Related ARRL Publications and Products:
The 1998 ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateurs has a chapter on test equipment and measurements. The book is available for $32.00 plus $6 shipping and handling. The Handbook is also now available in a convenient, easy to use CD-ROM format. In addition to the complete Handbook text and graphics, the CD-ROM includes a search engine, audio clips, zooming controls, bookmarks and clipboard support. The cost is $49.95 plus $4.00 shipping and handling. You can order both versions of the Handbook from our Web page, or contact the ARRL Publications Sales Department at 888-277-289 (toll free). It is also widely stocked by radio and electronic dealers and a few large bookstores. The ARRL Technical Information Service has prepared an information package that discusses Product Review testing and the features of various types of equipment. Request the "What is the Best Rig To Buy" package from the ARRL Technical Department Secretary. The cost is $2.00 for ARRL Members, $4.00 for non-Members, postpaid. Many QST "Product Reviews" have been reprinted in three ARRL publications: The ARRL Radio Buyers Sourcebook (order #3452) covers selected Product Reviews from 1970 to 1990. The cost is $15.00 plus $4.00 shipping and handling. The ARRL Radio Buyers Sourcebook Volume II (order #4211) contains reprints of all of the Product Reviews from 1991 and 1992. The cost is $15.00 plus $4.00 shipping and handling. The VHF/UHF Radio Buyers Sourcebook (order #6184) contains nearly 100 reviews of transceivers, antennas, amplifiers and accessories for VHF and above. You can order these books from our Web page or contact the ARRL Publications Sales Department to order a copy.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 3
QST is now available on CD ROM! The 1995 ARRL Periodicals CD ROM (order #5579) and the 1996 ARRL Periodicals CD ROM (order #6109) contain a complete copy of all articles from a years worth of QST, the National Contest Journal and QEX, ARRL's experimenter's magazine. It is available for $19.95 plus $4.00 for shipping and handling. Contact the ARRL Publications Sales Department to order a copy. Older issues of QST are also available: QST View CD-ROMs come in sets covering several years each - QST View 1990-1994 (order #5749), QST View 1985-1989 (order #5757), QST View 1980-1984 (order #5765), QSTView 1975-1979 (order #5773), QSTView 1970-1974 (order #5781), QSTView 1965-1969 (order #6451), QSTView 1960-1964 (order #6443) and QSTView 1950-1959 (order #6435). The price for each set is $39.95. Shipping and handling for all ARRL CD ROM products is $4.00 for the first one order ed, $1.00 for each additional set ordered at the same time.

Additional test result reports are available for:

Manufacturer Model Issue

Alpha Power Amewritron ICOM
JRC Kenwood QRO Ten-Tec Yaesu
91 AL-800H IC-706 IC-756 IC-775DSP IC-821H NRD-535 TS-570D TS-870S HF-2500DX Centaur Omni VI + FT-920 FT-1000MP
Sep 97 Sep 97 Mar 96 May 97 Jan 96 Mar 97 May 97 Jan 97 Feb96 Sep 97 Jun 97 Nov 97 Oct 97 Apr 96
The cost is $7.50 for ARRL Members, $12.50 for non-Members for each report, postpaid. ARRL Members can obtain any three reports for $20.00, postpaid.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 4
Transmitter Output Power:
Test description: One of the first things an amateur wants to know about a transmitter or receiver is its RF output power. The ARRL Lab measures the CW output power for every band on which a transmitter can operate. The unit is tested across the entire amateur band and the worst-case number for each band is reported. The equipment is also tested on one or more bands for any other mode of operation for which the transmitter is capable. Typically, the most popular band of operation for each mode is selected. Thus, on an HF transmitter, the SSB tests are done on 75 meters for lower sideband, 20 meters for upper sideband and AM tests are done on 75 meters, FM tests are done on 10 meters, etc. This test also compares the accuracy of the unit's internal output-power metering against the ARRL Laboratory's calibrated test equipment.
The purpose of the Transmitter Output-Power Test is to measure the DC current consumption at the manufacturer's specified DC-supply voltage, if applicable, and the RF output power of the unit under test across each band in each of its available modes. A two-tone audio input, at a level within the manufacturer's microphone-input specifications, is used for the SSB mode. No modulation is used in the AM and FM modes.
Many transmitters are derated from maximum output power on full-carrier AM and FM modes. In most cases, a 100-watt CW/SSB transmitter may be rated at 25 watts carrier power on AM. The radio may actually deliver 100 watts PEP in AM or FM but is not specified to deliver that power level for any period of time. In these cases, the published test-result table will list the AM or FM power as being "as specified." In almost all cases, the linearity of a transmitter decreases as output power increases. A transmitter rated at 100 watts PEP on single sideband may actually be able to deliver more power, but as the power is increased beyond the rated RF output power, adjacent channel splatter (IMD) usually increases dramatically. If the ARRL Lab determines that a transmitter is capable of delivering its rated PEP SSB output, the test-result table lists the power as being "as specified." Key Test Conditions: Termination: 50 ohms resistive, or as specified by the manufacturer. Block Diagram:

AC ONLY

TWO-TONE AUDIO GENERATOR

PTT SWITCH TELEGRAPH KEY

CAUTION!: Power must only be applied to the attenuator input! Do not reverse input and output terminals of the Bird 8329. RF Power Attenuator & Dummy Load Bird 8329

DUT TRANSMITTER

100 WATTS TYPICAL
RF WATTMETER BIRD WATTS TYPICAL

POWER SUPPLY

DC ONLY
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 5
Transmitter Output Power Test Results:
Frequency Band 1.8 MHz 3.5 MHz 3.5 MHz 7 MHz 10.1 MHz 14 MHz 18 MHz 21 MHz 24 MHz 28 MHz 50 MHz Mode Unit Minimum Power (W) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Measured Minimum Power (W) 1.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Unit Maximum Power (W) "100" "100" N/A "100" "100" "100" "100" "100" "100" "100" "100" Measured Maximum Power (W) 99.6 102.3 103.4 104.0 104.9 105.2 106.4 105.5 106.6 103.6 Notes
CW CW AM CW CW CW CW CW CW CW CW
Notes: 1. Unit has an LCD bar scale with a only a few marked power levels. 2. Power output was verfied to meet the manufacturers spec on AM, FM and SSB, but was not recorded. 10. Temperature chamber test at -10 degrees Celsius. 11. Temperature chamber test at +60 degrees Celsius. 12. Output power test at 11.5 volts dc power supply (if applicable). 99. Temperature chamber tests and 11.5 volt tests are performed only for portable and mobile equipment.
Transverter Jack Output Power Test:
Test Description: This test measures the output power from the transverter jack (if applicable). This is usually somewhere near 0 dBm. The transverter-jack power usually varies from band to band. The 28-MHz band is the most common band for transverter operation. Most transverter outputs are between -10 dBm and +10 dBm. Test Results: Frequency 20 M 15 M 10 M

Output

Notes 1
Notes: 1. Unit does not have a transverter jack.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 6
Current Consumption Test: (DC-powered units only)
Test Description: Current consumption can be a important to the success of mobile and portable operation. While it is most important for QRP rigs, the ARRL Lab tests the current consumption of all equipment that can be operated from a battery or 12-14 vdc source. The equipment is tested in transmit at maximum output power. On receive, it is tested at maximum volume, with no input signal, using the receiver's broadband noise. Any display lights are turned on to maximum brightness, if applicable. This test is not performed on equipment that can be powered only from the ac mains. Current Consumption: Voltage Transmit Output Power Current 13.8 V 16 A 102.3 W

CAUTION!: Power must only be applied to the attenuator input! Do not reverse input and output terminals of the Bird 8329.
TELEGRAPH KEY POWER SOURCE
RF Power Attenuator & Dummy Load Bird 8329
10 dB STEP ATTENUATOR HP 355D
1 dB STEP ATTENUATOR HP 3555C

