Waves SSL 4000 Collection
SSL 4000 E-Channel SSL 4000 G-Channel

1. Introduction

The unique sound of Solid State Logics 4000 Series analogue mixing consoles is sought after worldwide. Engineers of pop and rock music, broadcast transmissions and television postproduction value the SSL 4000s flexible dynamics chain as much as the trademark SSL punchy sound. Waves and SSL engineers have worked together for over a year to recreate the sound characteristics of the classic SSL 4000 Series E and Series G consoles. Now, those who mix in the box can achieve the sound they thought theyd lost when they moved to the digital world. The SL4000 console was the first mixing desk to incorporate dynamics processing into every channel, as well as a master bus compressor in the consoles center section. The ability to 'patch' into the SL4000's master bus compressor and to control its sidechain from an internal sub-mix allowed sound engineers to discover unique, history-making applications of this console technology. Whether used to record instruments such as piano and drums or for final mixing, these innovative console sections - master bus compressor, EQ and dynamics - opened up a
new world of opportunities. For years, workstation users have sought this unusual flexibility and signature sound. But conventional dynamics and EQ plug-ins couldnt produce the unique SSL color. The Waves SSL 4000 Collection is the result of a partnership between Waves Audio and Solid State Logic. These processors faithfully recreate the same EQ and dynamics characteristics which made legendary the SL4000 consoles. Plus, the interface accurately reflects the classic SSL console. Couple all of this with state-of-the art Waves software and you suddenly find yourself working with the same tools that have provided countless hit mixes for the world's best audio engineers.
The Waves SSL 4000 Collection consists of three separate sections: The SSL E-Channel/ G-Channel The SSL 4000 G-Master Bus Compressor The SSL G-Equalizer
2. Description of the SSL 4000 E-Channel/ G-Channel plug-in

SSL E-Channel

The Waves SSL E-Channel is modeled after the SL4000 E Series console, combining the dynamics section of the SL4000 channel strip with the Black Knob 242 EQ. The only obvious change from the hardware original is that the EQ and Dynamics sections are side-by-side rather than inline, to better conform to computer screens.

SSL G-Channel

The Waves SSL G-Channel is modeled after the SL4000 G Series console, combining the dynamics section of the SL4000 channel strip with the 383 G EQ. The only obvious change from the hardware original is that the EQ and Dynamics sections are side-by-side rather than inline, to better conform to computer screens.

Dynamics Section

The dynamics section consists of a soft-knee compressor/limiter and an expander/gate. Dynamics can be switched to pre-equalizer (default) or post-equalizer (CH OUT.) Although the same gain change circuitry is used for both the compressor/limiter and the expander/gate, two dedicated level indicators illustrate activity for each device. Automatic gain make-up, calculated from the Ratio and Threshold settings, is applied by the compressor to maintain a steady output level. The default compressor attack time is program sensitive, responding to the audio materials wavefront. The dynamics sections threshold circuitry uses variable hysteresis, which allows the signal to decay below its opening level. (Hysteresis is the lag between making a change in input, such as increasing or decreasing power, and the response or effect of that change. Thus, the thresholds variable hysteresis circuitry allows for program-dependent dynamic processing.)

Equalizer Section

The equalizer is a four-band device which can be routed to the processors output or to the dynamics sections sidechain. Q can be adjusted in the LMF and HMF ranges. At the top of the
section is the High Pass (18 dB/octave) filter and the Low Pass (12 dB/octave) filter. Normally, low pass and high pass filters follow the same path as the entire EQ section. However, when SPLIT is selected, the low pass and high pass filters are placed before the dynamics processors in the chain. The equalizer can be switched into the dynamics sidechain to afford simple deessing and other frequency-controlled dynamics processing by selecting DYN S-C at the foot of the section. In the E-Channel LF and HF shelves can be reshaped to bell curves by pressing BELL. The Q of the LF and HF bells are calculated based on frequency settings and are not user-definable. In the G-Channel Lf and HF are fixed shelfs, the LMF /3 will devide the LMF frequency by 3, and the HMFx3 will Multiply the HMF frequency by three. SSL Channel Latency The channel strip has a latency of one sample.

