7.0 16-Jul-2010

New protocols: dPMR X.25 TETRA Improvements and modifications GUI, toolbars, menus etc. changed Wideband classifier (bandwidth 96 kHz) Adjustable Classifier Code Check with XML table lookup Classifier Code Check Table Editor CODAN-9001 extended with Compressed Data and Secure Interactive Packets decoding. CODAN-9001 documentation extended SR Calibration added SAT Translation Frequency Tuning Bar changed to SAT Frequency Tuning Bar and new functions added. PSK-mode tuning window cursors are now merged into one, single cursor Application notes removed from the user manual into separate documents (available from www.wavecom.ch) BR-6028 is now a mode and no longer a demodulator CRC tables are changed from \Config\CRCTABLE.TXT to \Config\CRCTable.xml Source code chapter removed (as the source is no longer available) INMARSAT-A and METOSAT removed Notation of Translation frequency changed to Offset frequency Notation of INDIR changed to SUB VDL-M2, Display-Mode added AMSAT-P3D: The file amsatp3d.raw is no longer available. Translation frequency replaced with offset frequency CW AFC: ON/OFF Automatic detection of the Display Mode for MIL-STD and STANAG signals

4 General Information

Recommended Products/Services

W-BV BitView Tool

The highly sophisticated BitView Tool is an external off-line, stand-alone.NET application for analysis of unknown signals. BitView has a number of features: Bit manipulation tools Bit display tools (text, graphics) Simultaneous processing of multiple analysis sessions Auto-update functionality Report generator (parameters, data, ASCII, XML) Drag and drop of functions Re-arrangement of functions in a tree view Nested docking Auto hide Drag and drop of windows Application and modification of alphabets Persistent-to-XML file (screen layout is restored at start-up time) .NET technology No installation required, just run the executable Data stream and data file import from W61PC/LAN and W-CODE MatLab and C# user defined functions

Training

All customers are offered a complete, professional training program covering all key features of our products. Depending on student skill level and experience, a customized training program may be tailored to the customers specific needs. General information on radio data transmission, frequency spectrum monitoring and associated topics like basic signal processing and recording methods can also be included in a course. Recorded and live signals are used for the decoding training. Training is available on customers premises, or at the fully equipped WAVECOM training facility in Switzerland.

44 GUI

Example: CHU signal
First adjust the center frequency and the bandpass filter settings. You will notice that the vertical lines are skewed. Press Options | Fine Tune and use the slider to adjust the vertical lines so they become perpendicular to the time axis of the calibration window.
Note: The full range of theFine Tune process is 0.1 % deviation. For deviations larger than this use Fine Tune repeatedly until the desired effect has been achieved. If you succeeded in correcting the sampling rate, i.e. the vertical lines have been straightened and are perpendicular to the time axis, press OK to save the measured value.

GUI 45

As the sampling rate calibration feature utilizes an AM demodulator, input level should be as high as possible, resulting in a high level of contrast which facilitates the adjustments. If necessary use the Demodulator menu to adjust the AM gain and offset.

View Menu

In the View menu the visibility of each individual status and indicator element may be selected or deselected. A checkmark indicates that the element is selected. A deselected element is not deleted, but may be made visible at any time.

Window Menu

Using the Window menu new output windows may be opened and organized.

Help Menu

For context sensitive help on a menu item, use F1 on the item.
Selecting Contents opens the online help system. Help on clicked buttons, menus and windows are then available.

WAVECOM on the Web

Contents access the decoder help file. www.wavecom.ch links to website of WAVECOM.

About W61.

46 GUI
Displays information on software version, build number, and release date for the installed application.

Other GUI Elements

Toolbar
Allows access to file, print and search operations. Most functions on this toolbar are also available from the File menu. If the mouse is resting for more than approximately half a second on a button, a label with the name of the function is displayed (tool tip). In addition a short help text is displayed on the system status bar. Depending on the active mode, buttons for which the corresponding function is not available are grayed.