DO NOT EXCEED 0 dBm

SPECTRUM ANALYZER HP 8563E
Test Results - summary: Frequency 1.8 MHz 3.5 MHz 7 MHz 10.1 MHz 14 MHz 18 MHz 21 MHz 24 MHz 28 MHz 50 MHz Notes: Spurs (dBc) -53 dBc -65 -63 -55 -57 -57 -63 -62 -58 -63 Notes
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 8

Spectral-Purity Graphs:

Reference Level: 0 dBc

30 Frequency (MHz)

60 Frequency (MHz)
Yaesu FT-920 1.8 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 10.1 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 3.5 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 14.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 7.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 18.1 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 9

Frequency (MHz)

Yaesu FT-920 21.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 50.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 24.9 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 28.0 MHz Band, Spectral Purity, 100 W
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1996, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 10
Transmit Two-Tone IMD Test:
Test Description: Investigating the sidebands from a modulated transmitter requires a narrow-band spectrum analysis. In this test, a two-tone test signal is used to modulate the transmitter. The display shows the two test tones plus some of the IMD products produced by the SSB transmitter. In the ARRL Lab, a two-tone test signal with frequencies of 700 and 1900 Hz is used to modulate the transmitter. These frequencies were selected to be within the audio passband of the typical transmitter, resulting in a meaningful display of transmitter IMD. The intermodulation products appear on the spectral plot above and below the two tones. The lower the intermodulation products, the better the transmitter. In general, it is the products that are farthest removed from the two tones (typically > 3 kHz away) that cause the most problems. These can cause splatter up and down the band from strong signals. Key Test Conditions: Transmitter operated at rated output power. Audio tones and drive level adjusted for best performance. Audio tones 700 and 1900 Hz. Both audio tones adjusted for equal RF output. Level to spectrum analyzer, - 10 dBm nominal, -10 dBm maximum. Resolution bandwidth, 10 Hz Block Diagram:

Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 3.520 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W
Frequency Sweep: 2 to 22 kHz from Carrier
Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 50.020 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W
Reference Level: - 60 dBc/Hz Vertical Scale: dBc/Hz
Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 14.020 MHz, Phase Noise, 100 W
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 20
Receiver Noise Floor (Minimum Discernible Signal) Test:
Test Description: The noise floor of a receiver is the level of input signal that gives a desired audio output level that is equal to the noise output level. This is sometimes called "minimum discernible signal " (MDS), although a skilled operator can detect a signal up to 10 dB or so below the noise floor. Most modern receivers have a noise floor within a few dB of "perfect." A perfect receiver would hear only the noise of a resistor at room temperature. However, especially for HF receiving systems, the system noise is rarely determined by the receiver. In most cases, external noise is many dB higher than the receiver's internal noise. In this case, it is the external factors that determine the system noise performance. Making the receiver more sensitive will only allow it to hear more noise. It will also be more prone to overload. In many cases, especially in the lower HF bands, receiver performance can be improved by sacrificing unneeded sensitivity by placing an attenuator in front of the receiver. The more negative the sensitivity number expressed in dBm, or the smaller the number expressed in voltage, the better the receiver. Key Test Conditions: 50-ohm source impedance for generators.; Receiver audio output to be terminated with specified impedance. Receiver is tested using 500 Hz bandwidth, or closest available bandwidth to 500 Hz. Block Diagram:

HI-Z MONITOR AMP

RF SIGNAL GENERATOR MARCONI 2041
1 dB STEP ATTENUATOR HP 355C

DUT RECEIVER

AUDIO/ DISTORTION METER HP 339A
Noise Floor: Frequency 1.02 MHz 3.52 MHz 7.02 MHz 10.12 MHz 14.02 MHz 18.1 MHz 21.02 MHz 24.91 MHz 28.02 MHz 50.02 MHz
Preamp OFF MDS dBm -113.6 dBm -132.1 -130.8 -133.8 -131.4 -132.5 -131.6 -132.6 -132.3 -131.4

Two-Tone 3rd-Order Dynamic Range Test:
Test Description: Intermodulation distortion dynamic range (IMD DR) measures the impact of two-tone IMD on a receiver. IMD is the production of spurious responses resulting from the mixing of desired and undesired signals in a receiver. IMD occurs in any receiver when signals of sufficient magnitude are present. IMD DR is the difference, in dB, between the noise floor and the strength of two equal off-channel signals that produce a third-order product equal to the noise floor. In the case of two-tone, third-order dynamic range, the degradation criterion is a receiver spurious response. If the receiver generates a third-order response equal to the receiver's noise floor to two off-channel signals, the difference between the noise floor and the level of one of the off-channel signals is the blocking dynamic range. This test determines the range of signals that can be tolerated by the device under test while producing essentially no undesired spurious responses. To perform the 3rd Order test, two signals of equal amplitude and spaced 20 kHz apart, are injected into the input of the receiver. If we call these frequencies f1 and f2, the third-order products will appear at frequencies of (2f1-f2) and (2f2-f1). Automated test software also performs a swept test on the 20-meter band. The greater the dynamic range, expressed in dB, or the higher the intercept point, the better the performance. Key Test Conditions: Sufficient attenuation and isolation must exist between the two signal generators. The two-port coupler must be terminated in a 20dB return loss load. The receiver is set as close as possible to 500 Hz bandwidth. Block Diagram:
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 26
Two-Tone Receiver IMD Dynamic Range Test Result Summary:
Band 1.02 MHz 3.52 MHz 3.52 MHz 7.02 MHz 14.02 MHz 14.02 MHz 14.02 MHz 21.02 MHz 28.02 MHz 50.02 MHz 50.02 MHz Spacing 20 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 50 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz 50 kHz 50 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz Preamp OFF IMD DR (dB) 102.1 98.100.4 100.4 103.6 95.3 101* 103.4 Preamp ON IMD DR (dB) 95.5 94.99.2 99.2 98.8 92.90.6 Notes
Notes: 1. Unit tested at 500 Hz bandwidth. * Indicates that the measurement was noise limited at values shown.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 27

Dynamic Range Graphs: The following page shows one of the highlights of ARRL test result reports -- swept graphs on receiver twotone, third-order IMD dynamic range and blocking dynamic range. These graphs are taken using National Instruments LabWindows CVI automated test software, with a custom program written by the ARRL Laboratory. Dynamic range measures the difference between a receiver's noise floor and the receiver's degradation in the presence of strong signals. In some cases, the receiver's noise performance causes receiver degradation before blocking or a spurious response is seen. In either case, if the noise floor is degraded by 1 dB due to the presence of receiver noise during the test, the dynamic range is said to be noise limited by the level of signal that caused the receiver noise response. A noise-limited condition is indicated in the QST "Product Review" test-result tables. In the swept graphs included with this report, the specific frequencies which were noise limited are indicated by circles. Being "noise limited" is not necessarily a bad thing. A receiver noise limited at a high level is better than a receiver whose dynamic range is lower than the noise-limited level. In essence, a receiver that is noise limited has a dynamic range that is better than its local-oscillator noise. Most of the best receivers are noise limited at rather high levels. The ARRL Laboratory has traditionally used off-channel signals spaced 20 kHz from the desired signal. This does allow easy comparisons between different receivers. There is nothing magical about the 20-kHz spacing, however. In nearly all receivers, the dynamic range varies with signal spacing, due to the specific design of the receiver. Most receivers have filter combinations that do some coarse filtering at RF and in the first IF, with additional filtering taking place in later IF or AF stages. As the signals get "inside" different filters in the receiver, the dynamic range decreases as the attenuation of the filter is no longer applied to the signal. Interestingly, the different filter shapes can sometimes be seen in the graphs of dynamic range of different receivers. In the case of the ARRL graphs, one can often see that the 20-kHz spacing falls on the slope of the curve. Many manufacturers specify dynamic range at 50 or 100 kHz. The computer is not as skilled (yet) at interpreting noisy readings as a good test engineer, so in some cases there are a few dB difference between the computer-generated data and those in the "Product Review" tables. Our test engineer takes those numbers manually, carefully measuring levels and interpreting noise and other phenomena that can effect the test data. (We are still taking the two-tone IMD data manually.) The graphs that follow show swept blocking and two-tone dynamic range. In the blocking test, the receiver is tuned to a signal on 14.020 MHz, the center of the graph. The X axis is the frequency (MHz) of the undesired, off-channel signal. In the two-tone test, the receiver is tuned to a signal on 14.020 MHz, the center of the graph. The X axis is the frequency of the closer of the two tones that are creating intermodulation.

