracking (Fig. 7).

Figure 5.

Figure 6.
NOTE: A saw blade set up in reverse direction should be used only for cutting vinyl. Do not attempt to use it on other materials such as wood, plywood, etc.

Figure 7.

Utility Knife Vinyl is easy to cut, trim, and score with a utility knife or scoring tool (Fig. 8). Tin Snips Good quality tin snips or compound aviation-type snips will speed the cutting and shaping of the vinyl (Fig. 8).

Utility knife Tin snips

Special Tools
Snap Lock Punch A snap lock punch is used to punch lugs in the cut edges of siding to be used for the top or finishing course at the top of a wall, or underneath a window (Fig. 9). Nail Hole Slot Punch Occasionally, it may be necessary to elongate a nail hem slot. The hole is elongated to allow for expansion and contraction (Fig. 9). Zip Lock (Unlocking) Tool Remove or replace a siding panel with the unlocking tool. Insert the curved end of the tool under the end of the panel and hook onto the back lip of the buttlock. To disengage the lock, pull down and slide the tool along the length of the panel. Use the same procedure to relock a panel (Fig. 9).

Figure 8.

Snap lock punch

Nail hole slot punch

Unlocking tool

Figure 9.

Starter strip Molding

Accessories

Outside and Inside Corner Posts
Corner posts are used to provide a finished edge at an inside or outside corner. The siding from adjoining walls fits neatly into the inside or outside corner post channels. Appropriate widths of channel openings are available to accommodate various configurations of siding. Trim and Molding
Drip cap/ flashing J-channel F-channel
A complete line of accessories is used to give every installation a professional appearance, while providing a water-resistive facade. Some accessories include trim, starter strips, molding, F-channels, drip caps, and J-channels (Fig. 10). Each of these accessories will be addressed in more detail throughout this manual.

Figure 10.

NOTE: Vinyl siding manufacturers produce various sizes of J-channels, corner posts, and other accessories. Remember to order accessories of the proper size to match the siding panels. Consult the manufacturer for the appropriate size.

GETTING STARTED

Materials
Sheathing/Backerboard Vinyl siding should be applied over a sheathing that provides a smooth, flat surface. Consult local building codes for sheathing requirements. Vinyl siding must never be applied directly to studs without sheathing. As an alternative, installation of specific types of contoured foam underlayments for various styles of vinyl siding are available. Some manufacturers of vinyl siding do not recommend the use of drop-in backers with certain vinyl siding configurations. Water-Resistive Barrier Vinyl siding should be installed over a continuous water-resistive barrier to stop the intrusion of incidental water. Refer to page 2 for more information on water-resistive barriers. Check your local building code for requirements in your geographic area. Flashing Code-compliant flashing should be integrated with the water-resistive barrier and applied around windows, doors, and other openings. Flashing should also be applied to inside and outside corners, and the intersection of walls and roofing to prevent water infiltration.

How to Measure

Estimating Required Materials n All houses can be broken down into shapes of rectangles or triangles, or a combination of both. n The area to be sided can be determined by measuring the height and width of the house, including windows (Fig. 11). n Total all of the measurements for the areas to be sided. Windows and doors are not usually deducted. Including them will provide an allowance factor for waste. If the windows and doors are extremely large (such as a garage or sliding glass doors), some deductions can be made (Fig. 12-14). n To estimate the amount of starter strip required, measure the linear feet around the entire base of the house. n Add siding to all material estimates to allow for waste, depending on the pitch of the roof and other house-specific factors. n To estimate the total pounds of fasteners required, multiply the total square feet of siding by 0.005 for aluminum nails and 0.01 for roofing nails, staples, and screws.

Starting nail

Corner post

Figure 19.
Staples If staples are being used instead of nails or screws, they must (Fig. 20): n Not be less than 16-gauge semi-flattened to an elliptical cross-section. n Penetrate not less than 3/4 (19mm) into framing or furring. n Be wide enough in the crown to allow free movement of the siding (approximately 1/32 [0.8mm] away from the nailing hem).

Cutting the Siding

When cutting vinyl siding or soffit, follow these guidelines: n Safety goggles are always recommended for all cutting and nailing operations. As on any construction job, use proper safety equipment and follow safe construction practices. n With a circular saw, install the fine-tooth (plywood) blade backwards on the saw for a smoother, cleaner cut, especially in cold weather (Fig. 21). Cut slowly. Do not attempt to cut materials other than vinyl with a reversed direction saw blade. Caution! Use of a backwards blade on any other materials could be unsafe. n With tin snips, avoid closing the blades completely at the end of a stroke for a neater, cleaner cut (Fig. 22). n With a utility knife or scoring tool, score the vinyl face up with medium pressure and snap it in half. It is not necessary to cut all the way through the vinyl (Fig. 23).

install blade backwards

Figure 20.