Routing in SSL Channel

3. SSL 4000 Channel Controls and Indicators
Dynamics Sections Controls (top to bottom) 1. Compressor (white knobs) a. The compressors Ratio/Slope can be set from 1 to infinity (limiter). b. The Threshold is variably adjustable from +10 dB to -20 dB. c. When the Attack time switch is set to Slow (F.ATK off,) attack time is autosensing and program dependent. In the Fast setting (F.ATK,) attack time will be forced to 1 ms. d. Release time is adjustable from 0.1 sec to 4 seconds. 2. Expander/Gate (green knobs) a. The expanders Threshold is variable from -30 dB to +10 dB b. Range is variable from dB. c. When the Attack time switch is set to Slow (F.ATK off,) attack time is autosensing and program dependent. In the Fast setting (F.ATK,) attack time is 1 ms. d. Release time is adjustable from 0.1 sec to 4 seconds. e. The GATE switch toggles the section from an expander (default mode) into a gate.
3. Dynamics to (DYN TO)switches a. BYPASS will bypass the entire dynamics section. Note that selecting BYPASS does not result in a signal which is flat, but rather one which mimics the flat response of the SSL channel strip hardware. b. CH OUT moves the dynamics to the output of the E-Channel, making it post-EQ.
SSL E EQ Section Controls (top to bottom) 1. Low and High Pass filters (white knobs): Low pass: 18 dB/octave, 15 Hz 350 Hz (-3 dB point) High pass: 12 dB/octave, 3 kHz 20 kHz (-3 dB point) Turning the knob completely to the left bypasses the filter. When SPLIT is selected, the low pass and high pass filters are placed before the dynamics processors in the chain. 2. High frequency EQ section (red knobs): Range 1.5 kHz 16 kHz. Gain range is 18 dB for bell shape, 16.5 dB for shelving. Selecting BELL changes the HF EQ from shelf to bell shape. 3. High medium frequency EQ section (green knobs): Range 600 Hz 7 kHz. As in the LMF EQ section, Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 18 dB when Q is set at 3.5 to 15 dB when Q is set at 0.1. 4. Low medium frequency EQ section (blue knobs): Range 200 Hz 2.5 kHz. Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 18 dB when Q is set at 3.5 to 15 dB when Q is set at 0.1. 5. Low frequency EQ section (black knobs): Range 30 Hz 450 Hz. Gain range 16.5 dB, shelving, 18 dB, bell shape. SSL G EQ Section Controls (top to bottom) 1. Low and High Pass filters (white knobs): Low pass: 18 dB/octave, 15 Hz 350 Hz (-3 dB point) High pass: 12 dB/octave, 3 kHz 20 kHz (-3 dB point) Turning the knob completely to the left bypasses the filter. When SPLIT is selected, the low pass and high pass filters are placed before the dynamics processors in the chain. 2. High frequency EQ section (red knobs): Range 1.5 kHz 16 kHz. Gain range is 17 dB shelving. 3. High medium frequency EQ section (green knobs): Range 600 Hz 7 kHz. As in the LMF EQ section, Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 18 dB when Q is set at 3.5 to 15 dB when Q is set at 0.1. Pushing the HMF X3 will multiply the frequency by 3. 4. Low medium frequency EQ section (blue knobs): Range 200 Hz 2.5 kHz. Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 18 dB when Q is set at 3.5 to 15 dB when Q is set at 0.1. Pushing the LMF /3 will divide the frequency by 3. 5. Low frequency EQ section (black knobs): Range 30 Hz 450 Hz. Gain range 17 dB, shelving. 6. EQ TO switches a. BYPASS This button bypasses the EQ section. Note that selecting BYPASS does not result in a signal which is flat, but rather one which mimics the flat response of the SSL channel strip hardware. b. DYN S-C The filters can be switched into the dynamics sidechain to afford simple de-essing, etc. by selecting DYN S-C.

