Installation & Operation

va no s

D AS ESIG SEM NE BLE D A D I ND NT HE
PROFESSIONAL POWER AMPLIFIER AMPL
NOTICE - IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated "dangerous voltage" within the product's enclosure, that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons. The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user of the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance. the same three wire grounded connection. It is important that the blades of the equipments plug be able to fully insert into the mating receptacle. Never remove the round grounding pin on the plug in an attempt to mate to a two wire ungrounded receptacle: use a grounding adaptor with the grounding tab or wire suitably connected to earth ground. 11. NON-USE PERIODS During periods of extended non-use, the power cord should be unplugged from the power source. 12. CLEANING The equipment should be cleaned only as detailed in the operating instructions. 13. OBJECT AND LIQUID ENTRY Care should be taken so that objects and/or liquids, such as cleaning fluids or beverages, are not spilled into the enclosure of the equipment. 14. DAMAGE REQUIRING SERVICE Hafler equipment should be serviced by qualified service personnel when: A. The power supply cord or plug has been damaged, or B. Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the equipment, or C. The equipment has been exposed to rain, or D. The equipment does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance, or E. The equipment has been dropped, or the enclosure has been damaged. 15. SERVICING The user should not attempt to service the equipment beyond that which is described in the operating instructions. All other service should be referred to qualified service personnel. 16. CARTS AND STANDS The equipment should be used with carts or stands only of sufficient strength and stability for the use intended. An equipment and cart combination should be moved with care. Quick stops and starts, excessive force, and uneven surfaces may cause the equipment and cart combination to topple.
WARNING: TO PREVENT FIRE OR SHOCK HAZARD, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
READ INSTRUCTIONS All the safety and operating instructions of your Hafler equipment should be read before power is applied to the equipment. RETAIN OWNER'S MANUAL These safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference. HEED WARNINGS All warnings on the equipment and in the operating instructions are important and should be followed. FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS All operating and use instructions are important and should be followed. HEAT The equipment should be kept away from areas of high temperature, i.e., heater vents, radiators, stoves/ovens, fireplaces, etc. VENTILATION The equipment should be used in an area suitable for proper ventilation. Care should be taken not to impede airflow in and around the cabinet. WATER AND MOISTURE The equipment should not be used in or around water, such as a bathtub, sink, or swimming area. Also, the equipment should not be used in areas prone to flooding, such as a basement. POWER SOURCES The equipment should be connected only to a power source of the same voltage and frequency as that listed on the rear panel above the power cord entry point. POWER CORD PROTECTION Power cords should be arranged so they do not interfere with the movement of objects in the room: people, fan blades, utility carts, etc. Also, care should be taken that the cord is not pinched or cut, and placed so it is not in danger of being pinched or cut, as in under a rug, around a tight corner, etc.
10. POWER CORD GROUNDING The power supply cord is of a three wire grounded type, designed to reduce the risk of electric shock sustained from a live cabinet. It is assumed to be of suitable length for most uses of the equipment. The use of extension cords and power strips is discouraged unless they are of suitable rating to deliver the required total current for safe operation of all connected equipment. Furthermore, extension cords or power strips must provide
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Power Rating: FTC (20Hz-20kHz, <0.1% THD) 350 wpc into wpc into 4* 1000 wpc into 8* EIA (1kHz, 0.1% THD) 375 wpc into wpc into 4* 1050 wpc into 8*
*Continuous sine wave power limited by current rating of line fuse. Signal-to-Noise: 100dB below rated output from 20Hz to 20kHz

Frequency Response: 0.1dB, 20Hz to 20kHz +0/3dB, 0.2Hz to 100kHz Slew Rate: Input Impedance: 100 V/s 47,000 per phase
Input Sensitivity Range for rated output power: Unbalanced: 1.7V-9.5V RMS (8), 1.4V-8V RMS (4) Balanced: Gain: CMRR: Damping Factor: 0.85V-4.75 RMS (8), 0.7V-4V RMS (4)
+15dB min. / +30 max. 75dB at 1kHz 600 (to 1kHz); 200 (to 10kHz); 25 (to 100kHz)
Power Consumption: 275 VA quiescent. 1440 VA with both channels driven at 350 watts at 8, 1800 VA maximum. Controls & Switches: Front Panel: Power switch, Normal/Bridged mode switch, level controls Rear Panel: Chassis/Float ground switch, Stereo/Bi-amp selector switch Crossover: Indicators: Connectors: Variable high-pass, low-pass and bandpass; 100Hz as supplied Power lamp, Clip, Short, Thermal, Signal LEDs Input: 2-way XLR and 1/4" Tip Ring Sleeve
Output: 5-way binding posts spaced for dual banana plugs Power: IEC 320 Dimensions: 19"W x 1278"D x 2"H plus 11 8" for handles, includes rear supports (48.3cm x 32.7cm x 8.3cm plus 2.875cm for handles, includes rear supports) Net Weight: 40 lbs. (18.18kg)