Analysis Tools 77

Additionally, several Color schemes are available through the right-click menu.

BIT LENGTH ANALYSIS

Bit length analysis serves to determine baud rate distributions, tone duration or bit length distributions. The resolution offered by the sampler option is 14 s (72,000 samples per second). After the demodulator has been correctly set up either manually or by using the auto function, sampling is initiated by pressing the Start button. To stop sampling, the Stop button is pressed. Captured data may then be further analyzed. A screen with two graphs is displayed. The following example shows a typical bit length display screen.

78 Analysis Tools

The bit length analysis screen consists of a window for graphs of the two bit length distribution functions for binary 0 and 1, as well as a window containing a graph of the raw, binary data. By right-clicking on one of the two displays a menu appears. By selecting Zoom In the mouse cursor changes its shape. By clicking and dragging, a field can be resized. After the zoom field has been sized, release the mouse button. An enlarged section of the raw data or the bit distribution is displayed. By selecting Zoom 100%, the full screen display will reappear.

Analysis Tools 79

Several color schemes are available through the right-click menu. By clicking on the displays graphic cursors may be used to move over the graph to allow measurement of data. The bottom window shows the distribution of bit lengths, as computed from the sampled data. It should be noted that reception in the HF band may be subject to distortions. In such cases the distributions for the "0" and "1" values should be averaged. In the top window a graphical representation of the binary data "0" and "1" is provided. The resolution may be set using the zoom function. Practical values are between 1000 s and 10000 s. In general, the resolution is controlled by the smallest parameter to be measured. For MFSK, this corresponds to tone changes and RTTY to data transitions (bits). Using the scroll bar the binary bit pattern may be continuously moved left or right. This allows easy location of the bit/tone duration to be measured. The example shows the lower section of the screen display after using the zoom function. The cursors may be moved across the bit pattern. The individual positions of the cursors, as well as the difference between the two cursors, are continuously displayed in s and Bd. When measuring binary 0s or 1s (mark or space) it should be noted that the two levels may be subject to severe distortions, depending on the quality of the received signal. Using the average value over a number of measurements improves the accuracy of results. Some transmission modes are modulated in terms of bit length or bit position (Pulse Width and Pulse Position Modulation).

CIS-36

Transmission Modes 107
Frequency range Operation modes Modulation Speed Receiver settings Input format(s)
HF Duplex ARQ MFSK-36 25, 50 or 100 ms DATA, CW, LSB or USB AF, IF
CIS-36 is operating with Symbol rates of 10, 20 or 40 Bd which is equivalent to tone duration of 100, 50 or 25 ms. Transmissions in CIS-36 are mostly in Russian using an ITA-2 alphabet. CIS-36 is a full-duplex mode with two transmission frequencies, but can also be used in simplex mode. CIS-36 is based on the older PICCOLO-MK1 system. However, the signal is not symmetric and uses three frequency groups with 10, 11 and 11 frequencies. The tone spacing is 40 Hz. The theoretical bandwidth is 1400Hz. In on-line crypto traffic mode the control tones #1, #12, # 24 and #36 are rarely sent so between the three frequency groups a spacing of 80 Hz seems to appear. The decoder shows the shift cursors at the tone position #2 and #35 (resulting in a 1320 Hz shift). CIS-36 in error-correcting traffic mode is using a horizontal line- and vertical block-error-detection. Each block has ten data frames and a parity frame. Each data frame has five data characters and one parity character. In case an error is detected the receiving station starts ask for a frame repetition (NAK instead of ACK) from the last complete and correctly received frame. The 10 Bd variant is used for manually transmitted operator messages and is mostly unencrypted. The automatic switching of the tone length is initialized by control sequences. When message traffic has to be sent, the system switches to 20 or 40 Bd. This part is either coded or online encrypted in almost every transmission. Special control sequences are used for transmission control, call set up and clearance. CIS-36 also has SELCAL and link establishment features.