Master Section Controls and Indicators On the bottom right of the SSL Channel Strip are the master gain controls and level indicator. 1. Level Indicator Levels are expressed in dBFS, although all parameters are expressed as dBu. 2. INPUT and OUTPUT switches above the meter allow you to toggle the level indicator between input and output. 3. An Input Trim Button enables you to trim the input to the channel by 18db. The plug-in is aligned so that -18 dBFS = 0. 4. The Output Fader controls the output level of the processor. 5. Analogue on/off. Classic analogue processors necessarily create more noise and harmonic distortions than modern digital devices. This is, in part, what gives analogue processors their desired sound. By default, all components of the SSL 4000 Collection operate in a mode which enables emulation of the SSL analogue console. However, there may be times when you prefer to use this plug-in without these special attributes. Switching off Analogue disables analogue emulation. 6. Phase Reverse () This button reverses the phase of the input signal.

4. The Waves System Bar

All Waves plug-ins share a common feature, the Waves System Bar, which takes care of most administrative functions you will encounter while working with Waves plug-ins. Since the Waves System Bar is the same on practically all Waves plug-ins, you will always know how to file, compare, load and copy the parameters of a Waves plug-in, even if you have never before worked with that particular processor. Commands common to all Waves plug-ins: Undo undoes the last performed action. Redo redoes the last undone action. There are 6 levels of undo and redo. Setup A/B toggles between two sets of parameters within the same processor useful when comparing different parameter settings in order to achieve optimal results. Copy A->B copies the current settings to the second setup register. Save used for saving presets in the Waves file format (.xps) There are two options for saving: Save to new file: creates a new.xps file wherein multiple presets can be saved. Save into preset menu: saves the preset into the default list of the plug-in. Load allows recalling presets from files. Once a file is selected, its first preset will load and become active. Other presets in the file will be listed under the presets name in the Load menu. You can also load factory presets and user presets (saved using Save into preset menu.) Pressing the ? button will open the manual for the plug-in you are using.