CONTENTS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.... i PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS.... ii INTRODUCTION..... 1 INSTALLATION Location..... AC Line..... Input...... Input Crossover.... Input Mode Switches..... Output Connections..... OPERATION Power Switch..... Level Controls..... XCard Crossovers..... Ground Switch..... Short Circuit Protection.... LED Indicators..... Warm Up..... Cleaning and Maintenance....
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Field Service Considerations..... 6 Theory and Operation of transnova.... 6 PC Board Layout..... 7 Schematic Diagram..... 8 Parts List..... 10 P7000 Functional Block Diagram.... 12 Circuit Operation.... 13 Amplifier Module Replacement..... 16 Building Custom XCards.... 17 Resistor Chart..... 18 WARRANTY..... 19

INTRODUCTION

The Hafler P7000 is a two channel professional power amplifier suitable for use in any sound reinforcement situation where faithful, accurate reproduction is required. The amplifier uses forced air fan cooling to deliver high power output in a compact size. Status indicators on the front panel give a visual representation of amplifier and system operation. Input configuration switching and active crossovers enhance the flexibility when used in multiple amp systems, without requiring the use of additional equipment. The use of our patented transnova circuit topology and MOSFET output stage ensures reliable, long term operation which is backed by our five year warranty. This manual contains information on using the P7000 amplifiers. It is organized into three main sections. Installation covers the location and connection of the amplifier in the system. Like many precision components, careful attention to the initial setup can yield dividends in higher performance and trouble-free use. Operation covers the controls and features of the amplifiers and how to use them to get the best effect. The Technical Reference section contains field service information; in addition to the schematic and parts list there are block diagrams and circuit operation explanations useful for technicians. We strongly urge reading over the Installation and Operation portions of this manual before putting the amplifier into service. The circuitry used in the Hafler Professional power amplifiers is our transnova (TRANSconductance NOdal Voltage Amplifier, US Patent 4,467,288) circuit. The P7000 also utilizes our proprietary DIABLO (Dynamically Invariant AB Linear Operation, patent application in progress) transconductance driver stage which combines the linearity of Class A operation with the current headroom of a Class B system. When combined with the robust output stage used in the P7000, DIABLO yields lower high frequency distortion without the sonic penalties associated with increasing the negative feedback. We have been using MOSFETs in our power amplifiers since the 1970s. During this time, they proved to be extremely fault tolerant, even in abusive situations. This ruggedness enables the amplifier to drive reactive speaker loads without the performance and sound penalties imposed by elaborate Safe Operating Area protection schemes. Active crossovers are incorporated at the input of the amplifier. These crossovers are controlled through the use of our XCard plug-in modules. Each XCard can operate as a full-range, high-pass or low-pass filter with a 12dB per octave Butterworth alignment. Each channel utilizes two XCards which in combination can be configured as a 24dB per octave slope or a 12dB per octave bandpass filter. Since the XCard contains the resistors and capacitors that establish the crossover Q and frequency; specific system requirements can easily be accommodated just by changing the component values. Input configuration switches allow the amplifier to be configured for conventional stereo, two channel mono or single channel bridged use. When the amplifier is run in two-channel mono mode, the level controls and crossovers for each channel are fully functional which allows for using the amplifier as a single channel in a bi-amped system. Specialized circuits which prevent damage to the amplifiers and speakers have been carefully implemented to avoid affecting the audio signal. A soft start circuit prevents sending potentially destructive turn-on and turnoff transients to the speakers. A thermal sensing network monitors the heatsink temperature and shuts down the amplifier to protect it from excessive operating heat. The need for internal fuses has been eliminated; a sensing circuit monitors the output and shuts down the power when it detects a short in the output load. Each channel of the amplifier has been built as a self-contained module. This modular arrangement simplifies construction and improves service accessibility. The circuit board assembly makes extensive use of surface mount components in the low power portion of the audio circuitry. Automated equipment is used to place and solder the components which yields greater uniformity and reliability. The front panel has controls for input level adjustment and the power switch. In addition, LED indicators give a visual representation of the operating status of each channel. The THERMAL and SHORT indicators light to show when these protection circuits have been activated. The clip indicator helps prevent damaging the speakers by showing when the amplifier is overdriven. The SIGNAL indicator lights to show the presence of an audio signal. 1