CIS-36-50

Frequency range Operation modes Modulation Symbol rate Shift Receiver settings Input format(s)
VLF, HF Simplex FSK 36, 50, 75, 100, 150 Bd 85, 125, 250 and 500 Hz, variable 50-3500 Bd DATA, CW, LSB or USB AF, IF
CIS-36-50, also known as BEE-36 or T600, is a synchronous system. Usually a 36 Bd idle sequence is transmitted, followed by 50 baud traffic. All traffic is encrypted. A message begins with a bit synch sequence and a start-of-message preamble. Message data is sent with a 7-bit, 3:4 ratio alphabet, and ends with an end of transmission sequence containing at least 4 end-oftransmission characters. The length of a message is variable. If a transmission contains more than one message, the start of message sequence is left out between messages. Occasionally traffic with call signs in FSK CW is transmitted.

The entire call number is transmitted by consecutive tones in decade sequence. When two identical digits are to be transmitted consecutively, then an eleventh frequency is used as a repetition identifier. If more than two identical digits are to be transmitted, the repetition tone is appended to the digit tone (e.g. 22222 is transmitted as f2 fw f2 fw f2, where f2 is the tone for "2" and fw is the repetition tone). In most systems the accuracy of the single frequencies has to be within +1/-1.5% of the nominal value. For ZVEI modes having nominal tone durations of 70 ms, the duration of a single tone may vary 15 ms. Decoding the selective calls is started by clicking on a system. If transmission and system selection conform, the call sign is displayed on the monitor. In the Options menu a Time stamp function can be enabled to add date and time to each call.

124 Transmission Modes

Tone Allocation Digit

1530 1670

A B C D E F

2400 680

The entire call number is transmitted by consecutive tones in decade sequence. When two identical digits are to be transmitted consecutively, then an eleventh frequency is used as a repetition identifier. If there more than two identical digits are to be transmitted the repetition tone is appended to the digit tone (e.g. 22222 is transmitted as f2 fw f2 fw f2, where f2 is the tone for "2" and fw is the repetition tone). In most systems the accuracy of the single frequencies has to be within +1/-1.5% of the nominal value. Decoding the selective calls is started by clicking on a system. If transmission and system selection conform, the call sign is displayed on the monitor. In the Options menu a Time stamp function can be enabled to add date and time to each call. Tone Allocation Digit

A B C D E (REPETITION)

Tone Duration: 40 ms

Transmission Modes 125

Frequency range Operation modes Modulation Shift/Bandwidth Symbol rate Receiver settings Input format(s)
HF Broadcast asynchronous ASCII FSK 340 Hz 200.0 Bd DATA, CW, LSB or USB AF, IF
A German company operates a radio broadcast load balancing and ripple control system for electrical power distribution networks. Short telegrams are used to control street lights, heaters, tariff switching etc. The subscribers control their equipment by sending messages to the central computer of service provider. The central computer forwards the messages to transmitters in Frankfurt am Main (DCF49, 129.1 kHz) and Burg (DCF39, 139.0 kHz). Transmissions are 200 Bd ASCII FSK with a shift of 340 Hz. The transmission format is based on DIN-19244, i.e. start bit, 8 data bits, parity bit and stop bit. The length of the data frame is variable; therefore a length field is required. The frames consist of a start character, followed by the length information, which is sent twice. The fourth byte is the start character again. Bytes five to seven are message number, address field A1 and address field A2. After a maximum of 16 data bytes, a checksum is transmitted and finally the stop character. The checksum is an addition of the message number, address and data fields without considering carry bits. Messages are sent twice to increase transmission security. Two user data protocols are in use, Semagyr-TOP and Versacom. As messages do not contain a protocol identifier both formats are displayed together with the raw data string in hexadecimal format. Using Options/Display Mode. the display may be toggled between All frames and Error free frames. If messages are not at hand, EFR periodically transmits time signals which allow the receivers to synchronize their internal clock. From time to time, a test signal is transmitted containing the name of the transmitter, e.g. DCF49.

