Clinical Infectious Diseases
i iii 15 June News In the Literature
15 June 2010 Volume 50 Number 12
ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES
1551 Treatment of Infectious Mastitis during Lactation: Antibiotics versus Oral Administration of Lactobacilli Isolated from Breast Milk
Rebeca Arroyo, Virginia Martn, Antonio Maldonado, Esther Jimenez, Leonides Fernandez, and Juan Miguel Rodrguez Oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 or L. salivarius CECT5713, two strains isolated from breast milk of healthy women, is an efcient alternative to antibiotic therapy for the treatment of infectious mastitis during lactation.
1559 Factors Associated with Mortality in Transplant Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis
On the cover: Saint Elzear Curing the Lepers, anonymous, 3 French, ca. 1373, marble, in. (43.5 38.cm). Photo The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland. Reproduced with permission. Saint Elzear (Count of Sabran, France, 12851323), is de picted with 3 lepers whom he encountered while hunting during a stay in the Kingdom of Naples. His smooth features contrast with the marks on the faces of those aficted with the disease. Saint Elzears extensive activities with sufferers from this disease are reported in the records for the saints canonization, which described his almsgiving in a leprosarium, as well as the healing effects of his visits. Accounts from that time report that, following his departure from the room, the patients were healed and a sweet odor lled the house. Such writings during the Middle Ages served as a reminder that the strength of faith could be stronger than an incurable disease. The sculpture was created for the base of the counts tomb, constructed in 1373, in the Franciscan church of his native town, Apt, in Provence, France. (Mary and Michael Grizzard, cover-art editors)
John W. Baddley, David R. Andes, Kieren A. Marr, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Barbara D. Alexander, Carol A. Kauffman, Robert A. Oster, Elias J. Anaissie, Thomas J. Walsh, Mindy G. Schuster, John R. Wingard, Thomas F. Patterson, James I. Ito, O. Dale Williams, Tom Chiller, Peter G. Pappas, and the Transplant Associated Infection Surveillance Network In this study of 642 transplant patients with invasive aspergillosis, multiple variables associated with 12-week survival were identied. Understanding these prognostic factors may assist in the development of treatment algorithms and clinical trials.
1568 Daptomycin Exposure and the Probability of Elevations in the Creatine Phosphokinase Level: Data from a Randomized Trial of Patients with Bacteremia and Endocarditis
Sujata M. Bhavnani, Christopher M. Rubino, Paul G. Ambrose, and George L. Drusano Concordant with experimental data, minimum daptomycin concentrations exceeding 24.3 mg/L increase the probability of a patient experiencing an elevated level of creatine phosphokinase. Patients with total body weights exceeding 111 kg are at particularly high risk of exceeding such minimum concentrations.
1575 How Many Lumens Should Be Cultured in the Conservative Diagnosis of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections?
Mara Guembe, Marta Rodrguez-Creixems, Carlos Sanchez-Carrillo, Alfonso Perez-Parra, Pablo Martn-Rabadan, and Emilio Bouza To conrm by conservative procedures the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection in multilumen catheters, blood culture specimens should be obtained via all catheter lumens. Otherwise, a high proportion (15.8%37.3%) of cases will be missed.
1580 In Vitro Studies of a Novel Antimicrobial Luer-Activated Needleless Connector for Prevention of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
Dennis G. Maki Luer-activated, valved, needleless connectors readily become contaminated during clinical use and put patients at risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection. We report in vitro studies of a novel connector coated with nanoparticle-silver, which prevents downstream uid contamination and interior biolm formation.
1588 Geoclimatic Inuences on Invasive Aspergillosis after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Anil A. Panackal, Hong Li, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Motomi Mori, Cheryl A. Perego, Michael Boeckh, and Kieren A. Marr Examination of large cohorts of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients demonstrates that climatic variables differentially affect airborne spore counts and risk of invasive aspergillosis in geographically disparate centers.
1058-4838(20090615)50:12*;1-A
1598 Editorial Commentary: Geoclimatic Factors and Invasive Aspergillosis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: New Perspectives for Patient Management?
Claudio Viscoli and Elio Castagnola