INSTALLATION

LOCATION The P7000 uses forced-air fan cooling to remove the heat produced in normal operation. Although this makes the amplifier less sensitive to ventilation than if it were passively cooled, fresh air flow at the mounting location must still be considered. The fan pulls in fresh air through the side vents and the heated air is forced out through the front panel. Another consideration when choosing the location for a fan cooled amplifier is its proximity to the listening position. In some situations the sound of the fan operation can be distracting. The power transformer can generate a substantial magnetic field, so caution should be exercised in the placement of low level components such as a tape deck, mixer or mic preamp to avoid inducing noise in the low level circuitry. Allow several inches of clearance when mounting these components. AC LINE The P7000 operates from a 120 volt, 60Hz AC power line. Connection is made by 14 gauge, IEC Type 320, grounded line cord. For safety considerations only a properly grounded (earthed) receptacle should be used. If a grounded circuit is not available do not break off the ground pin; use the proper adapter plug for a two wire receptacle. The power line fuse is mounted on the rear panel of the amplifier. If this fuse blows replace it only with the same type and rating fuse. The correct replacement fuse value is printed on the rear of the amplifier and in the parts list. INPUT The input jacks used on the P7000 are dual function connectors which accept 1/4" (Tip Ring Sleeve) phone and XLR plugs. The amplifier will operate with either a balanced or unbalanced signal source. The connector pinout is printed on the rear panel of the amplifier. Balanced Input: 1/4" Tip Ring Sleeve The 1/4" balanced input jack is connected according to conventional usage with the Tip high (+), Ring return () and the Sleeve ground shield. Balanced Input: XLR The XLR balanced input jack is connected according to the IEC and AES Standard, with pin 2 high (+), pin 3 return () and pin 1 ground shield. When preparing to use the amplifier, check the output configuration of the source unit to maintain the proper signal polarity. Unbalanced Input Many popular mixers use unbalanced RCA phono or 1/4" phone jacks for the monitor outputs and can be used with the P7000 for short cable runs. The specifications for the mixer should give the maximum cable length it is capable of driving. The return () terminal must be grounded when using the amplifier with the input unbalanced to prevent unstable operation. Unbalanced Source with Balanced Input Some systems will have a noticeable amount of residual ground noise when run with unbalanced signal lines. Better noise rejection can be achieved in these systems by using shielded, twisted pair (balanced) cable from the unbalanced source. At the source end of the cable, connect an RCA or 1/4" phone plug with the return () wire and shield connected to the ground terminal of the plug. Wire the plug at the amplifier end of the cable the same as for the regular balanced input connection described above.

INPUT CROSSOVER The XCard crossover modules are plug-in cards located inside the amplifier. The P7000 is shipped with 100Hz XCards in each channel. Since each XCard can operate full range, high-pass or low-pass, with a 12dB per octave slope, this allows the amplifier to be used in a wide range of applications. XCards are available for a variety of frequencies from your dealer or through our Customer Service department. To order additional XCards call Customer Service at 800-669-9899. Office hours are 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. MST, Monday through Friday. All orders are pre-paid and VISA and MasterCard are accepted.
INPUT MODE SWITCHES Two-Channel Stereo To run the P7000 in two-channel mode, set the front channel NORMAL/BRIDGED switch in the NORMAL position and set the rear panel STEREO/BI-AMP switch to the STEREO position. This configures the amplifier for conventional left and right stereo operation. Dual Mono The rear panel STEREO/BI-AMP switch configures the input connection required by the amplifier. With the switch set for STEREO Channel 1 and Channel 2 require separate input signal source feeds. When the switch is set for BI-AMP the Channel 1 input feeds the signal to both amplifier channels for dual-mono operation. The level control and XCard for each channel are still active. Bridged Mono In systems with higher power requirements, the P7000 can be configured for signal channel, bridged mono operation. To bridge the amplifier, set the front panel NORMAL/BRIDGED switch to the BRIDGED position. Only the Channel 1 input and level control is used and the Channel 2 level control and XCard are not active. The speaker is connected to the RED output binding posts. When the amplifier is bridged, the output is floating. Any speaker which requires a common ground from the amplifier output cannot be used in this application. Since a bridged amplifier shares the load between the two channels, each channel will effectively drive half of the load. Therefore, for bridged operation we recommend using an eight ohm load as the minimum impedance.
OUTPUT CONNECTIONS The speaker output connectors are dual binding posts which will accept wire up to 12 AWG. They are spaced on 3/4" centers for use with dual banana plugs.