637.5 787.5 937.5 1087.5 1237.5 1387.5
E (REPETITION) TONE DURATION
1537.5 1687.5 1837.5 1937.5 487.ms
Fax & MODEMS Half-Duplex

FAX-G3-V.17

Transmission Modes 151
Frequency range Operation modes Modulation Speed Input format(s)
2-Wire FAX Modem 128QAM, HDX 14400/12000/ 9600/7200 bps AF
Additional information see Modem and FAX modes on page 244.

FAX-G3-V.27ter

2-Wire FAX Modem D8PSK,HDX 4800 bps AF

FAX-G3-V.29

4-Wire FAX Modem 16QAM, HDX 9600 bps AF

FAX-G3-V34hdx

Frequency range Operation modes Speed Modulation Input format(s) FAX Modem Up to 33600 bps Trellis coded QAM, HDX AF

V.21, BELL103

2-Wire DATA Modem FSK 300 bps AF

V.22 / V.22bis, BELL212A

152 Transmission Modes
2-Wire DATA Modem DPSK/16QAM 1200/2400 bps AF
2-Wire DATA Modem FSK 1200 bps AF
Additional information see Modem and FAX modes on page 244. Additional information see Modem and FAX modes on page 244.

MPT-1327

VHF/UHF Duplex ARQ TDMA, Dynamic Frame Length Slotted ALOHA FM, SUB FSK 1200 Bd 1500 Hz 600 Hz FM BW = 15 kHz AF, IF Channel spacing = 12.5 kHz NZRI
Trunked mobile radio makes a limited number of radio channels available for a relatively large number of mobile subscribers by channel sharing and appropriate access and signaling procedures on a control channel. The software monitors control and traffic channels. A trunked network is controlled by a fixed base station (TSC - Trunked System Controller). Wide areas requiring radio coverage are divided into cells each of which is controlled by a TSC. The TSCs are connected to a hub and are controlled by a Management Controller. The TSCs register roaming of the mobile units and route traffic to the TSC which is nearest to the subscriber. TSCs may be connected to the public telephone network. Trunked systems may carry voice or data signals. The mobile unit uses two-channel simplex and the base station full-duplex. The British MPT-1327 specifications for trunked private land mobile radio systems have won general and de facto acceptance in Europe. MPT-1327 specifies the general signaling features to be used on the trunked system. The system is used in the UK, France, Germany (Chekker, License A), Switzerland (Speedcom) and the Scandinavian countries with national adaptations. The control channel is divided into the Forward Control Channel from base station to units, and the Return Control Channel from units to base. The forward control channel may be dedicated (fixed), non-dedicated (any free channel) or the same for all TSC's, which then access the channel in TDMA (time division multiple access). The return control channel is randomly accessed by the mobiles in timeslots of 106.7 ms (128 bits). The forward control channel is divided into time slots each carrying two 64-bit code words:

176 Transmission Modes

Package-Identifier PID Hexadecimal value PID
** ** 0x10 0x06 0x07 0x08 0xc3 0xc4 0xca 0xcb 0xcc 0xcd 0xce 0xcf 0xf0 0xff 0x08

binary value

xx01xxxx xx10xxxx 00001000

Layer 3 Protocol

AX.25 layer 3 implemented AX.25 layer 3 implemented ISO 8208/CCITT X.25 PLP Compressed TCP/IP packet. Van Jacobson (RFC 1144) Uncompressed TCP/IP packet. Van Jacobson (RFC 1144) Segmentation fragment TEXNET datagram protocol Link Quality Protocol Appletalk Appletalk ARP ARPA Internet Protocol ARPA Address resolution FlexNet NET/ROM No layer 3 protocol implemented. Escape character. Next octet contains more Level 3 protocol information. Escape character. Next octet contains more Level 3 protocol information.