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 28

Dynamic-Range Graphs:

Swept Blocking Dynamic Range
150.0 140.0 130.0 120.0 B 110.0 D R 100.0 d 90.0 B 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 13.820
Receiver Frequency = 14.02 MHz

13.920

14.020

14.120

14.220
150.0 140.0 130.0 I 120.0 M D 110.0 D 100.0 R 90.0 d B 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 13.820

Swept IMD Dynamic Range

Note: The anomaly at 13.920 MHz is due to an internally generated spur (birdie) in the radio.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 29

Second-Order IMD Test:

Test Description: This test measures the amount of 2nd-order mixing that takes place in the receiver. Signals at 6 and 8 MHz are presented to the receiver and the resultant output at 14 MHz is measured. Test Results: Frequency 14.02 MHz 14.02 MHz 14.02 MHz 14.02 MHz Notes: Preamplifier OFF ON OFF ON Tuner OFF OFF ON ON Mode CW CW CW CW Dynamic Range (dB) 100.IP2 +69 dBm +68 dBm +70 dBm +72 dBm Notes
In-Band Receiver IMD Test:
Test Description: This test measures the intermodulation that occurs between two signals that are simultaneously present in the passband of a receiver. Two signals, at levels of 50 uV (nominally S9), spaced 100 Hz are used. The receiver AGC is set to FAST. The receiver is tuned so the two signals appear at 900 Hz and 1100 Hz in the receiver audio. The output of the receiver is viewed on a spectrum analyzer and the 3rd- and 5th order products are measured directly from the screen. The smaller the products as seen on the graph, the better the receiver. Generally, products that are less than 30 dB below the desired tones will not be cause objectionable receiver intermodulation distortion. Key Test Conditions: S9 or S9 + 40 dB signals Receiver set to SSB normal mode, nominal 2 - 3 kHz bandwidth Block Diagram:
Test Result Summary: Frequency 14.02 MHz 14.02 MHz Preamplifier ON ON AGC FAST SLOW 3rd-order dB PEP -27 -29 5th-order dB PEP -38 -40 Notes

ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 30
In-Band Receiver IMD Graphs:

Reference Level: 0 dB

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Audio Frequency: 0 to 2 kHz
Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 14.200 MHz, AGC Fast, In-Band Receiver IMD
Yaesu FT-920 HF Transceiver 14.200 MHz, AGC Slow, In-Band Receiver IMD
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 31
FM Adjacent Channel Selectivity Test:
Test Description: The purpose of the FM Adjacent Channel Selectivity Test is to measure the ability of the
device under test receiver to reject interference from individual undesired signals while receiving various levels of desired signal. The desired carrier signal will be at 29.000 MHz, modulated at 1000 Hz, and the offending signal will be located at adjacent nearby frequencies with 400 Hz modulation. (NOTE: The SINAD Test in 5.3 must be performed before this test can be completed.) The greater the number in dB, the better the rejection.
Test Results: Frequency 29.0 MHz 29.0 MHz 52 MHz 52 MHz Notes: Preamplifier OFF ON OFF ON Frequency Spacing 20 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz Adjacent-channel rejection (dB) Notes
FM Two-Tone 3rd-Order Dynamic Range Test:
Test Description: The purpose of the FM Two-Tone 3rd Order Dynamic Range Test is to determine the range of signals that can be tolerated by the device under test in the FM mode while producing no spurious responses greater than the 12-dB SINAD level. To perform this test, two signals, f1 and f2, of equal amplitude and spaced 20 kHz apart, are injected into the input of the receiver. The signal located 40 kHz from the distortion product being measured is modulated at 1,000 Hz with a deviation of 3 kHz. The receiver is tuned to the Third Order IMD frequencies as determined by (2f1-f2) and (2f2-f1). The input signals are then raised simultaneously by equal amounts until 25 % distortion, or the 12 dB SINAD point, is obtained. Frequencies 10 MHz outside the amateur band are used to test the wideband dynamic range. The greater the dynamic range, the better the receiver performance. Test Results: Frequency 29.MHz 29 MHz 52 MHz 52 MHz Preamplifier OFF ON OFF ON Frequency Spacing 20 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz Dynamic Range dB Notes

Notes: 1. Test is noise limited. In FM, this results in a reading that is somewhat inaccurate. The actual dynamic range is probably a few dB worse than the figures indicated. While this sounds opposite of what one would expect, because the test is based on a SINAD measurement, the presence of noise means that it takes a stronger signal to have a product equal to the measured noise floor, resulting in a number that appears better than it would be if there were no noise.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 32

Image Rejection Test:

Test Description: This test measures the amount of image rejection for superhetrodyne receivers by determining
the level of signal input to the receiver at the first IF image frequencies that will produce an audio output equal to the MDS level. The test is conducted with the receiver in the CW mode using the 500 Hz, or closest available, IF filters. Any audio filtering is disabled and AGC is turned OFF, if possible. The test is performed with the receiver tuned to 14.020 MHz for receivers that have 20-meter capability, or to a frequency 20 kHz up from the lower band edge for single-band receivers. The greater the number in dB, the better the image rejection.
Test Results: Frequency 14.250 MHz 14.250 MHz Notes: Preamplifier OFF ON Mode CW CW Calculated Image Frequency 151.989 MHz 151.989 MHz Image Rejection 66.7 dB 79.6 dB Notes

IF Rejection Test:

Test Description: This test measures the amount of first IF rejection for superhetrodyne receivers by determining
the level of signal input to the receiver at the first IF that will produce an audio output equal to the MDS level. The test is conducted with the receiver in the CW mode using the 500 Hz, or closest available, IF filters. Any audio filtering is disabled and AGC is turned OFF, if possible. The test is performed with the receiver tuned to 14.020 MHz for receivers that have 20-meter capability, or to a frequency 20 kHz up from the lower band edge for single-band receivers. The greater the number in dB, the better the IF rejection.
Test Results: Frequency 14.250 MHz 14.250 MHz Preamplifier OFF ON Mode CW CW 1st IF Rejection (dB) 73.2 105.5 Notes 1
Notes: 1. First IF is 68.985 MHz
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 33

Audio Output Power Test:

Test Description: This test measures the audio power delivered by the receiver. The manufacturer's specification for load and distortion are used. For units not specified, an 8-ohm load and 10% harmonic distortion are used. Test Results: Specified Distortion 10% T.H.D. Notes: Specified Load Impedance 4 ohms Audio Output Power 2.1 W Notes
IF + Audio Frequency Response Test:
Test Description: The purpose of the IF + Audio Frequency Response Test is to measure the audio frequencies at which the receiver audio drops 6 dB from the peak signal response. The frequency-response bandwidth is then calculated by taking the difference between the lower and upper frequency. Test Results: IF Filter Use/Unit Mode CW CW USB LSB Notes: Nominal Bandwidth Hz 500 WIDE WIDE WIDE Low Freq (Hz) 309 Hz 219 Hz 270 Hz 279 Hz High Freq (Hz) 933 Hz 1888 Hz 1930 Hz 2007 Hz Bandwidth Notes
624 Hz 1669 Hz 1660 Hz 1728 Hz
Squelch Sensitivity Test:
Test Description: The purpose of the Squelch Sensitivity Test is to determine the level of the input signal required to break squelch at the threshold and at the point of maximum squelch. This number is not usually critical. A result anywhere between 0.05 and 0.5 uV is usually useful. The maximum can range to infinity. Test Results: Frequency 29.0 MHz 29.0 MHz 52 MHz 52 MHz 14.2 MHz 14.2 MHz Preamplifier OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON Mode FM FM FM FM SSB SSB Minimum uV 0.216 0.116 0.209 0.071 4.07 1.36 Maximum uV N/A N/A N/A N/A 145 45.7 Notes 1
Notes: 1. The maximum signal of the ARRL generator did not open the squelch in FM mode at the maximum squelch setting.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 34

S-Meter Test:

Test Description: The purpose of the S-Meter Test is to determine the level of RF input signal required to produce an S9 and S9+20 dB indication on the receiver S meter. This test is performed with the receiver in the CW mode at a frequency of 14.200 MHz. The IF filter is set to 500 Hz, nominal. A traditional S9 signal is a level of 50 uV (an old Collins receiver standard). The Collins standard S unit was 6 dB. This is , however, not a hard and fast rule, especially for LED or bar-graph type S meters. Test Results: Frequency 14.2 MHz 14.2 MHz Notes: Preamplifier OFF ON S Units S9 S9 uV 21.9 39.8 Notes

Notch Filter Test:

Test Description: This test measures the notch filter depth at 1 kHz audio and the time required for auto-notch DSP filters to detect and notch a signal. The more negative the notch depth number, the better the performance. Test Results: Frequency 14.2 MHz Notch Depth 40 dB or greater Notes 1
Notes: 1. Notch depth is frequency dependent.
Other Tests: Temperature Chamber Test Description:
All equipment that would normally be used outdoors are subjected to a function, output power and frequency accuracy test over its specified temperature range. For those units not specified, the unit is operated at -10 and +60 degrees Celsius. These temperatures were chosen to represent typical specifications and typical outdoor use over most of the country.
Duty Cycle Test Description:
Most equipment does not specify a duty cycle. For this reason, most Product Review equipment is not subject to a specific duty cycle test. It is assumed that equipment without a duty-cycle specification is intended for conversational use on CW or SSB. The equipment sees considerable such use during the review process. If equipment does have a duty-cycle specification, such as "continuous," "continuous commercial" or a specific time parameter, the equipment is tested against that specification. If the unit does not pass, this will be treated as a defect that occurred during the review.
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 35
ARRL Laboratory Expanded Test-Result Report Model: Yaesu FT-920 Serial: 7F020059 Copyright 1997, American Radio Relay League, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Page 36

1. Linear Amplifier Interfacing
The FT-920 can be used with the (optional) Yaesu FL-7000 Linear Amplifier, which provides automatic band switching through the use of digital data sent via the BAND jack on the rear panel of the transceiver. Most other commonly-used linear amplifiers may also be used with the FT-920, so long as the Tx/Rx switching voltages and timing (sequencing) for the amplifiers control relay(s) are not extraordinary.
Tx/Rx Control Devices for Linear Amplifier Switching
Two control devices are provided in the FT-920 for Tx/Rx control of an linear amplifiers relay(s). An open-collector transistor switch provides a solid-state, fast-acting closure to ground for low-voltage/low-current situations; maximum ratings are +50 V DC at 500 mA (maximum dissipation of 25W), and relays using negative DC voltages or AC of any kind must not be used with the transistor switch. The transistor switchs hot lead is identified as TX GND (since it closes to GND on TX), and is provided on Pin 2 of the BAND (DIN) connector on the rear panel of the FT-920. It is also provided via the rear-panel TX GND jack when the T R-RY switch is set to the TR position. A mechanical relay is provided for high voltage/high-current applications, although the relay will not be fast enough for QSK (full breakin) CW operation; maximum ratings for the relay contacts are 220 V DC (maximum) at 270 mA, 30V DC at 2 A, or 125 V AC (maximum AC voltage) at 500 mA (60 Watts total maximum dissipation). The relays contacts may be accessed by connecting a shielded cable to the rear-panel T X GND jack. If the relay is being used, the TR-RY switch adjacent to the TX GND RCA jack must be set to the RY position; conversely, if you are using the transistor switch, leave the TR-RY switch in the TR position, so as to eliminate the clicking of the relay.
The relay provides a mechanical closure to Ground on Transmit, while the (NPN) transistor switch sinks its (open) collector to Ground on Transmit. Check with the manufacturer of your amplifier (or other device) to confirm the amplifier switching voltage and current, if they are not clearly stipulated in the documentation for your equipment. Be absolutely certain to check the position of the TR-RY switch prior to connecting any external device to the TX G ND jack. Never connect an AC voltage, or a negative DC voltage, to the T X GND jack if the TR-R Y switch is set to T R. The Limited Warranty on this product does not cover damage caused by improper connections (excessive or improper voltage) to the rear panel jacks of the FT920.

Interconnection with QSK Amplifiers
If using a Yaesu FL-7000 amplifier, connect the (optional) cable CT-11 from the transceiver BAND jack to the amplifiers ACC-2 jack. This provides automatic band selection for the linear, as well as QSK Tx/Rx switching control and sequencing. Also connect an RCA-to-RCA patch cord (Yaesu Part #T9101296 -
Interconnection with non-QSK Amplifiers (Yaesu FL-2100 Series or others)
The TX GND jack on the rear panel of the transceiver provides for Tx/Rx switching of non-QSK amplifiers. A schematic diagram of the FT-920s internal relay circuit is shown below.
ter contact of the TX GND RCA jack to the amplifiers relay control line, using the outer contact of the TX GND jack for the shield. Connect the RF coaxial cable and, if compatible, the ALC cable as described in the QSK amplifier interconnection section above. Refer to the drawing below for details. With the relay enabled, the FT-920 can support non-
QSK linear Tx/Rx switching voltages of up to 220 VDC (maximum permissible DC voltage) at 270 mA, 30 VDC at 2 A, or 125 VAC (maximum permissible AC voltage) at 500 mA.

Caution!

Do not exceed the maximum ratings of the switching circuitry (transistor or relay) of the FT-920 made available via the BAND or TX GND jacks. Your warranty does not cover damage caused by improper interconnections to linear amplifiers. When in doubt, it is always safest to utilize the TX GND jack with the TR-RY switch set to TR, as this configuration should handle the switching requirements of most all commonly-available amplifiers.
As the FT-920 is supplied from the factory, the internal relay is disabled, and a high-dissipation NPN transistors (open) collector is connected to the T X GND jack. To enable the relay for use with amplifiers requiring it, move the rear panel T R-R Y switch, located in the hole near the center of the rear panel, to the RY position. Use a thin, insulated object like a toothpick to move the switch. Then connect the cen-
2. Digital Modem Interfacing (TNC, WeatherFax, etc.)
The FT-920 provides several convenient interconnection points, as well as dedicated operating modes, for digital operation. While interfacing to commonlyavailable modems is simple and straightforward, it is important that you read the instructions below so as to understand the facilities that are provided on the FT-920.