Figure 21.

Figure 23.

Figure 22.

Preparing the Walls
A flat, level wall surface is necessary for proper installation of vinyl siding. Install flashing before starting to apply the siding. Unless already installed, a water-resistive barrier should be applied to the house prior to installing vinyl siding. Refer to page 2 for more information on water-resistive barriers. Consult your local building code for requirements in your geographic area. New Construction n Tip: To reduce the possibility of floor-plate compression, drywall, roofing, or other heavy building materials should be installed or stored throughout the house prior to the installation of vinyl siding. Floor-plate compression can result in buckled siding at the intersection of the floor and the wall. Residing n Nail down loose boards of existing siding, and replace any rotten ones (Fig. 24). Do not install vinyl siding over rotting wood. n Scrape off loose caulk and re-caulk around windows, doors, and other areas to protect from moisture penetration. n Remove all protrusions such as gutters, downspouts, and light fixtures. n Check all walls for evenness and install furring strips where necessary. When installing furring strips, please take appropriate measures to establish a smooth and continuous surface. (Fig. 25).

Figure 29.

NOTE: When insulation or backerboard is used, fur the starter strip, if necessary, to accommodate the thickness of the siding. For a vertical siding starter methods, see the section on vertical siding.
n Using the chalkline as a guide, install the top edge of the starter strip along the bottom of the chalkline, nailing at 10 (254mm) intervals. Allow space for the corner posts, J-channels, etc. n Keep the ends of starter strips at least 1/4 (6.4mm) apart to allow for expansion (Fig. 29). n Nail in the center of the starter strip nailing slots. n For backed siding, the starter strip needs to be spaced away from the wall to accommodate the thickness of the backing on the siding. Consult the manufacturers instructions for specific materials or techniques.
NOTE: In certain situations, it may be necessary to use J-channel as a starter strip; remember to drill minimum 3/16 (4.8mm) diameter weep holes no more than 24 (610mm) apart.
Windows, Doors, and Roof Lines
Flashing New Window Installations If installing both a new window and flashing, refer to window manufacturers instructions and ASTM E2112, Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights for the proper flashing installation method for the window type and wall configuration on the project. Flashing Previously Installed Nail Fin Windows If a nail fin (in new construction) window has been previously installed without flashing, the following instructions should be followed: n Apply a continuous bead of sealant to the nailing flange of the sill in a manner that covers the nails and nail slots. Apply a minimum of 9 (229mm) wide horizontal sill flashing level with the bottom edge of the existing window by pressing the flashing into the sealant bead at its top edge. Cut the sill flashing long enough to extend a minimum of 9 (229mm) beyond each jamb. Fasten the sill flashing at the bottom and side edges (Fig. 30). n Apply a continuous bead of sealant to the nailing flange of the jambs in a manner that covers the nails and nail slots. Continue the bead of sealant at the jambs vertically a minimum of 8 1/2 (216mm) above the head of the window to allow for bedding the top portion of the jamb flashing into sealant in the next step. Install the jamb flashing by pressing the flashing into the sealant beads at the window jambs. Extend the bottom edge of the jamb flashing approximately 1/2 (12.7mm) short of the sill flashing edge, and extend the top edge approximately 8 1/2 (216mm) beyond the head of the window, where the head flashing will be placed next. Fasten the jamb flashing along the edges further most from the window (Fig. 31).

Figure 30.

Figure 31.
NOTE: Sealant should be compatible with window, flashing, and water-resistive barrier materials. Contact sealant manufacturer for job-specific recommendations.

J-channel 1/2 min. gap

NOTE: Vinyl J-channels should not be in direct contact with roofing shingles, since the shingles may transfer enough heat to the vinyl J-channel to cause its distortion. Gable and Trim

Roof flashing

Figure 34.
Before applying siding to the gables, the J-channel should be installed to receive the siding at the gable ends (Fig. 35): n Where the left and right sections meet at the gable peak, let one of the sections butt into the peak with the other section overlapping. n A miter cut should be made on the face flange of this piece for better appearance. n Fasten the J-channel every 8 to 12 (203mm to 305mm). n If more than one length of J-channel is required to span a wall surface, be sure to overlap the Jchannels by 3/4 (19mm).

Figure 35.