Waves SSL 4000 Collection
By Glenn Bucci | May, 2006 Glenn Bucci puts the software back to back against the hardware? Whatd he find? Wed thought youd never ask! Waves announces a new collection of plug-ins that model the character of the SL 4000 factory consoles? Oh yeah. and on their web site it states they spent over a year comparing the sonic character of their plug-ins with the hardware version because it was cleared under the license they received from Solid Stage Logic. Waves claims the plug-ins sound virtually identical to their hardware counterparts. Well, well be the judges of that. The Waves SSL 4000 Collection includes three-modeled plug-ins: the SSL E-Channel, the SSL G-Master Buss Compressor, and the SSL G-Equalizer. Included with the software is a PDF manual that explains each of the plug-ins in a clear and well-written format. Also included is an article from the legendary engineer Bob Katz on mastering. This gives the impression that not only could these plug-ins be used during mixing, but also during the mastering stage. I found Bobs article very helpful for some basic concepts about mastering. However, if you plan to use the plug-ins for mastering, I recommend reading Bobs book on the subject (Master Audio: The Art and the Science) for a more in depth explanation on EQ and compression. Graphically, all three plug-ins are very pleasing to look at, and are of a good size. Each knob has numerical indicators on them to match the look of a SSL mixer. However, when you put a mouse over a knob a small box appears below and gives you a digital number when you increase or decrease the value. You can move from 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 with a mouse pretty easily. Installing them on my PC in conjunction with Cubase SX 3 was pretty easy. However you have to have an ilock for Waves software now. Many have complained about this, but other companies such as Steinberg are also taking that route to reduce piracy. I needed a little direction to get things going, but Waves tech support is first rate, and I was running the software within minutes. Like all Waves plug-ins, there is the Waves System Bar. These commands include Undo, Redo, Setup A/B, Copy A/B, and save. By pressing the ? button, it will open the manual for the plug-in you are using. In using it in Nuendo/Cubase as a VST, it also includes the read and write buttons for automation, as well as the bypass button. SSL G-Master Buss Compressor Waves confirmed that this compressor is different than the one on the E-Channel strip. The compressor on the channel strip is intended for the mixing stage with different instruments and voices. The G-Master Buss is more for mastering or could be used nicely on a group channel. The plug-in has the following specs: Threshold sets the operating level for the knee of the compressor. Threshold is continuously adjustable from 15dB to +15dB. Make Up Gain compensates for a change of signal level due to compressor activity. Continuously variable from 5dB to +15dB. Attack controls the quickness of the compressor to respond to changes. Six switchable attack rates: 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30ms.
Release time of the master compressor is switchable between 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 seconds or to automatic. Ratio sets the ratio of signal level to signal gain, i.e., the compression ratio. Ratio can be switched between 2:1, 4:1, and 10:1. Rate-S sets the autofade duration, from 1 to 60 seconds. Analog. By default, all components of the SSL 4000 Collection operate in analog modeling mode. De-selecting Analog disables analog emulation. In serves as a bypass button. When In is selected, the compressor is active. I ran many different styles of mixes through the compressor, and found it could handle many types of music. The SSL G-Master Buss Compressor can make mixes louder without adding unpleasant artifacts to the music. By clicking the load button, there is a preset for mastering that put the ratio on 4, which is kind of high at the mastering stage. For most mastering situations, many would prefer to use the ratio setting at 2. Using this compressor is pretty straight forward, and getting good results was easy. I found the auto release did a good job on all the mixes I ran though it. This compressor was very effective in blending the music together, while taking the edge off the transients. You can control more or less compression while still maintaining a good sound with its soft knee slope. The ratio setting at 2 is gentle on your mixes while still helping to gel the music. With the ratio set to 4, it affects the mix more, but as long as your threshold is set properly you can get good results. I would use the 10 ratio for limiting, or if for some reason you wanted to squash the dynamics of a song as an effect. Though the ratio settings are limited to only three settings, one of them would be able to meet the needs of most mixes. I found myself preferring the analog button on every mix. It seemed to add a very gentle color that was more pleasant to the ear. With it off, the mixes sounded a little on the sterile side. The analog button is included with all three plug-ins reviewed here. They add harmonic distortions, which gives a little more of an analog sound that many love. These are also included by default, with the real SSL as well. Lastly, there is a Fade button that allows you to fade in or fade out on a song. Above the button is a Rate-S control, which affects how slow or fast you want the fade to act. I was very impressed with how this control worked and I would not hesitate to use it even with automation controls on a DAW. Though you get more control by a manual fade, this Fade control can do it much more smoothly than a jerking hand on a fader. G-EQ High-Pass Filter (white knobs): 18dB/octave, 16Hz350Hz. Filter on/off switch. Low-Frequency EQ (black knobs): Shelving. Range 30Hz450Hz. Gain range 17dB. Low-Medium Frequency EQ (blue knobs): Range 200Hz2.5kHz. Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 20dB when Q is set to 3.5 to 15dB when Q is set to 0.1. The 3 button divides the selected frequency by three. High-Medium Frequency EQ (green knobs): Range 600Hz7kHz. As in the LMF EQ section, Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 20dB when Q is set to 3.5 to 15dB when Q is set to 0.1. The x3 button allows you to multiply the selected frequency by three. The 3