PHOTO QUIZ

1635 A 48-Year-Old Man with Laryngeal Mass and Vocal Cord Palsy
(Answer on pages 16801681)
1601 Antibody Persistence after Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Immunization of United Kingdom Primary-School Children in 19992000 and Response to a Booster: A Phase 4 Clinical Trial

K. P. Perrett, A. P. Winter, E. Kibwana, C. Jin, T. M. John, L. M. Yu, R. Borrow, N. Curtis, and A. J. Pollard A clinical trial conducted among 250 children 612 years of age found that only 25% had serogroup C meningococcal antibody titers above the serological correlate of protection. The persistence of immunity and the response to booster were dependent on age at priming. A booster was very effective and should sustain population immunity.

INVITED ARTICLES

1636 EMERGING INFECTIONS The Origin and Prevention of Pandemics
Brian L. Pike, Karen E. Saylors, Joseph N. Fair, Matthew LeBreton, Ubald Tamoufe, Cyrille F. Djoko, Anne W. Rimoin, and Nathan D. Wolfe
1611 Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: An Emerging Pathogen among Older Adults in Community Hospitals and Nursing Homes
D. M. Sengstock, R. Thyagarajan, J. Apalara, A. Mira, T. Chopra, and K. S. Kaye Acinetobacter baumannii is an increasingly common nosocomial pathogen worldwide. Over the past decade, increasingly resistant strains of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii causing clinical infections have emerged. We describe the increasing prevalence of this pathogen among older adults residing in the community, nursing homes, and hospitals.
1641 REVIEWS OF ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS Treatment of Bacterial Prostatitis
Benjamin A. Lipsky, Ivor Byren, and Christopher T. Hoey

HIV/AIDS

1653 Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Immunological Failure in HIV-Infected Adults
Marianna K. Baum, Shenghan Lai, Sabrina Sales, J. Bryan Page, and Adriana Campa This study demonstrated that long-term (18-month) zinc supplementation at nutritional levels delayed immunological failure and decreased diarrhea over time. This evidence supports the use of zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy for HIV-infected adult cohorts with poor viral control.
1617 Editorial Commentary: The Pivotal Role of Long-Term Care Facilities in the Epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii: Another Brick in the Wall
Tali de Medina and Yehuda Carmeli

REVIEW ARTICLE

1619 Guidance for Isolation Precautions for Mumps in the United States: A Review of the Scientic Basis for Policy Change
Preeta K. Kutty, Moe H. Kyaw, Gustavo H. Dayan, Michael T. Brady, Joseph A. Bocchini, Jr, Susan E. Reef, William J. Bellini, and Jane F. Seward Review of literature regarding mumps indicates that the highest percentage of positive isolations and the highest virus loads occur closest to parotitis onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. Most transmission likely occurs before and within 5 days of parotitis onset.

1661 Editorial Commentary: Micronutrient Supplementation as Adjunct Treatment for HIV-Infected Patients
Saurabh Mehta and Wafaie W. Fawzi
1664 Temporal Trends in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation among Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, 19962008
Shruti H. Mehta, Gregory D. Kirk, Jacquie Astemborski, Noya Galai, and David D. Celentano Rates of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation in a community-based cohort of current and former injection drug users did not improve over time during the period 19962008. Important predictors of delayed HAART initiation included heavy injection drug use and elevated CD4+ cell count.