OPERATION

POWER SWITCH The POWER switch is located on the front panel of the amplifier. An internal lamp indicates when it is turned on. Standard practice is to turn the amplifier on last and off first when switching components individually to prevent sending damaging transients, generated in the source components, to the speakers. It is possible to leave the power switch in the on position and switch the amplifier remotely through a power distribution block or preamp switched outlet. When doing so make sure the switch is rated for the current required by the amplifier. LEVEL CONTROLS The input sensitivity, for each channel, can be adjusted individually using the level controls on the front panel. The gain control on an amplifier is usually fully advanced to its maximum (rated) sensitivity. In public systems where it is necessary to match levels, the knobs can be removed and the controls adjusted with your fingers or a flathead screwdriver. Cover the holes with the enclosed plugs to restrict access. INPUT CONFIGURATION SWITCHES Stereo/Bi-Amp The rear panel STEREO/BI-AMP switch controls the signal routing in the amplifier. In the STEREO position, the signal is supplied independently to Channel 1 and Channel 2. In the BI-AMP position, the signal is fed to both amplifier channels from the Channel 1 input, while retaining full use of the level controls and XCard crossovers. This allows the amplifier to be used in dual-mono or bi-amp systems without requiring auxiliary equipment. Normal/Bridged The amplifier operates in two-channel mode when the front panel NORMAL/BRIDGED switch is in the NORMAL position and the rear channel switch is set for STEREO. To use the amplifier in single channel, bridged mono applications, the front panel switch must be in the BRIDGED position. When the switch is set in the BRIDGED position, the Channel 1 (+) and () inputs are connected to Channel 2 in reversed polarity, which inverts the Channel 2 output. Only the Channel 1 input is used, and the speaker is connected to the two RED binding posts. The amplifier gain is adjusted by the Channel 1 level control; the Channel 2 control is not active. Because of thermal considerations we do not recommend using less than a nominal eight ohm load on the amplifier when running it in mono. XCARD CROSSOVERS The XCard modules contain the resistors and capacitors which control the frequency at which the card operates. The orientation of the card in the socket determines the operating mode of the crossover. The XCard is labeled to indicate the function of each face. The full range face is marked with a double arrow to show that both edges operate full range. The other face operates as either high-pass or low-pass and an arrow is printed by the function to indicate which edge to insert into the socket. Each amplifier channel uses two XCards. When both cards are set full range, the full frequency response of the amplifier is used. When one card is set full range and the other for either high-pass or low-pass, the signal is crossed over at 12dB per octave with a Butterworth alignment at the frequency determined by the card which is used. When both cards are set for the same operation, whether it is high-pass or low-pass, the signal is crossed over at a 24dB per octave slope. When one card is set for low-pass and the other for high-pass, a bandpass crossover limits the signal to the frequency range determined by the cards which are used. The slope of the filter is 12dB per octave. There is no effect on the bandpass operation regardless of which of the cards is used for the high-pass or low-pass function. Assembled XCards are available at a variety of operating frequencies. Since there will be situations which the stock cards will not satisfy, instructions for building XCards for specific applications have been included in the Technical Reference section of this manual. 4

TECHNICAL REFERENCE

FIELD SERVICE CONSIDERATIONS A primary focus during the design and development of the P7000 was to ensure the dependability of the amplifiers. The use of lateral MOSFET output transistors and the low voltage transnova input stage combined with careful component selection for the circuit assembly made the reliability goals achievable. However, a parallel effort was also undertaken to make sure any down time caused by an amplifier fault was minimized by making the amplifier technician friendly. The modular construction allows exchanging the entire operational portion of either channel quickly and easily without the need for soldering or specialized equipment. This section of the manual contains descriptions of circuit operation and block diagrams to assist technicians with component level repairs.
THEORY AND OPERATION OF transnova The transnova (TRANSconductance NOdal Voltage Amplifier) principle is based on our 1984 U.S. Patent 4,467,288. This patent describes the advantages of audio power amplifiers in which a MOSFET output stage is connected in a grounded source configuration. In this connection the output stage has its full voltage gain of typically 20dB (ten times), instead of the usual 1dB loss of voltage follower designs. The output stage is further refined into a transimpedance stage (current-to-voltage converter), to achieve extremely short loop (fast) negative feedback. The output stage is driven cooperatively by a transconductance stage (voltage-to-current converter). Using the output stage to supply voltage gain inherently increases the power gain (for the same bandwidth) of the output stage by typically ten times over the conventional follower connection, using the same MOSFET devices. This increase in efficiency allows the use of a much simpler input section than in the more common high voltage designs. The number of serial stages, from input to output can be reduced from five or more to only three. This also allows the input section to be designed with the criteria of high quality Class A line amp with the characteristic high linearity and wide bandwidth. The disadvantage of the Class A driver stage is the limited current headroom available. A conventional Class A transconductance stage has a 2:1 or 6dB limit on peak-to-quiescent current. The number of MOSFETs used in the P7000 imposes a significant capacitive load on the driver stage, enough of a load to strain the ability of the driver to deliver the required current at the high audio frequencies. Since the operation of the transconductance driver stage is a major factor in the reproduction quality of the amplifier, we developed our proprietary DIABLO (Dynamically Invariant A-B Linear Operation, patent application in process) circuit to satisfy the current headroom requirements. DIABLO does this by smoothly and continuously varying the current transfer ratios of the two transconductance paths, under the control of the signal current itself. This implementation allows the current transfer ratio of one path to be smoothly and continuously reduced to zero while the other path is smoothly and continuously increased by a factor of two. This yields an additional 14dB of current headroom to drive the MOSFETs. The result is a dramatic reduction in high frequency distortion, combined with improved ultrasonic stability. The P7000 has the highest power rating of any amplifier utilizing the basic transnova principle. Designers of systems with high power requirements can now take advantage of the natural and realistic reproduction characteristic of the transnova circuit topology.