RUM-FEC

HF Broadcast/Simplex FEC FSK 164.5 and 218.3 Bd, variable 30-650 Bd DATA, CW, LSB or USB AF, IF 16 Bit redundancy
RUM-FEC operates at symbol rates of 164.5 and 218.3 Bd on the radio link. The HNG-FEC and RUM-FEC modes are technically very similar. RUM-FEC alphabet has a codeword length of 16 bits where each of the 32 used bit combinations corresponds to an ITA-2 character. The RUM-FEC alphabet is designed to obtain a maximum Hamming distance for error detection and has deep interleaving. The actual ITA-2 alphabet is not contained in the code table. As in HNG-FEC error correction is performed by table look-up of the bit pattern (character) closest resembling the character in error. RUM-FEC has a bit interleaving of 128 bits, each new character starting at intervals of 16 bits. The software synchronizes to traffic as well as idle bit patterns. Error correction may be enabled or disabled using the ECC item in the Options menu. In RUM-FEC mode the signal polarity (sideband) can be manually selected by toggling the Polarity item in the Demodulator menu. If polarity changes during a transmission, synchronization will not be lost.

SAT-AERO-P (Option)

Transmission Modes 177
Frequency range Operation modes
L-band/C-band Inm-Aero (Forward Pd and Psmc Chnl) Forward: P-channel packet switched data TDM: 600 bps, 1200 bps A-BPSK (SDPSK), 10.5 kbps A-QPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = , k = 7 C-channel circuit mode SCPC: 8.4 kbps A-QPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = 2/3, k = 7 , 10.5 kbps A-QPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = , k = 7 Return: R-channel slotted Aloha: 600 bps, 1200 bps A-BPSK (SDPSK), 4.8 kbps, 10.5 kbps A-QPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = , k = 7 T-channel TDMA: 600 bps, 1200 bps A-BPSK (SDPSK), 10.5 kbps AQPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = , k = 7 C-channel circuit mode SCPC: 8.4 kbps A-QPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = 2/3, k = 7, 10.5 kbps A-QPSK (OQPSK), convolutional FEC R = , k = 7 "SwiftBroadband" which accommodates voice and dat rates up to 432 kbps. A-BPSK (Aviation-BPSK), symmetrical, differential PSK (SDPSK) A-QPSK (Aviation-QPSK), a variant of offset QPSK >15 dB (20 dB recommended) IF

For the proper functioning of SSTV, the receiver must be correctly tuned. To assist in tuning, the SSTV display includes a frequency spectrum in the lower window. When correctly tuned, one should see a frequency spike around the sync frequency, and a wide band of frequencies between the black and white frequencies. To visually aid tuning, markers are displayed at the Sync, Black and White frequencies.

Transmission Modes 189

SSTV Standards for Synchronization Parameter
Synch Tone Black Tone White Tone Picture Synch Line Synch
1200 Hz 1500 Hz 2300 Hz 30 ms 5 ms

SSTV Modes Mode

Martin M1 M2 M3 M4 Scottie S1 S2 S3 S4 Robot B/W Mode SC-SC-SC-Wraase SC-SC-SC-SC-SC-SC-SC-2 180
RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB B/W B/W B/W B/W B/W B/W B/W RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB

Time [s]

120 180
Resolution [Pixel x Line]
320 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 256

a a b b

Notes: * a b c d
Not implemented Top 16 lines gray scale Top 8 lines gray scale Similar to original SSTV No horizontal sync (start of a new line)