MISCELLANY

1629 Kissing Bugs: Potential Disease Vectors and Cause of Anaphylaxis
John H. Klotz, Patricia L. Dorn, Joy L. Logan, Lori Stevens, Jacob L. Pinnas, Justin O. Schmidt, and Stephen A. Klotz
1672 Immune Recovery after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Is Not Different for HIV-Infected versus HIV-Uninfected Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma
Cecilia Simonelli, Stefania Zanussi, Chiara Pratesi, Maurizio Rupolo, Renato Talamini, Cristina Caffau, Maria Teresa Bortolin, Rosamaria Tedeschi, Giancarlo Basaglia, Mario Mazzucato, Rosa Manuele, Emanuela Vaccher, Michele Spina, Umberto Tirelli, Mariagrazia Michieli, and Paolo De Paoli This study demonstrated that autologous stem cell transplantation in HIV-infected highly-active-antiretroviral-therapytreated patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma does not worsen the initial immune impairment and does not enhance viral replication or the peripheral HIV reservoir in the long term.

BOOK REVIEWS

1692 Clinical Virology, 3rd Edition
Edited by D. D. Richman, R. J. Whitley, and F. G. Hayden Reviewed by Celia Aitken
1692 Infectious Disease in the Aging: A Clinical Handbook
Edited by Thomas T. Yoshikawa and Dean C. Norman Reviewed by William B. Baine

1693 Books Received

ERRATUM

CORRESPONDENCE

1682 Oral Cavity Staphylococci Are a Potential Source of Prosthetic Joint Infection

Arthur H. Friedlander

1695 Solomkin et al (Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50(2):133 164) 1696 Author Index

ELECTRONIC ARTICLES

1683 Reply to Friedlander
Elie Berbari, Larry M. Baddour, Alan Carr, and Douglas Osmon
1683 Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Early Lyme Disease: More False Hope?
Raphael B. Stricker and Lorraine Johnson
Emergence of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Patients Receiving Temozolomide: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Yolanda Meije, Manuel Lizasoain, Ana Garca-Reyne, Pilar Martnez, Virginia Rodrguez, Francisco Lopez-Medrano, Rafael San Juan, Antonio Lalueza, and Jose Mara Aguado Temozolomide chemotherapy has become part of the therapy used to treat glioblastoma multiforme and refractory anaplastic astrocytoma. Temozolomide frequently produces profound lymphopenia. We report 2 cases of cytomegalovirus disease that occurred in patients receiving temozolomide therapy and review 4 additional cases reported in the literature. Narrow monitoring with cytomegalovirus antigenemia assay should be considered for recommendation. [pp e73e76]
1684 Reply to Stricker and Johnson
Todd J. Kowalski and William A. Agger
1685 Surveillance Data on Outbreaks of Clostridium difcile Infection in Ontario, Canada, in 20082009
Dylan R. Pillai, Jean Longtin, and Donald E. Low
1686 Reply to Pillai et al
Mark Miller, Denise Gravel, and Michael Mulvey
1687 Is it Safe to Proceed with Stem Cell Transplant in Cancer Patients Treated for Cryptococcal Infection? A Focus on Recent IDSA Cryptococcal Guidelines
Lizbeth Cahuayme-Zuniga and Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Predictors of Death after Clostridium difcile Infection: A Report on 128 Strain-Typed Cases from a Teaching Hospital in the United Kingdom
Vhairi Wilson, Liz Cheek, Giovanni Satta, Karen Walker-Bone, Marc Cubbon, Diane Citron, Dale N. Gerding, and Martin J. Llewelyn We assessed the relationship between strain type, clinical factors, and outcome in 128 patients with Clostridium difcile infection. Strain type was not associated with any outcome measure. On multivariate analysis, ischemic heart disease and hypoalbuminemia predicted death. Metronidazole treatment in severe disease was associated with a higher rate of treatment failure and death. [pp e77e81]
1689 In Vitro Susceptibility to Various Antibiotics of Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates in a General Tertiary Hospital in Crete, Greece
George Samonis, Dimitrios K. Matthaiou, Diamantis Kofteridis, Soa Maraki, and Matthew E. Falagas

The articles listed above are freely available in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases online (http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/cid/current).