(7) METER SELECT Switch This switch is used to select the display function of the transmission multimeter, with the selections being provided in the following sequence: ALC: ALC Voltage. SWR: SWR as observed by the transmitter PA. COMP: Speech Processor Compression level. VOLT: Final amplifier transistor supply voltag (also displayed on receive). AMP: Final amplifier transistor drain current. ALC: ALC Voltage (return to beginning of loop). (8) IPO Switch The Intercept Point Optimization button switches the receiver RF preamplifier on and off. When the switch is pressed, the IPO icon appears on the display panel, and the receiver RF preamplifier is bypassed. When this switch is pressed again, IPO will disappear, and the RF preamplifier returns to operation. Best receiver sensitivity occurs when IPO is off. However, the RF preamplifier may not be necessary in noisy locations or on the lower frequencies, in which case the IPO feature will provide improved immunity from intermodulation. (9) ATT Switch This switch may be used to reduce the input receive signal in one S-Unit steps, starting at 0 dB (no attenuation), and sequencing through [6 dB] [12 dB] [18 dB] [0 dB]. The attenuation level is shown on the display panel. Best sensitivity will, of course, occur when no attenuation is used. (10) AGC Switch This switch selects the recovery time for the receiver AGC (Automatic Gain Control) system. The selections available are, in order: AGC FAST : Fast receiver recovery time. AGC SLOW: Slow receiver recovery time. AGC OFF: AGC system disabled. AGC FAST : Fast receiver recovery time (return to beginning of loop). The current receiver recovery time constant is shown on the display panel. ? If AGC OFF is selected, the S-meter (which monitors AGC voltage) will cease to function.
(11) MIC GAIN Control This control adjusts the microphone input level in the SSB and AM modes. Clockwise rotation increases the microphone gain level. (12) RF PWR Control This control adjusts the transmitters power output, with a range of 10 ~ 100 Watts, and adjustment is available in all modes. Clockwise rotation increases the power output. (13) AF GAIN Control This control adjusts the receiver volume level presented to the speaker or headphones. Clockwise rotation increases the volume level. ? Note that this control does not affect the audio level presented to the rear-panel AF OUT and DATA jacks. (14) RF GAIN Control This control adjusts the gain of the receivers RF and IF stages. Clockwise rotation increases the RF Gain level for best sensitivity, and the normal operating position for this control is fully clockwise. ? Counter-clockwise rotation of the RF GAIN control, besides lowering the receiver gain level, will cause the S-meter to deflect upward, as though a strong signal were present. (15) NARROW Switch This switch is used to activate optional narrow filters, for improved interference rejection. Press this switch to select the narrow filter; the NAR indicator will appear on the display panel. (16) MODE Switches Pressing one of these switches selects the operating mode. Per the chart below, repeated presses of a particular switch may cause the precise mode to be selected from within a mode group (for example, pressing [SSB] repeatedly toggles between [USB] and [LSB].

(63) SHIFT Control This control adjusts the receivers IF Shift feature, which adjusts the 8.2 MHz IF position relative to the center frequency of the selected IF filter (in all modes except FM). The default position for this control is at 12 oclock, and an adjustment range of 1.26 kHz is provided (the pitch of the incoming signals will not change). (64) NR Control This control adjusts the level of the DSP-based Noise Reduction feature. Clockwise rotation of this control increased the degree of noise reduction. (65) DSP Switch This is the On/Off switch for the Digital Signal Processing circuitry. (66) LOW CUT/HIGH CUT Controls These controls adjust the passband cutoff frequencies of the receivers High-Cut and Low-Cut DSP filters. The inner control adjusts the Low-Cut characteristics, with a physical adjustment range over the left hemisphere. The outer control adjusts the HighCut characteristics, and its adjustment range is over the right hemisphere. Do not attempt to adjust either of these controls past the 12 oclock position. (67) NOTCH Switch This is the On/Off switch for the beat-canceling DSP Notch filter.
(1) S/PO Meter This meter scale indicates signal strength on receive, and power output on transmit. The characteristics may be changed between Instantaneous and PeakHold by making the appropriate selection via Menu Item U-07. (2) Transmit Multimeter In accordance with the corresponding setting of the Meter Select switch, these meter scales provide display of the following transmitter performance parameters: ALC: ALC Voltage. SWR: SWR as observed by the transmitter PA. COMP: Speech Processor Compression level. VOLT: Final amplifier transistor supply voltage (also displayed on receive). AMP: Final amplifier transistor drain current. (3) [PROC] This icon indicates that the Digital Speech Processor is On. (4) [IPO] This icon indicates that the Intercept Point Optimization condition for the receiver is active, with the input preamplifier being bypassed. (5) [ATT 18] This icon is illuminated when the receiver input preamplifier is On, and it displays the number of dB of attenuation.
(6) [AGC F S] [AGC OFF] These icons indicate the current operating mode for the Automatic Gain Control circuitry. (7) [TRANSMIT] This icon becomes illuminated during transmission. If you attempt to transmit outside of an authorized transmit range, this icon will disappear, and ERROR will appear on the main frequency display area. (8) [BUSY] This icon is illuminated during reception so long as the receiver is unsquelched. By keeping the SQUELCH control fully counter-clockwise, receiver audio will always be present and the [BUSY] icon will stay lit. (9) [SPLIT] This icon is illuminated during Split operation using VFO-A for reception and VFO-B for transmission, or vice-versa. (10) [FAST] This icon is illuminated when Fast synthesizer steps have been selected, for more rapid frequency navigation using the VFO-A and VFO-B Tuning Knobs, or the UP (p)/(q)DOWN switches. In the Fast mode, the frequency change is multiplied by a factor of 10. (11) [NAR] This icon is illuminated when a Narrow filter (in those modes where one is available) has been selected.

(13) DATA Jack This five-pin DIN jack accepts AFSK input or FSK (closure to ground) input from a Terminal Node Controller (TNC) or Terminal Unit (TU); it also provides fixed-level Audio Output, PTT, and Ground lines. The optimum AFSK Input level is 30 mV at 3 k, while the Audio Output level provided is fixed at 100 mV at 600. (14) EXT ALC Jack This RCA type connector may be used for connection to a linear amplifiers ALC cable. The specified control voltage range is 0V ~ -4V DC, with -4V corresponding to the maximum degree of power reduction being applied to the FT-920. (15) RX ANT Jacks These RCA connectors provide convenient access to the receiver input line for a number of applications. They are active only when the front-panel [RX ANT] key is pressed. The OUT jack is connected to the RX lead from the main T/R relay for the transceiver. The IN jack is connected to the input port of the FT920 receiver section. Accordingly, a separate receive-only antenna, or a VHF receive converters 28 MHz output, may be connected to the I N jack. Alternatively, a receive preamplifiers Input jack may be connected to the OUT jack, and the preamps Output jack may be connected to the IN jack. See page 35 for interface instructions and ideas. (16) ANT Jacks (A - B) These SO-239 (M) jacks should be connected to an appropriate coaxial connector for the antenna or a 50 dummy load. Antenna selection is made via the front-panel [ANTENNA A/B] switch. (17) DC 13.5V Jack This is the main DC input jack for the transceiver. The specified voltage is 13.5V DC (negative ground) at 20 Amps. (18) GND Lug For best performance and safety, this Ground Lug should be connected to a good earth ground, using a short, heavy, braided cable.
The small adjustment hole, shown in the drawing, is used for adjustment of the Beep tone associated with front panel keystrokes.

Before You Start

Before you begin operation for the first time, preset the front panel controls and switches to the following positions: POWER, VOX, MOX: all off MIC GAIN: 9 oclock AF GAIN: 9 oclock RF POWER: fully clockwise RF GAIN: fully clockwise SHIFT: 12 oclock NR: 12 oclock LOW CUT: fully counter-clockwise (approximately 7 oclock) HIGH CUT: fully clockwise (approximately 5 oclock) SQL: fully counter-clockwise PROC LEVEL: fully counter-clockwise fully counter-clockwise MONI LEVEL: NB LEVEL: fully counter-clockwise SPEED: 12 oclock PITCH: 12 oclock SIDE TONE : 12 oclock These represent typical starting points for operation; optimum setting procedures will be discussed later. Note that a wide variety of transceiver characteristics may be optimized or adjusted using the Menu System, discussed in detail beginning on page 69. Connect your microphone and CW key/paddle to the appropriate jacks, then turn on your 13.5 Volt DC power supply.