STANAG-4285

190 Transmission Modes
Frequency range Operation modes Modulation Center frequency Symbol rate Receiver settings Input format(s)
HF Broadcast/Simplex FEC 8-PSK 1800 Hz 2400 Bd DATA, CW, LSB or USB AF, IF
STANAG-4285 is specified by the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization in "Characteristics of 1200 / 2400 / 3600 Bits per Second Single Tone Modulators / Demodulators for HF Radio Links" (16. February 1989). The modulation technique used in this mode consists of phase shift keying (8-PSK) of a single tone subcarrier of 1800 Hz. The modulation speed (symbol rate) is always 2400 Bd. Using different M-PSK modulations and FEC (Forward Error Correction) coding rates, serial binary user information (raw data) accepted at the line side input can be transmitted at different user data rates. STANAG 4285 single tone waveform has the following characteristics which may be selected from Options |Frame Format.: Baud Rate
3 (8-PSK) 2 (QPSK) 1 (BPSK) 1 (BPSK) 1 (BPSK) 1 (BPSK) 3 (8-PSK) 2 (QPSK) 1 (BPSK)
2/3 1/2 1/2 1/4 1// 16 No coding No coding No coding
No. of unknown 8-phase symbols (User Data)
No. of known 8phase symbols (Channel Probe)
SHORT or LONG SHORT or LONG SHORT or LONG SHORT or LONG SHORT or LONG SHORT or LONG ZERO ZERO ZERO

STANAG-4481-FSK

Frequency range Operation modes Modulation Baud rate Receiver settings Signal source(s)
HF Broadcast/Simplex FEC FSK 75, 100, 150, 300, 600 Bd Data, CW, USB, LSB AF, IF
STANAG-4481 is a synchronous FSK mode, which uses KG-84 encryption for communication. It is commonly found in the HF band. A number of communication parameter settings are possible, but 75 Bd and a shift of 850 Hz are widely used. The KG-84 bit stream contains a 64 bits long header followed by two 256 bit message blocks in turn followed by encrypted data terminated by an End-Of-Message. Hence synchronization can only be achieved at the start of transmission using the KG-84 header.

Transmission Modes 193

The length of a message is variable. Messages are usually sent consecutively with a short idle sequence between each message.

STANAG-4481-PSK

HF Broadcast/Simplex FEC BPSK 2400 Bd Data, CW, USB, LSB AF, IF
This STANAG mode is specified by the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization as a "Minimum technical equipment standards for naval HF shore-to-ship broadcast system". The modulation technique used in this mode is based on the operating conditions encountered by naval broadcasts. The technology utilizes binary phase shift keying (BPSK) of a single tone 1800 Hz sub-carrier with a constant modulation speed of 2400 Bd. Through the use of BPSK modulation and a FEC coding rate of 1/4, the effective user data rate is 300 bps. Baud Rate

Bits per symbol (M-PSK)

1 (BPSK)
The user data is transmitted using a continuous frame structure with 213.33 ms per frame. Each frame starts with a preamble containing 80 symbols. The following 176 symbols are divided into four 32-symbol data segments and three 16-symbol channel probe segments. The 176-symbol data-probe segment immediately follows the next frame, beginning with the same 80symbol preamble. This repeated frame structure enables synchronization of the demodulator at any time of transmission.