PC BOARD LAYOUT

PARTS LIST
DESIGNATOR VALUE ALL RESISTORS IN OHMS R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 R61 R62 R63 R64 R65 R66 R67 R68 R69 56.2k, 1/4W, 1% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 47k, 1/4W, 5% 47k, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 280, 1/4W, 1% 2.15k, 1/4W, 1% 200 Trim Pot 2.26k, 1/4W, 1% 28k, 1/4W, 1% 300k, 1/4W, 5% 28k, 1/4W, 1% 470k, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 3.3M, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 604k, 1/4W, 1% 45.3k, 1/4W, 1% 2.2M, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 10k Pot, Dual 1k, 1/4W, 5% 2.2M, 1/4W, 5% 316, 1/4W, 1% 316, 1/4W, 1% 3.92k, 1/4W, 1% 3.92k, 1/4W, 1% 0, 1/4W, 1% 100, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 475, 1/4W, 1% 220, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 3.3M, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 1.5k, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 15k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 15k, 1/4W, 5% 47k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 6.8k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 2.2M, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 15k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 475, 1/4W, 1% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 2.2M, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 475, 1/4W, 1% 220, 1/4W, 5% 220, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% PART # DESIGNATOR RMP/4 5622-03 RM/4-102C RM/4-473C RM/4-473C RM/4-102C RM/4-2800C RM/4-2151C RVH-201 RM/4-2261C RMP/4-2802 RM/4-304C RM/4-2802C RM/4-474C RM/4-101C RM/4-335C RM/4-472C RM/4-103C RM/4-104C RM/4-6043C RM/4-4532C RM/4-225C RM/4-104C RM/4-104C RV-0818 RM/4-102C RM/4-225C RM/4-3160C RM/4-3160C RM/4-3921C RM/4-3921C RM/4-000C RM/4-101C RM/4-101C RM/4-4750C RM/4-221C RM/4-102C RM/4-102C RM/4-335C RM/4-102C RM/4-152C RM/4-101C RM/4-103C RM/4-153C RM/4-103C RM/4-153C RM/4-473C RM/4-103C RM/4-472C RM/4-682C RM/4-472C RM/4-472C RM/4-472C RM/4-225C RM/4-103C RM/4-104C RM/4-153C RM/4-103C RM/4-104C RM/4-103C RM/4-4750C RM/4-104C RM/4-225C RM/4-103C RM/4-104C RM/4-4750C RM/4-221C RM/4-221C RM/4-101C RM/4-101C R70 R71 R72 R73 R74 R75 R76 R77 R78 R79 R80 R81 R82 R83 R84 R85 R86 R87 R88 R89 R90 R91 R92 R93 R94 R95 R96 R97 R98 R99 R123 R124 R127 R128 R129 R130 R131 R132 R133 R134 R135 R136 R138 R139 R140 R141 R159 R164 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 VALUE 100, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 68, 1/4W 51, 1/4W, 5% 51, 1/4W, 5% 11.8k, 1/10W, 1% 20k, 1/10W, 1% 10M, 1/10W, 5% 11.8k, 1/10W, 1% 20k, 1/10W, 1% 10M, 1/10W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 2k, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 1.74k, 1/4W, 1% 6.8k, 1/4W, 5% 10k, 1/4W, 5% 15k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 22k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 22k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 4.7k, 1/4W, 5% 100k, 1/4W, 5% 2k, 1/4W, 5% 820, 1/4W, 5% 2k, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 100, 1/4W, 5% 2k, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 1.5k, 1/4W, 5% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 47.5, 1/4W, 1% 1k, 1/4W, 5% 200 Trim Pot 47.5, 1/4W, 1% 475, 1/4W, 1% 0, 1/4W, 1% 475, 1/4W, 1% 475, 1/4W, 1% 220, 1/4W, 5% 680pF, 100V 0.1F, 50V 4700F, 100V, Electrolytic 0.1F, 50V 4700F, 100V, Electrolytic 270pF, 50V 270pF, 50V 27pF, 100V 0.1F, 50V 4700F, 100V, Electrolytic 4700F, 100V, Electrolytic 4700F, 100V, Electrolytic 470F, 50V, Electrolytic 470F, 50V, Electrolytic 0.1F, 50V 0.1F, 50V 0.1F, 50V 0.1F, 50V 0.1F, 50V 0.1F, 50V PART # RM/4-101C RM/4-101C RM/4-101C RM/4-680C RM/4-510C RM/4-510C RM/10-1182B RM/10-2002B RM/10-106B RM/10-1182B RM/10-2002B RM/10-106B RM/4-102C RM/4-103C RM/4-202C RM/4-102C RM/4-102C RM/4-472C RM/4-1741C RM/4-682C RM/4-103C RM/4-153C RM/4-472C RM/4-223C RM/4-104C RM/4-104C RM/4-223C RM/4-104C RM/4-472C RM/4-104C RM/4-202C RM/4-821C RM/4-202C RM/4-101C RM/4-101C RM/4-202C RM/4-102C RM/4-152C RM/4-102C RM/4-0475C RM/4-102C RVH-201 RM/4-0475C RM/4-4750C RM/4-000C RM/4-4750C RM/4-4750C RM/4-221C CDS-681DBAA CDS-104CCDB CERS-478E CDS-104CCDB CERS-478E CDS-271CAAA CDS-271CAAA CDS-270DAAA CDS-104CCDB CERS-478E CERS-478E CERS-478E CER-477C-024 CER-477C-024 CDS-104CCDB CDS-104CCDB CDS-104CCDB CDS-104CCDB CDS-104CCDB CDS-104CCDB