HORIZONTAL SIDING INSTALLATION

Installing Panels

n The first course (row of panels) should be placed in the starter strip and securely locked along the entire length of the siding panel. Make sure the panel is securely locked before fastening. n Fasten the panels in the center of the nailing slots (see pages 14 and 15 for specific information on fastening and fasteners). Allowance should be made for expansion and contraction by leaving a 1/4 (6.4mm) gap between the siding and all corner posts and channels. Increase to 3/8 (9.5mm) when installing in temperatures below 40 F (4.4 C). If the panels are 20 feet (6.1 meters) or longer, refer to the manufacturers instructions for how to increase the gap. n Do not drive the head of the fastener tightly against the nail slot. Leave approximately 1/32 (0.8mm) between the fastener head and the vinyl (about the thickness of a dime). n Do not force the panels up or down when fastening. Panel locks should be fully engaged; however, the panels should not be under vertical tension or compression when they are fastened. n Since vinyl siding moves as the temperature changes, make certain that the vinyl panels can move freely in a side-to-side direction once fastened. n Check every fifth or sixth course for horizontal alignment (Fig. 36). Also check siding alignment with adjoining walls. n When panels overlap, make sure they overlap by one half the length of the notch at the end of the panel, or approximately 1 (25.4mm) (Fig. 37). n When lapping horizontal foam backed siding, slide panels together until the backing forms a continuous coverage (Fig. 38). Do not leave a gap between the backing of each panel. n Stagger the siding end laps so that no two courses (rows of panels) are aligned vertically, unless separated by at least three courses. n Always overlap joints away from entrances and/or away from the point of greatest traffic. This will improve the overall appearance of the installation (Fig. 37). n Avoid using panels shorter than 24 (610mm).

NOTE: Kickout flashing (Fig. 44) is an additional flashing strip that extends beyond the edge of the fascia that is required in some cold-climate localities.
Install J-channel Water-resistive with 1/2 minimum barrier tape clearance from shingles Sheathing
Sheathing Water-resistive barrier (housewrap) Step flashing
Waterresistive barrier tape J-channel

Diverter

/roong felt Roof

Over vertical J-channel

Roof Drip edge

Fascia

Water-resistive barrier

Figure 43. Figure 44.

Finishing at the Top
Before the final course of siding is installed on the wall, any soffit accessories that will be used on the eaves must be installed. See the soffit installation section. Gable Ends To install around gable ends, make a pattern that duplicates the slope of the gable (Fig. 45): n Lock a short piece of siding into the gable starter course (i.e., the last course before the gable starts). n Hold a second piece of siding against the J-channel at the slope of the gable. Mark the slope with a pencil on the short piece of siding. Check the angle template every few courses. n Remove the short piece and cut along the pencil line as a pattern for the gable angle cuts. Repeat the procedure on the opposite side of the gable. n It may be necessary to fasten the last panel at the gable peak with a trim nail. Use a 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 (31.8mm to 38.1mm) nail. This is one of the few times a nail should be placed in the face of the vinyl siding (Fig. 46). Eaves Treatment The last course of siding may be cut to fit the eaves opening (Fig. 47). n Measure from the soffit to the base of the upper lock on the previous course of panels. Subtract 1/4 (6.4mm). Mark this dimension on the panel to be cut, measuring from the bottom edge of the panel. It is a good idea to check the dimension in several locations along the length of the wall. n Using a snap lock punch, punch the vinyl siding along the cut edge every 6 (152mm), so the raised lug is on the outside face. n Push the siding into the utility trim that has been nailed in place along the top of the wall. Furring may be needed to maintain the face of the panel at the desired angle. The raised lugs will catch and hold the siding firmly in place.

Draw line here

Figure 45.
Colored aluminum or stainless steel finish nail

Figure 46.

Distance minus 1/4

Figure 47.

Low-Pitch Roof When the majority of the nail hem has been removed, such as is necessary when fastening siding under a low-pitch roof, some manufacturers offer specialty products. Contact your manufacturer for an appropriate product or installation method. For example, use a two-piece cover/receiver along the rake (Fig. 48). Install the receiver flush with the top of the wall. Punch nail slots along the top edge of the panel every 16 (406mm). Use those nail slots to attach the panel to the wall. Snap the cover into place over the nails.

Two-piece cover

Two-piece receiver Cut & nail slotpunched siding panel
Transition from Horizontal to Vertical
Figure 48. n Finish the last course of horizontal siding with the J-channel and/or finish trim. Install a drip cap and a J-channel. The top piece of J-channel must have minimum 3/16 (4.8mm) diameter weep holes drilled no more than 24 (610mm) apart to allow for water runoff.
Transition from Brick to Vinyl Siding
n Caulk where the sheathing meets the brick or stone exterior. Flashing should be caulked where it meets the brick or stone and a drip cap should be in place. n If horizontal siding is used, a J-channel or starter strip may be used. If starter strip is used, it is necessary to provide at least 3/8 (9.5mm) clearance for proper engagement of the siding. n Use a J-channel to receive vertical siding; remember to drill minimum 3/16 (4.8mm) diameter weep holes no more than 24 (610mm) apart.
VERTICAL SIDING AND ACCESSORIES INSTALLATION