236 SAT System (Optional)
Allows messages to be exchanged between a mobile station and a user connected to the fixed network (telex, modem connection, X.25 or Internet email). Only messages that are received completely error-free are forwarded to the destination. Distress calls Distress calls are sent from a mobile (only maritime) to a LES. Distress priority messages may be sent in both directions. Maritime SAT-C forms part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). Enhanced Group Calls (EGC) A broadcast service which may be addressed to individual units as well as groups, either geographical or logical. Two EGC services are available: Fleet NET for commercial traffic and Safety NET for maritime safety traffic, e.g. navigational warnings, weather forecasts or distress call relays. EGC traffic is transmitted on the NCS Common Channel. Data reporting Lets MES send short data reports such as position information, sensor data etc. which are transmitted via the MES Signaling Channel. Two types of data reporting are supported: reserved and unreserved. Reserved access is controlled from the LES by poll messages which contain instructions on starting time and duration of the reporting and also the type of data report required. A poll message may be interpreted as a programming macro by the MES. Unreserved access is initiated by the MES itself. Polling Used by base stations to initiate transmissions from a MES of text messages or data reports. Polls may be directed to individual stations, to groups or to geographical areas. VMS (Vessel Monitoring Systems) and SSAS (Ship Security and Alarm Systems) The C system is also used for the VMS operated by many states for fisheries control and the mandatory SSAS used for pirate and terror alerts. Operation A NCS controls each active satellite and the network within the satellite coverage area. Whenever a mobile enters or leaves an ocean region it has to register with the NCS using the MES Signaling Channel. The NCS updates its tables accordingly and informs the other NCSs and LESs within its region. These stations also keep updated tables of MES status. A NCS Common Channel TDM is transmitted by each NCS - when idle, a MES is always tuned to this channel. A Common Channel frame always has a bulletin board as the first information. This board contains network information for all LES capabilities, channel information and other system information. Each LES has at least one TDM assigned to it. The assignment may be permanent or on a demand basis. A LES having a message for a mobile unit advises the NCS, which transmits a call announcement packet on the Common Channel containing the ids of the MES and LES, which LES TDM will be used, call direction and priority. The MES retunes to the assigned LES TDM. The LES TDM also carries a bulletin board with information on which MES Signaling Channel slots are free. The MES finds a free slot and transmits a call announcement response on a MES Signaling Channel. It then returns to the LES TDM. The LES then transmits a channel assignment packet containing message length information, time slot number (Logical Channel Number, LCN) and local routing information. The succeeding message packets are all labeled with the LCN and have also a sequence number and a check sum. The MES must send an assignment acknowledgement packet before message transfer is initiated. The last LES packet is a request for acknowledgement. The MES acknowledge packet will contain a list of packets received in error and the LES will retransmit these packets until all packets have been received by the MES. Then the LES releases the LCN and the MES reverts to idle state. Message transfer from a mobile station to a LES is initiated by the MES finding the LES TDM frequency information in the NCS bulletin board. It then retunes to this TDM and synchronizes to the TDM frame. The MES finds a free signaling channel slot by reading the LES TDM bulletin board information and transmits an assignment request to the LES. The LES informs the NCS that the MES is busy. It then sends an assignment packet to the MES containing, message channel frequency, slot number and LCN. The MES retunes and starts transmitting its message. SAT-C is mainly used in maritime communications, but is also widely used for long distance truck fleet management where the trucks are polled and then return position information from a GPS receiver. The system also finds its use in the remote control of pumping stations or remote data acquisition.

250 Additional Functions

In order to activate the application, a software protection device must be connected to the computer. The device is called a CmStick and is available as: A small USB device A PC Card (CmCard/M, Cardbus, 32 Bit) An Express Card|34 (CmCard/E) Without the appropriate valid licenses installed on the CmStick, W-CODE and its options will be disabled.
After the installation of the software on the computer, the
icon will be presented in the tray icon area.
Note: When a CmStick is plugged into an USB socket of a LCD monitor, the CmStick will not be detected by the software protection server if the monitor is switched off.
You can find more information regarding the CodeMeter and CmStick in the related help file.
CodeMeter and CmStick User Guide (Help)
Important: For current and detailed information consult the CodeMeter help files.
For help, click the CodeMeter Icon.
Select Help from the menu Now you see the CodeMeter help screen.
License update for CodeMeter and CmStick
New licenses can be loaded to the CmStick without sending the key to WAVECOM. Just click License Update on the CodeMeter Control Center and follow the information provided by the assistant.

Additional Functions 251

MEDAV Dongle and License File
If you work with the MEDAV options, please consult a WAVECOM manual that was released prior to version 6.8.1.

WAVECOM Server

The WAVECOM Server and the WAVECOM Server Control applications are used to setup and monitor the connections between decoder cards (clients) and the server. The server is responsible for managing the decoders connected to the computer, as well as all the connections made to that decoder. The WAVECOM Server is started by the GUI for a local connection (GUI and card on the same host) or by the Server Control for a remote connection. The WAVECOM Server is started as a Service. When the server has been started a traffic light icon is displayed in the Windows System Tray. Rightclicking the icon displays a menu:
If the server is stopped, you CANNOT restart it using Restart. You must click Exit, and then go to Start | Programs | WAVECOM | WXXX | WavecomServerControl to restart the server.