PART # SS-803SM SS-803SM SS-803SM SS-803SM SS-1052 SS-0800 SS-260SM SS-260SM SS-803SM SS-260SM SS-260SM SS-260SM SS-1052 SS-260SM SS-143SM SS-143S SS-207SM SS-730SM SS-730SM CC-0233 SS-143SM CC-0233 SS-207SM

J301 SL1

SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 F1 TS1
Input Jack, Combo Dual Binding Post Binding Post Back Plate Binding Post Mounting Nut Line Cord Socket Line Cord 14/3 Surge Limiter Fuse Holder, Cap Fuse Holder, Body Fuse Holder Washer Fan, 80x25mm, 24VDC Level Control Cover Level Control Knob Adhesive Feet DPDT Slide Switch DPDT Slide Switch DPDT Slide Switch Power Switch Line Fuse, 15A Slo Blo Thermistor 10k, NTC Tranformer Rack Handle Rack Ears
CC-0588 CC-0867 HW-0908 HW-0905 CC-0918 FA-0209 FA-1000-B FS-0828 FS-0829 FS-0827 FAN-0990 HP-0878 KN-0838 HWH-169 SW-0280 SW-0280 SW-0280 SWH-152B FS-015SB SS-0426-066 TT-0958-B HW-1017-A SM-1016-C
P7000 F UNCTIONAL B LOCK D IAGRAM
XCard Current Mirror Q104, Q105 Driver Cascode Q9, Q10 Output Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33 B+ +94V
Crossover U7A Level Control R24 DIABLO R73, CR16 Q17, Q18 Bias Adjust R136 Local Feedback Balanced Signal CMRR Adjust R8 Differential Amp Q6, Q7 Feedback Network Output
Positive Input Buffer U1A

Input Buffer U2a

Negative Input Buffer U1B Crossover U7B
DC Offset Integrator U2B, C22, C21, R11
Soft Start Switch Delay Q1, C29, R13

Current Source Q103

Driver Cascode Q11, Q12
Output Q40, Q41, Q42, Q43

CIRCUIT OPERATION

transnova Implementation The transistor Q1 is configured to operate as a switch which controls the current source, Q103, of the input differential amp, Q6 and Q7. When Q1 is off the emitter voltage is low turning off Q103. Timing of the Soft Start function is controlled by the charging time of C29 through R13. The THERMAL Protection circuit uses Q1 to shut down the channel when excessive heat is detected. The OVERLOAD protection switch Q5 and Q4 turn off Q3 directly when a short is detected on the output.
U1A and U1B are buffer amps configured as unity gain, non-inverting voltage followers which feed the crossover filters U7A and U7B. The feedback components which control the crossover functions are contained on the XCard plug-in module. The output of the filters is fed to the attenuator network controlled by R24. The output of U2A and U7B is connected to the input of the differential amp. U2B is configured as a DC servo integrator to null the input offset currents. The output of the differential amp is fed to the driver stage by Q17 and Q18 which perform the DIABLO transconductance steering function. The cascode pairs Q9, Q10 and Q11, Q12 supply the signal voltage and current needed to drive the output stage Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33 and Q40, Q41, Q42, Q43. Class AB bias current is controlled by R136. Loop feedback is supplied by the network R1 and C1, and global feedback by R10, C8 and C41.