Preparation

See section Preparing the Walls on page 17. When installing vertical siding, however, follow these additional preparatory steps: n Install horizontal furring strips, 12 (305mm) on center, or a solid nailable sheathing prior to the siding, if needed, to level the surface or provide sufficient material for fastener penetration. n Snap a level chalkline around the base of the sidewalls. Typically, the chalkline is positioned so that the bottom of the J-channel that will be installed like a starter strip is 1/4 (6.4mm) below the lowest point on the wall that will be sided. (See the Installing Accessories section for tips on snapping a chalkline.) Install J-channel along the chalkline as a receiver for the vertical siding.
As with horizontal siding, when installing vertical siding it is necessary to install several accessories first, including corner posts and window, door, and roof trim. Outside and Inside Corner Posts n Leave 1/4 (6.4mm) gap at the top of corner posts. n Place the first nails in the uppermost end of the top nail slots to hold them in position (Fig. 49). Place all other nails in the center of the slots. Nails should be 8 to 12 (203mm to 305mm) apart. n Corner posts should extend 1/4 (6.4mm) below the siding. Do not nail tightly; the corner post should move. n With backed siding, use the manufacturers approved corner post to receive the additional thickness of the backing. If one is not available, shim the post with foam or other shim material. Always consult the manufacturers instructions first. Bottom Receiver n Position the top edge of a J-channel or vertical base along the previously snapped chalkline. Remember to drill minimum 3/16 (4.8mm) diameter weep holes no more than 24 (610mm) apart. n Fasten every 8 to 12 (203mm to 305mm). Use the center of the nail slots. All vinyl should be fastened securely but not tightly. Sideways movement should not be restricted. Leave 1/4 (6.4mm) gaps at the corner posts (Fig. 50). Where lengths adjoin, trim the nailing flange 1 (25.4mm) and overlap 3/4 (19mm) to produce a neat joint (Fig. 51). Window, Door, and Roof Trim Install J-channel at the tops of the sidewalls. At the gable ends, snap a level chalkline along the base of the gable and install J-channel. Overlap where necessary and allow for expansion (Fig. 52). After installing flashing, trim around all windows and doors using J-channel. The following sequence is suggested: n Cut a J-channel for the bottom of the window, as wide as the frame, and install it.

Figure 61.

SOFFIT INSTALLATION
Soffit is used to enclose the underside of an eave. The installation of soffit will determine the positioning of the inside and outside corner posts. It also is necessary to complete the soffit before the final course of siding is installed on the wall. Vinyl soffit is designed to be easily installed lengthwise from wall to fascia. Soffit panels are similar to vertical siding. Manufacturers produce both solid and vented panels, as well as combinations of the two.
Inspect and plan the job in advance. For residing applications, nail down any loose panels, boards, or shingles. Check surfaces for straightness and fur when necessary. Surfaces should be uniform and straight from various viewing angles. The procedure used to install soffit depends on the construction of the eave. There are two different types of eaves: n Open eaveseaves with exposed rafters or trussesare typical of new construction. Open eave installation procedures are also used when removing damaged soffit during a residing project. n Enclosed eaveseaves with soffit in place are typical of residing projects. When transitioning soffit at the peak of a gable (Fig. 62), secure two J-channels back-to-back to receive an individual piece of soffit on each accessory.
NOTE: Ventilation Requirements: Proper attic ventilation is important for any home. Consult the local building code for the appropriate requirements for a specific geographic area, and use vented soffit or other vented products as required.

Fascia boards

Back-to-back J-channels

Figure 62.

Installation Over Open Eaves
Follow this five-step procedure: 1. Install receiving channels (soffit receiver or J-channel). n There are several ways to install receiving channels for soffit. You can use accessories such as J-channel or F-channel. The best approach is to select a method that works most effectively with the construction techniques used to create the eave. n Examine the illustrations on the right side of page 33 and find one that most closely resembles the construction methods used on this particular project (Fig. 63 through 66). n Install the receiving channels following the details shown in the illustrations on page 33. Nail channels every 8 to 12 (203mm to 305mm), positioning the nail in the center of the slot. Do not nail tightly.
NOTE: Nailing strips must be installed as shown in Fig. 66 if the eave span is greater than 16 (406mm), unless otherwise specified in the soffit manufacturers instructions. In areas with high wind restrictions, nailing should not exceed 12 (305mm) on center, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
n If no soffit receiver is available for a situation best suited for the product, the J-channel can be modified to create an F-receiver (Fig. 67). n Simply cut slots in the nail flange area where it would be nailed to the wall (Fig. 67). After cutting the nail flange, bend the flange back and nail it to the wall. n If the soffit will turn a corner, cut and install the channel so there is 1/4 (6.4mm) for expansion at each of the adjoining walls. 2. Measure from the wall to the fascia board. Then subtract 1/2 (12.7mm) to allow for expansion. Mark and cut this dimension on a soffit panel.