button divides the selected frequency by three (e.g., if you have selected a center frequency of 300Hz, pressing the 3 button will result in a frequency of 100Hz.) High-Pass Filter (white knobs): 18dB/octave, 16Hz350Hz. Filter on/off switch. Low-Frequency EQ (black knobs): Shelving. Range 30Hz450Hz. Gain range 17dB. Low-Medium Frequency EQ (blue knobs): Range 200Hz2.5kHz. Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 20dB when Q is set to 3.5 to 15dB when Q is set to 0.1. The 3 button divides the selected frequency by three. High-Medium Frequency EQ (green knobs): Range 600Hz7kHz. As in the LMF EQ section, Q is continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 20dB when Q is set to 3.5 to 15dB when Q is set to 0.1. The x3 button allows you to multiply the selected frequency by three. High-Frequency EQ (purple knobs): Range 1.5kHz16kHz. Gain range 17dB, shelving. EQ In bypasses the EQ section but leaves the filter in if engaged. Phase Reverse reverses the phase of the input signal. Master Output fader controls overall output of the processor. Trim button (12.0) indicates how much headroom remains before digital clipping This is the same sounding EQ in the E channel strip however there are some differences. The SSL G-Equalizer lets you create a more extreme EQ than the E-Channel EQ. However, the EChannel EQ allows for a narrower Q over the SSL G-Equalizer. Waves advised that the G-EQ offers marginally greater gain change than the E-Series EQ, and each EQ offers a slightly different equalization curve. It was recommended to experiment with each equalizer to discover which best suits your specific needs. I found the G-EQ has a gentle character to it, and only 13db is needed to correct or get the sound youre looking for. If you boost it too much, you will get unpleasant results. The character of the EQ is somewhere between the Waves Linear EQ and the more colorful Renaissance EQ, I found The G-EQ to be very useable on every application I tried it on. SSL E-Channel This channel strip is spread out and every control easy to see compared to the Waves Renaissance Channel. My suggestion to Waves is to make the Renaissance Channel screen larger like they did with this plug-in. The specifications on the E-Channel strip are the following; Equalization Low-Pass Filter: 18dB/octave slope, adjustable from 20kHz to 3kHz. High-Pass Filter: 18dB/octave slope, adjustable from15Hz to 350Hz. High (HF): Choose from shelf (16.5dB/octave boost or cut) or bell shape (18dB/octave boost or cut with a fixed Q of 2.5). Range is from 1.5kHz to 16kHz.