Adjusting Bias: The bias control establishes the quiescent Class AB output current of the amplifier. The bias should not need readjustment from the factory setting; however, if the amplifier is repaired and output devices have been changed, or if the two channels of the amplifier do not run at the same temperature, recalibrating the bias is necessary. Disconnect the power to the amplifier before removing the cover. To adjust the bias, disconnect the input and speakers and remove the jumper JW7. Connect an amp meter across the exposed pins. The correct polarity is marked adjacent to the jumper. Adjust R136 to get a current reading of 400mA. Calibrating Common Mode Rejection: The input common mode null is adjusted by the trim pot R8. The CMRR should be greater than 75dB below rated output. If the CMRR requires adjustment, feed the amplifier input with a common mode signal and adjust R8. Disconnect the power to the amplifier before removing the cover. Use a sinewave generator set to 1 volt output at 1kHz. Connect the generator signal output to the tip and ring of a 1/4" plug and ground to the sleeve. Plug this into the amplifier input. Connect an AC voltmeter to the amplifier output binding posts. Adjust R8 to give the lowest voltage output from the amplifier. For a temporary adjustment when a signal generator and voltmeter are not available, use an FM tuner and tune it to an unused station as your signal source, and connect the output to the amplifier as described above. Connect the amplifier output to a small full range speaker. Turn the amplifier level controls full down and turn the amplifier on. Turn up the level control until you hear a signal through the speaker. Alternate between adjusting R8 for the lowest output signal and increasing the input control until you have the level control full. There should be a very low output from the amplifier if any is detected at all.

Fan Speed Regulation

Driver U9A

Temp TS1, R25

Fan Drive Amp Q20, Q19

Trip Switch U9B

Cooling air for each channel is provided by a DC fan. The fan is configured to track the heatsink temperature, and increases in speed as the amplifier runs hotter. The heatsink temperature, Temp, is determined by the voltage divider TS1 and R25. When the amplifier is turned on the fan will stay off until the Temp voltage exceeds the reference voltage on pin 6 of the Trip Switch U9B and drives the output high to turn on the Fan Drive Amplifier, Q20 and Q19. The Driver U9A is configured as a linear amplifier and controls the output of the Fan Drive Amp to vary the fan speed.

Output Short Protection

Clip Detector U3A

Drive Signal

Comparator U3B

Shut Down Switch Q5, Q4

Clip Detector U4A Short Latch U4C, CR14
Comparator U4A Output Signal

Short Indicator CR1

The Short detector monitors the Drive Signal and Output Signal levels and shuts down that channel when a shorted output condition is detected. Recovering from the Short protection requires turning the amplifier off to reset it. The Clip Detectors U3A and U4B monitor the Drive Signal and change state when the drive signal level is sufficient to clip the output stage. The output of U3A goes high when the drive signal exceeds the clip threshold, and is connected to the input of U3B. If the output signal voltage is not sufficiently positive during a clip event the output of U3B goes low. The output of U4B goes low when the drive signal exceeds the clip threshold, and is connected to the input of U4A. If the output signal voltage is not sufficiently negative during a clip event the output of U4A goes low. This condition, indicating high drive voltage and low output voltage, can occur only when the output is grounded. If the output of comparator stage U3B or U4A is low for the time sufficient for C26 to charge, then U4C latches low activating the Shut Down Switch Q5 and Q4, and lighting the indicator CR1. The output of U4C is held low by CR14 and will reset only after the power is turned off. 14

Thermal Protection

Soft Start Switch Q1

Comparator U5B

THERMAL Indicator CR2
The Thermal protection is activated, and shuts down audio operation, when the amplifier heatsink reaches an excessively high temperature. The voltage divider R22 and R23 establishes the reference voltage on pin 5 of U5B. The control voltage, Temp, on pin 4 is established by the voltage divider TS1 and R25. TS1 is a NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor, mounted on the heatsink. As TS1 warms and the resistance falls, the voltage on pin 4 rises. When the voltage on pin 4 exceeds the voltage on pin 5, the output on pin 2 goes low, shutting down the Soft Start switch Q1 and lighting the THERMAL indicator.

Clipping Indicator

Clipping Detector U5A

LED Driver U5C

CLIP Indicator CR3
The CLIP indicator is driven by the buffer U5C which is controlled by the comparator U5A. The voltage divider R56 and R57 established the reference voltage for the clipping detector at pin 7 of U5A. The reference voltage scales the output of U5A to indicate when the Drive Signal, at pin 6, demands in excess of the available voltage or current of the output stage. The output of U5A is stretched by R55 and C30 to prevent the CLIP indicator CR3 from flickering. Hysteresis is applied to the LED driver U5C by R53 to stabilize the output during input transitions.