To activate the DSP Notch Filter, press the [NOTCH ] key. To turn the filter off, press the [NOTCH] key once more. Note: The DSP Notch filter should not be used in the CW mode! The DSP system will interpret a CW carrier as being interference, and will notch out the incoming signal. Therefore, as you tune the band with the Notch Filter on, CW signals will appear for a moment, then disappear as they are notched out.
control until the S-meter hangs up approximately at the peak signal level of the interfering signal; this places the incoming signals below the AGC Threshold (described on page 42). Now engage or adjust the necessary DSP features, and you will, in many circumstances, find that interference rejection is improved. For maximum sensitivity, the RF GAIN control should be set fully clockwise.
IF Noise Blanker (NB) When automotive ignition noise, power-line noise, or other impulse-type noise is present, the IF Noise Blanker feature may be engaged so as to minimize or eliminate the noise.
Press the [NB] switch so as to illuminate the NB icon on the display, then rotate the NB LEVEL control to the point of maximum noise elimination consistent with the maintenance of good signal quality. Press the [NB] switch again to turn off the IF Noise Blanker. Note: Under extremely strong signal conditions on a crowded band, such as during a DX contest, etc., excessive advancement of the NB LEVEL control may cause somewhat degraded immunity from splatter from very strong nearby stations. This general tendency is typical of all IF noise blanker circuits, and the FT-920s circuitry is carefully designed to minimize this characteristic. Try reducing the setting of the NB LEVEL control if this is observed, and try to utilize the DSP Noise Reduction to compensate (see below).
RF GAIN Control The RF GAIN control is a highly useful interferencefighting control that is often overlooked.
When interference or background noise are severe, rotating the RF GAIN control counter-clockwise may, in some instances, improve reception. Counter-clockwise rotation of the RF GAIN control reduces the gain in the RF and IF stages by applying an increasing amount of AGC voltage; this causes the background noise and signal levels to decrease, and it also causes the no-signal indication of the S-meter to rise. Signals weaker than the minimum S-meter indication may still be plainly audible, but they will no longer be affecting the AGC system. This may be exploited by the skillful operator, particularly with regard to the DSP system. Because the DSP operates in the audio section of the receiver, after AGC detection is accomplished, rotating the RF GAIN control counter-clockwise may reduce the detrimental effects of strong noise and interfering signals, and may render the DSP more effective at eliminating beat notes, adjacent-frequency interference, or noise. To do this, reduce the setting of the RF GAIN

Voice Monitor Operation The Monitor function allows you to observe the characteristics of your speech signal so as to make adjustments of the DSP, AM or FM modulation characteristics, etc. Press the MONI switch to activate the Voice Monitor; the MONI indicator on the display will become illuminated. Now, when you speak, your voice will
The input level of your voice signal to the Digital Voice Recorder may be adjusted by using the MIC GAIN control. The optimum settings for the Recorder may, however, be slightly different from those used in normal operation; this is normal.

CW Transmission

The FT-920s versatile design allows the CW operator unparalleled flexibility for operation using the internal electronic keyer, an external keyer, a computerdriven keying interface, or a straight key. The best selections for interconnections and switch positioning will depend critically on your application. See the configuration details beginning on page 18 for suggestions.
Straight Key Operation Insert your keys plug into either KEY jack. Set the other controls as follows: MODE; CW KEYER; Off (No icon should appear on display). RF P OWER; Fully clockwise. S IDE TONE; 12 oclock position. VOX; Off BK-IN; Off P DL-KEY; Confirm that this rear panel switch is set to KEY.
If you close the key at this point, you will hear the CW side tone in the background, but you will not be transmitting. This mode allows you to adjust the S IDE TONE control for a comfortable volume level, and it is also useful if you wish to practice sending. For Semi-Break-In operation, press the VOX switch. Now, when you press on the key, the transmitter will automatically activated, and after you quit sending the FT-920 will return to the receive mode. The Hang Time for the CW VOX circuitry is adjustable (separately for the CW mode as opposed to SSB) via Menu Item U-24. See page 76. For Full Break-In (QSK) operation, turn the VOX off and press the BK-IN switch. Now, pressing and releasing the key will cause instantaneous TX/RX switching in tandem with your keying, allowing you to hear any incoming signals in the spaces between dots, dashes, and letters in your sending. This may be particularly helpful for message handling or contest operation. ? When the VOX is on, pressing the BK-IN switch does not cause QSK operation to be activated, as the VOX command will override the BreakIn command. When both switches are pressed so these features are both on, the FT-920 will

Split VFO Operation Some pile-ups (especially on SSB) involve a split greater than 9.99 kHz. In these cases, use the two VFOs on the FT-920 for split frequency operation. Example: DX1DX is on 7.095.0 MHz, listening 210 to 220 (7.210 ~ 7.220 MHz) for replies: With the Clarifier(s) off, and TX/RX control on the Main Tuning Dial, tune in DX1DX on 7.095.0 MHz. Press and hold in the [A B] key for second, then rotate the VFO-B Tuning Dial to set VFO-B somewhere between 7.210 and 7.220 MHz (pressing [A B] ensures that both VFOs are on the same operating mode). Press the VFO-B [TX] indicator, which will glow Orange after you press it. This indicates that VFO-A is in charge of the receive frequency, while VFO-B is controlling the transmit frequency. In the same manner as you did in the TX CLAR example previously, you may press the VFOB [RX] indicator so as to listen to the pile-up. If you find the station being worked by DX1DX, tune quickly onto that stations frequency, then press the VFO-A [RX] indicator to return receive frequency control to VFO-A, so you can listen for DX1DX to say QRZ?
? When operating Split via any means, in pile-up situations be absolutely certain not to press the VFO-A [TX] indicator accidentally, as this will make you transmit on the DX stations frequency, causing interference to others trying to work the DX.
Press the [MENU] key once more to exit the Menu mode. While operating with both TX and RX control from VFO-A, press the [AuB] key. You will observe that T X control has been shifted to VFO-B, and that VFO-Bs frequency is 5 kHz higher than VFO-As. To cancel Quick Split, repeat the first four steps above; in step , rotate the VFO-B Tuning Dial to OFF then press [MENU] to exit the Menu mode and resume normal operation.
Quick Split Feature A user-programmed Quick Split may be utilized to provide a starting point for split operation. For example, if many of your DX pile-up operating situations require you to transmit 5 kHz higher than you are receiving, this feature may be useful to you. Here is the procedure for activating Quick Split: Press the [MENU] key to enter the Menu mode. Rotate the VFO-B Tuning Dial so as to select Menu Item U-04. Press the [ENT] key to enter the Menu Command mode. Now rotate the VFO-B Tuning Dial to select 5.0 (kHz) or whatever TX/RX split you desire.
Mode K Satellite Operation Although the FT-920 is not designed for full duplex satellite operation, Mode K satellite operation (uplink on 21.2 MHz, downlink on 29.4 MHz) is nonetheless possible, particularly on CW. Here is a generalized example of such an operating scenario; consult one of the many satellite operating journals for precise frequency information: Set VFO-A to 29.430 MHz, CW mode, and disable (temporarily, at least) the Narrow filter, if currently on. Be sure that the VFO-A [RX] indicator is illuminated. Set VFO-B to 21.230 kHz, CW mode. Press the VFO-B [TX] key so that the switch/LED glows Orange. If you are using a typical triband or log-periodic antenna which covers both 15 and 10 meters, set up the two VFOs for operation on the same antenna. If you are using separate antennas on the two bands, connect the 15 meter antenna to antenna port B, and select Antenna B for VFO-B; now connect the 10 meter antenna to antenna port A, and select antenna A for VFO-A. Press the [BK-IN ] switch to activate full CW break-in operation. If the appropriate satellite is above the horizon, and the frequency is clear, you may now send a string of dots to allow you to find your downlink signal through the satellite. Because the break-in system allows you to listen between dots, the propagation delay through the satellite should allow you to hear traces of your signal, and you may adjust the appropriate VFO for the exact pitch desired, a well as to follow Doppler shift. Make a note of the TX/RX frequency differ-