WAVECOM Server Control

After restart of the server, the WAVECOM Server Control screen is displayed.

252 Additional Functions

Card Information
Card information is available from the Card Information tab: Card names Number of connections to the card, including local and remote connections Device name Card serial number

Setting Up Card Names

262 WAVECOM Data Formats

DEFINITION OF CHUNKS
Single channel Short IQ time data SSIQ chunk
Data is assumed to be continuous when using this data format, if the data is blocky, an IQDC chunk must be sent after every block of continuous data. Element

lTimestamp

The timestamp is stored as a 64 bit signed number, representative of the time of capture of the first sample in the chunk block, in microsecond resolution. It is stored as the number of microseconds since beginning of the epoch (i.e. 1st January 1970 midnight). IQ pairs of signed int16 short numbers. Note that regardless of the number of valid bits, the most significant bits in each short should be used. This allows us to specify the full-scale level without needing to specify the number of bits.

awIQData

int16 [length of IQ data array]
Single channel IQ Packing SIQP chunk
The information in this chunk is required to parse the data in the SSIQ chunk. Element

iIsIQPacked

Value 1 for IQ ordering and value 0 for QI ordering. For example: a value of 1 will indicate that the first sample in the element awIQData of a SSIQ chunk is an I sample.

Sample Rate SR__ chunk

Element

lSampleRate_uHz

The number of samples per second that are being recorded by this channel

BandWidth BW__ chunk

The bandwidth centred about the centre frequency. If the bandwidth is not centred about the centre frequency use the BWOF chunk instead. Element

lBandwidth_uHz

The bandwidth of the signal in micro Hertz
Centre Frequency CF__ chunk

lCentrFrequency_uHz

The centre frequency of the signal in micro Hertz

dB Full Scale dBFS chunk

fFullScaleLevel_dBm

float32

The analogue input level to the ADC in dBm, which will produce maximum full scale digital samples for the current IQ time data chunk integer type. eg. If we are using SSIQ chunks, then a dBFS chunk will indicate the analogue input level that will yield a maximum digital sample swing of +-(2^15-1). Note that this value may be different from the full scale value of the ADC.

Indian Ocean Region

Keyboard shortcuts
The keystroke combinations that you can use to choose menu options instead of using the mouse.

Local Area Network

Land Earth Station

Low Noise Amplifier

A section of a program that executes repeatedly until a limit or condition is met, such as a variable reaching a specified ending value.

Application

Voltage to signal ground Conventional term Binary digit value Timing signal state FSK signal state

Condition

Negative (-) MARK 1 Off Lower frequency
Positive (+) SPACE 0 On Higher frequency

MATLAB

MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. This collection includes the following topics.
A horizontal strip that appears at the top of the screen and contains menu pads.

288 Glossary of Terms

Menu name
A word, phrase or icon on the menu bar that designates one menu. Selecting the menu pad highlights the name and causes the menu options to appear.

Menu options

Commands, found on menus, that perform specific actions. When you choose a menu option, you are telling the program what action to take.

Menu pads

The menu names found on the menu bar.

Menu system

The combination of the menu bar, menu pads, menus and menu options.

Mobile Earth Station

Multi Frequency Shift Keying

Minimize

The act of causing a window to become an icon that includes the title of the window.
Describes the state of a window or dialogue when it does not allow another window or dialogue to be brought in front of it until that window or dialogue is dismissed, for example, the Expression Builder dialogue.
Mobile Packet Data System

Not Available.

Network Control Station Channel

NCSC-Auto

Network
A collection of interconnected, individually controlled computers, together with the hardware and software used to connect them. A network allows users to share data and peripheral devices (such as printers and storage media), to exchange electronic mail, etc.

Non-modal

A window or dialogue that allows another window or dialogue in front of it while it is open, for example, the Command window. Glossary of Terms 289

On-line help

A reference guide, accessible while using the software, that provides additional information about commands, functions, and the interface.