High-Mid (HMF): Range is from 600Hz7kHz, with an adjustable Q from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 15dB when Q is set to 0.1 to 18dB when Q is set to 3.5. Low-Mid (LMF): Range is from 200Hz2.5kHz, with an adjustable Q from 0.1 to 3.5. Gain varies from 15dB when Q is set to 0.5 to 18dB when Q is set to 3.0. Low (LF): Choose from shelf (16.5dB/octave boost or cut) or bell shape (18dB/octave boost or cut with a fixed Q of 2.5). Range is from 30Hz to 400Hz. Compressor/Limiter Ratio/Slope: Variable from 1 to infinity (limiting). Threshold: Variable from +10dB to 20dB. Attack: Normally auto-sensing (slow), switchable to 1ms (fast). Release: Variable from 0.1 to 4 seconds. Expander/Gate Range: Variable from 0 to 40dB. Threshold: Variable from 30dB to +10dB Attack: Normally auto-sensing (slow), switchable to 1ms (fast). Release: Variable from 0.1 to 4 seconds. Gate: Toggles from Expander function (default) to Gate function. Waves advised the dynamics section consists of a soft-knee compressor/limiter with an expander/gate. There is automatic gain make-up, which is calculated based on the Ratio and Threshold settings. This assists in having a steady output level. The attack time is program sensitive, and response to the signal that is being fed into it as well. The threshold allows the signal to decay below its opening level. The dynamics can be switched from pre EQ (default) to post EQ by clicking on the CH Out button. The EQ is a four-band system that allows the Q to be changed in the high-mid and low-mid section. Theres also a high-pass filter (18dB octave) and low-pass filter (12dB octave). The equalizer can be switched into the dynamics side chain by selecting the DYN S-C button. What was said about the G-EQ in regards to sound and workflow is very similar with the E-EQ. Once again, I found this to be a very useable EQ. In running a bass guitar through, it was easy to get good results quickly. The compressor was able to soften the transients while still maintaining the fullness of the original bass sound. In reducing the ratio and increasing the output, I was able to get a similar sound my UAD 1176. I found the UAD to be a little punchier in comparison, but both did a good job. There was a little amp noise that became more dominant as I increased the gain control. However, the EQ was very effective in eliminating it without affecting the sound of the bass with a narrow band setting. You are able to alter the high and low bands from a bell to shelf slope.
On a main vocal, I found the compressor did a good job in evening it out. Not as smooth sounding as the UAD LA2, but in different situations the SSL compressor could be a better choice. The EQ worked great with reducing the mids and gently adding a little more in the high freqs. The little color added was pleasant. Once again, I prefer to leave the analog button turned on. I was also able to use the gate in removing background noises very effectively and smoothly. I was advised that the plug-in does not have a look ahead capability but has a very fast RMS detector, which handled many situations from putting it with a reverb for snare drum, to getting rid of unwanted background noises. On acoustic guitar, I was able to shape the sound very effectively with the EQ and give it a little more punch in the mix with this channel strip. I did have some questions that the manual was not able to answer, and Mike Fraid, who is the Product Manager of the Waves SSL 4000 Collection, helped clarify my inquiries. What type of technology was used to get the sounds of the SSL? Mike Fraid: I cannot reveal this. What I can tell you is that, in order to get the best sound match on the model, we spent months measuring any possible behavior of the analog hardware, and then slowly modeled every piece of the puzzle until the picture was just right. It took us a year of very intensive work, but I think it was worth it. I think what makes these plug-ins sound so great is the fact that we didnt compromise on anything sound-wise. We improved the sound and insisted on holding back the release of the product until we approved the sound quality. It had to be practically the same as the hardware unit. We even got a cancellation of 30dB between the real hardware and the plug-in. This is something that I think you cant get from two hardware units. When we sent it over to SSL for evaluation they were amazed by the resemblance to the hardware units. Is this a modeling or convolution type of process? MF: This is a straightforward modeling type of processor. No convolution is involved in this modeling. Is there anything that you added or that is different from the real SSL equipment besides the Waves systems bar? MF: The only things we added were some conventional features to Waves plug-in, like a precise digital metering. You cant have that in the analog domain. We also added the trimming option on the SSL G-EQ. Additionally, we added the option to turn off the analog behavior something you cant do on the analog unit. OK, now what kind of slope is used for the fader out? MF: The slope is kind of an s-shape slope, but it is very unique in design. Toward the end of the fade, there will be a slight sustain before fading out completely. It took us about a month to model the exact curve of the Buss compressor fade. I was able to borrow an SSL XLogic Super analog Channel strip for a comparison to the Waves SSL plug-ins. Though the analog piece of gear went through an Apogee converter at 88, which the plug-in did not, I found the character of the EQ and compressor to be very close to the hardware version. Technology on modeling hardware is definitely getting much better compared to just a couple of years ago. In regards to CPU usage, thankfully Waves was able to keep the CPU usage down. I found these plug-ins used about the same amount of processing as my Waves Renaissance plug-ins, which is quite reasonable.

A ballpark price for the Native plug-ins is around $800 and TDM $1,600. I found myself pretty impressed with the sound of these plug-ins regardless of them having the SSL name on them. However, knowing that you have plug-ins that give you a very close sound to the high end SSL EQ and compressors does make one feel good since most of us cannot afford an SSL mixer. If you are looking for some good plug-ins that offer a channel strip, nice EQ, and a mastering compressor, the Waves 4000 SSL collection fits the bill nicely.