Quick Menu Operation

The Quick Menu feature allows you to select certain Menu Items you feel the need to change more frequently. These are assembled into Quick Menu bank which operates almost identically to the Normal Menu mode. However, access is very slightly different: r When you have created a Quick Menu, you activate it by pressing [MENU] momentarily (as described above in the Normal Menu Operation section). You now only have access to the Quick menu Items. r To gain access to the other Normal Menu Items, press [MENU] and hold it in for second (instead of pressing it momentarily). After you have done one of the above actions with
We will now provide a summary chart showing the Menu Items available, followed by a more comprehensive description of each Menu Item and the choices available.

Menu Mode Summary Chart

Menu Mode Selections and Settings

M e nu #

U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -11 U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -3 6
F unc tio n of M e nu Item
VF O Di al S pee d Up /D o w n Sw it ch S teps St ep Sw itc h F un ctio n Q uic k Spl it Of fset TX W hen Spo t is Pre s se d Be ep Fr equ ency "P eak H o ld" M eterin g D isplay D im m e r C on tr ol M ulti-Pa nel D isplay Item E nha nc ed Tu ning Sc a le M em o ry C han nel Gro up 1 M em o ry C han nel Gro up 2 M em o ry C han nel Gro up 3 M em o ry C han nel Gro up 4 Sc an ning M od e Hol d T im e for "D ela y " S ca n R e su m e T im e a fter Carrie r D ro p Du al W atc h Polli ng I nt e rval Sc a nnin g S pee d E lec tron ic Key e r M od e K ey er D ot :S pac e Ratio Ke ye r D as h :S pace R atio Ke y er E nv elo pe D e lay Se m i-Br eak-in PTT H ol d T im e C ontest N um be r C ontest N um b er " 0" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 1" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 2" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 3" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 5" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 7" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 8" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er " 9" Fo rm at C ontest N um b er S iz e/ Fo rm at HF Re pea te r Ton e T yp e V HF R e pea te r Ton e T yp e

Av a ila ble C ho ices

X2, X 4 0.5 kH z ~ k Hz /S te p Tog gle/ M om e nt ary Off/ -k H z ~ +kH z On /O ff Off/ H z ~ H z 0(O ff) ~ m s. On /O ff C lar ifie r/Pitc h/Offs et C lar./D S P/Tun ing /Fine Tu nin g 1 ~ 99 {(L ast # in Gr p. 1)+ 1} ~ {(L ast # in Gr p. 2)+ 1} ~ {(L ast # in Gr p. 3)+ 1} ~ C arri er Dro p/D elay/ Halt 1 ~ 60 Seco nds 0 ~ 10 Seco nds 3 ~ 15 Seco nds 1 ~ m s./S te p K ey er 1/Keye r 2/Bu g 0 (0:1 ) ~ 127 (12.7 :1 ) 0 (0:1 ) ~ 127 (12.7 :1 ) 0 ~ 30 m s. 0 ~ m s. (5.1 s ec on ds) ~ 0 (Z er o)/T /O (Oh ) 1/A 2/U 3/V 5/E 7/B 8/D 9/N N o L ead ing 0/nnn /n nnn /O ff C TC S S/Bur st C TC S S/Bur st

D e fau lt

X00 kH z To gg le O ff O ff H z O ff O ff C lar ifie r DS P 99 O ff O ff O ff C arrie r Dro p 5 Sec o nds 1 S ec on d 10 Seco nds 10 m s. K ey er 0 (1 :1 ) (3 :1 ) 5 m s. 0 m s. 0 (Z ero ) A N o L ead ing 0 C TC S S C TC S S
U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -U -7 3
(T X) To ne Fr equ enc y (R X) To ne Fr equ enc y H F R ep eater Sh ift VH F R ep eat er Sh ift Au to ma ti c Ant en na Sele ctio n RT T Y Gen era to r Tone Pa ir R TT Y Sh ift Shif t Po lari ty Pa cke t F re q. D is pla y Of fset Pac ket S ubc ar rier Fr equ enc y R F Prea m p ( Ban d-by-B and ) AT U E nab ling on RX M ax. PO : Anten na- A M ax. PO : Anten na- B DS P Vo ice Eq ual ize r Line ar Tun ing Start Lin ear Tun ing PO : A nt. A Lin ear Tun ing PO : A nt. B Lin ea r Tu nin g Tim e Line ar Tun ing Spa ce T im e Lin ear Tu ning Pu lse T im e R x LS B C ar rier Of fs et Tx LS B C ar rier Of fset Pr oc ess or L SB Of fset R x U S B C ar rier Offs et Tx U S B C ar rier Offs et P roc ess or U SB Offs et VOX H an g T im e V OX Ga in VO X An ti-Tr ip Q uic k M en u FM S ca nni ng S t eps CW F ilte r A M Filte r AT U Aut o- Re tu nin g AT U F as t Tu nin g RX Ant. Jac k Circ uit P at h
O ff/ 67.0 ~ 25 0.3 H z /H z O ff /6 7.0 ~ 25 0.3 H z 0 ~ 5 MHz 0 ~ 5 MHz Au to /M a nua l/O ff 212 5/ USB //LS B 170 /4 25/H z N orm al /R ev e rse -3.0 ~ + 3.0 kH z 11 70/ 17 00//U SB/ LS B J FET /M O SF ET On /O ff 10 0/50/ 10 W 10 0/50/ 10 W H i/M id/ Lo w/ Ba ndp ass /O ff Be gin s w hen [E nt ] is pre s se d 10 0/50/ 10 W 10 0/50/ 10 W 3 ~ 60 Seco nds 0 ~ m s. 0 ~ m s. - 300 ~ +H z - 300 ~ +H z - 300 ~ +H z - 300 ~ +H z - 300 ~ +H z - 300 ~ +H z 0 ~ 3 Sec o nds 0 ~ 15 (Arb itrary s c ale ) 0 ~ 15 (Arb itrary s c ale ) All M e nu Item s O ff/0.5 ~ 50 kH z On /O ff On /O ff On /O ff On /O ff Op en/C onn ec ted o n T x
O ff O ff kH z kH z A ut o LS B H z N or m al +2.kH z U S B J FET (16 0-1 5m ) O ff 100 W 100 W O ff
100 W 100 W 10 Seco nds m s. m s. 1 S ec on d O ff 10 kH z O ff O ff On O ff Ope n

U-33 ( 9-FORM )

Function: Define the desired truncation for the 9 figure used in contest numbers Available Values: 9 (9: a a a a ) n(N: a ) a a a a ) Default: 9 ( This is perhaps the most-commonly-truncated number used in CW contests.

U-36 ( VHF-TONE )

Function: Define the type of repeater-access tone to be transmitted on 50 MHz during FM RPT operation. Available Values: CtCSS/ bUr St Default: CtCSS The default value causes a tone (set via Menu Item U-37) to be transmitted continuously when the RPT FM mode is in use. The BURST option transmits the selected tone for an interval of only 500 milliseconds, and typically only the 1750 Hz tone selection would be applicable for BURST operation.

U-37 ( TX-T-F )

Function: Set the desired repeater access (TX) tone. Available Values: OFF/Values per chart below/1750 Hz Default: OFF Use this Menu Item to set the frequency of your encoding tone, used for repeater access in the FM RPT mode.

U-41 ( ANT-SEL )

Function: Define the operating function for the [ANTENNA A/B/RX] switch Available Values: Auto/ on/ oFF Default: Auto The available choices are: Auto The selection of Antenna-A, Antenna-B, or RX is stored in VFO or Memory registers, so no operator intervention is needed when changing bands or memories insofar as antenna selection is concerned. on The [ANTENNA A/B/RX] switch is functional, but the settings are not stored in VFO or Memory registers. You must manually choose the antenna selection yourself.

U-38 ( RX-T-F )

Function: Set the desired Tone Decoder frequency for your receiver Available Values: OFF/Values per chart below Default: OFF Use this Menu Item to set the frequency of your transceivers CTCSS Decoder, if used. The Decoder is activated by setting this Menu Item to any value other than OFF, and your receiver will be silent on FM/RPT until a matching tone is received (superimposed on the carrier of an incoming signal).
Only Antenna-A is available. There is no path provided to Antenna-B nor the RXOnly antenna.

U-42 ( RTTY-TN )

Function: Select the offset frequency and injection sideband for the Mark tone produced by the internal RTTY generator Available Values: Hi 2125U/ Lo 1275U/ Hi 2125L/ Lo 1275L Default: Hi 2125L The available choices include: Hi 2125U The Mark tone is offset 2.125 kHz, USB injection Lo 1275U The Mark tone is offset 1.275 kHz, USB injection Hi 2125L The Mark tone is offset 2.125 kHz, LSB injection Lo 1275L The Mark tone is offset 1.275 kHz, LSB injection The Shift tones frequency is offset from the Mark tone by an amount determined by the next Menu Item, U-43 (RTTY Shift).

U-39 ( HF-RPT )

Function: Set the desired repeater shift magnitude for 29 MHz operation Available Values: 0.0 ~ 5000.0 kHz Default: 100.0 kHz This Menu Item sets the 29 MHz shift separately from the 50 MHz shift.

U-40 ( VHF-RPT )

Function: Set the desired repeater shift magnitude for 50 MHz operation Available Values: 0.0 ~ 5000.0 kHz Default: 500.0 kHz The default shift represents the standard value used in most of the United States.

U-43 ( RTTY-SH )

Function: Set the desired RTTY Mark-Space frequency shift Available Values: SFt 170/ SFt 425/ SFt 850 Default: SFt 170 This Menu Item determines the amount of shift to be applied from the Mark tone frequency, which was programmed via Menu Item U-42 (RTTY Tones).
CT CSS Tone Frequency (Hz)
6 7.9.1.4.7.9.2.5.8.1.4.7.0.3.7.2 110. 9 114. 8 118. 3.7.1.6.1.6.1.6.2.7.3.9.6.2.3.0.8.5.3.1.0.3

U-44 ( SFT-POL )

Function: Define whether Mark or Space shall be the idling (key up) tone Available Values: noAL/ r ES Default: noAL The above abbreviations are defined as: noAL (Normal) The idling tone is Space. r (Reverse) The idling tone is Mark. ES

U-48 ( ATU-RX )

Function: Enable/Disable the use of the Automatic Antenna Tuner in the Receive mode Available Values: on/ oFF Default: oFF Engaging the Antenna Tuner in the Receive mode helps protect the receiver circuitry from strong outof-band signals; it acts as an additional bandpass filter ahead of the fixed bandpass networks already protecting the receiver. There is a very slight reduction in sensitivity when this feature is ON, which should prove insignificant in everyday operation.

U-45 ( PK-DISP )

Function: Define the Packet displayed frequency offset Available Values: -3.000 ~ 3.000 kHz Default: -2.125 kHz You can have the display show the (suppressed) carrier frequency or the center frequency between the two Packet tones, for example.

U-49 ( A-MAXPO )

Function: Set the maximum power level for the A antenna terminal Available Values:100/ 50/10

U-46 ( PKT-FRQ )

Function: Align the transceiver to the frequency of the tone pair defined by the TNC. Available Values: 1170-U/1700-U/ 2125-U/ 2210-U/1170-L/1700-L/ 2125-L/ 2210-L Default: 2125-U The above designations of the available values represent the center frequency of the Packet tone pairs, plus their injection sideband (L =LSB, U=USB).

01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H 08H 09H 0AH 0BH 0CH 0DH 0EH 0FH 10H 11H 12H 13H 14H 15H 16H 17H 18H 19H 1AH 1BH 1CH 1DH 1EH 1FH
1-32 1-33 1-34 1-35 1-36 1-37 1-38 1-39 1-40 1-41 1-42 1-43 1-44 1-45 1-46 1-47 1-48 1-49 1-50 1-51 1-52 1-53 1-54 1-55 1-56 1-57 1-58 1-59 1-60 1-61 1-62
20H 21H 22H 23H 24H 25H 26H 27H 28H 29H 2AH 2BH 2CH 2DH 2EH 2FH 30H 31H 32H 33H 34H 35H 36H 37H 38H 39H 3AH 3BH 3CH 3DH 3EH
1-63 1-64 1-65 1-66 1-67 1-68 1-69 1-70 1-71 1-72 1-73 1-74 1-75 1-76 1-77 1-78 1-79 1-80 1-81 1-82 1-83 1-84 1-85 1-86 1-87 1-88 1-89 1-90 1-91 1-92 1-93
3FH 40H 41H 42H 43H 44H 45H 46H 47H 48H 49H 4AH 4BH 4CH 4DH 4EH 4FH 50H 51H 52H 53H 54H 55H 56H 57H 58H 59H 5AH 5BH 5CH 5DH
1-94 1-95 1-96 1-97 1-98 1-99 d-01 d-02 d-03 d-04 d-05 d-06 d-07 d-08 d-09 d-10 C-01 C-02 C-03 C-04 C-05 C-06 C-07 C-08 C-09 C-10 C-11 P-Lo P-Hi
5EH 5FH 60H 61H 62H 63H 64H 65H 66H 67H 68H 69H 6AH 6BH 6CH 6DH 6EH 6FH 70H 71H 72H 73H 74H 75H 76H 77H 78H 79H 7AH

Tone Frequency Codes

00 h 01 h 02 h 03 h 04 h 05 h 06 h 07 h 08 h
OFF 6 7. 9. 1. 4. 7. 9. 2. 5. 4
09 h 0A h 0B h 0 Ch 0 Dh 0E h 0Fh 10 h 11 h
8 8. 1. 4. 7. 0. 3. 7. 0.4.8
12 h 13 h 14 h 15 h 16 h 17 h 18 h 19 h 1A h
11 8.3. 7. 1. 6. 1. 6. 1. 6. 7
1B h 1 Ch 1 Dh 1E h 1Fh 20 h 21 h 22 h 23 h
16 2. 7. 3. 9. 6. 2. 3. 0. 7
24 h 25 h 26 h 27 h 2 8h*

22 5. 3. 1. 0. 0

21 8. 1 * 28h = P1 o nly
The FT-920s memory data is maintained, even when DC power it turned off, via a lithium backup battery with an estimated lifetime of approximately five years. No data essential to the fundamental operation of the radio is stored in volatile memory, so when the batterys voltage ultimately is exhausted the transceiver will not be disabled; you will just observe that your memories have disappeared. In some cases of erratic operation, it may be advisable to reset the microprocessor to its factory default condition, so as to determine whether or not a part failure has caused improper action, as opposed to some operational error. This section describes the procedures to be used for these situations.