Signal Present Indicator

Amplifier Output

Signal Detector U5D

LED Driver Q8

SIGNAL Indicator CR4

The SIGNAL indicator is controlled by the comparator U5D and the transistor Q8. The amplifier output is connected to the input pin 9. The voltage divider R58 and R59 scales the output voltage to change the comparator output state at an equivalent input voltage of 30mV. The output at pin 14 controls the transistor Q8 to shunt across and turn off the LED CR4. 15
AMPLIFIER MODULE REPLACEMENT The amplifier modules have been designed to eliminate the need for a special workplace if a field exchange becomes necessary. All wire connections are made with quick connect terminals so soldering is not necessary. The following tools are needed to disassemble the amplifier: Allen wrench, 9/64 Phillips screwdriver, #1 tip Thin nose pliers Small cutters Remove the four Phillips head screws, located on the rear panel, which secure the input jacks. Remove the six 9/64 Allen screws that hold the cover. These are located along the top edge, two on each side and two on the rear. Lift the cover from the rear and remove it. Remove the level control knob. The wire harnesses have been bundled for neatness. Cut the ties to free the bundles. Disconnect the red and black output wires from the binding posts and the fan and power wires from the amplifier drive card. Disconnect the transformer secondary wires from the bridge rectifier and PC board. Unplug the gray mono cables. The heatsink is attached to the chassis by three screws, two outside and one inside. Remove the two 9/64 Allen screws on the bottom edge of the side of the amplifier. Remove the Phillips screw located behind the level control, which is accessible through the hole in the PC board. The module can now be lifted from the chassis. Prepare a new Channel 1 module for installation by setting the input mode switches to the default position according to the markings adjacent to the switches. Prepare a Channel 2 module by duplicating the switch settings of the module which was removed. Install the new module and check the position and alignment of the indicator LEDs. Replace the level control knob and check the alignment while securing the module. Plug in the gray mono cables. The headers are marked with the proper position for Channel 1 and Channel 2. The plugs are oriented so the cable will fit properly in one direction only. Reconnect the remaining wires according to the following chart. Wire Color Red Black Orange (two) White Red Blue White/Blue Blue (two) Function Audio Output Output Ground High Voltage AC High Voltage Center Tap High Voltage DC Positive High Voltage DC Negative Low Voltage Center Tap Low Voltage AC Terminal Red Binding Post Black Binding Post Bridge Rectifier AC CTI + Red BLUE CT2 LV1, LV2

BUILDING CUSTOM XCARDS The XCard crossover control modules used in the P7000 are a versatile and inexpensive method for configuring the amplifier for a wide range of system applications. The XCard eliminates the need for an external crossover or expensive plug-in accessories for multiple amp applications. By having the crossover built into the amplifier input circuit and with the XCard containing all the components controlling the operating frequency, it is very simple to customize to meet system specific requirements. Each amplifier, as supplied, has two 100Hz Butterworth aligned XCards each of which contains two resistors and two capacitors to control the crossover frequency. The XCard will operate as either a highpass or low-pass filter, depending upon its orientation. The following tools are needed to build the XCards: Soldering Iron (appropriate for PC board work) Solder (suitable for electronics) Desoldering Braid Our tests have shown that for operating frequencies at 100Hz and lower using 0.047F capacitors results in more linear crossover control. For frequencies above 100Hz use 0.022F, the voltage rating should be a minimum of 10V. Use 1/8 or 1/4 watt 1% metal film resistors. Solder the components to the card according to the following diagram.

Crossover Card

C1 R1 C2 R2 C1 R1 C2
High Pass Low Pass Full Range
RESISTOR CHART The following charts list the resistor values to use for common crossover frequencies. Butterworth Alignment Q =.707
1% resistors used with 0.047F capacitors Frequency 20Hz 25Hz 30Hz 35Hz 40Hz 45Hz 50Hz 55Hz 60Hz 65Hz 70Hz 75Hz 80Hz 84Hz 90Hz 200Hz 300Hz 400Hz 500Hz 600Hz 700Hz 800Hz 900Hz 1kHz 1.2kHz 2kHz 3kHz 4kHz 5kHz 6kHz 7kHz 8kHz R1 169k 133k 110k 95.3k 84.5k 75k 68.1k 61.9k 56.2k 52.3k 48.7k 45.3k 42.2k 40.2k 37.4k 16.9k 11.3k 8.45k 6.65k 5.62k 4.75k 4.22k 3.74k 3.40k 2.8k 1.69k 1.10k 422 R2 169k 133k 110k 95.3 84.5k 75k 68.1k 61.9k 56.2k 52.3k 48.7k 45.3k 42.2k 40.2k 37.4k 16.9k 11.3k 8.45k 6.65k 5.62k 4.75k 4.22k 3.74k 3.40k 2.8k 1.69k 1.10k 422

Butterworth Alignment Q =.707
1% resistors used with 0.022F capacitors Frequency 20Hz 25Hz 30Hz 35Hz 40Hz 45Hz 50Hz 55Hz 60Hz 65Hz 70Hz 75Hz 80Hz 85Hz 90Hz 200Hz 300Hz 400Hz 500Hz 600Hz 700Hz 800Hz 900Hz 1kHz 1.2kHz 2.0kHz 3.0kHz 4.0kHz 5.0kHz 6.0kHz 7.0kHz 8.0kHz R1 357k 287k 237k 205k 178k 162k 143k 130k 121k 110k 102k 95.3k 90.9k 84.5k 80.6k 35.7k 23.7k 17.8k 14.3k 12.1k 10.2k 9.9k 8.6k 7.15k 6.04k 3.57k 2.37k 1.76k 1.43k 1.21k 1.02k 909 R2 357k 287k 237k 205k 178k 162k 143k 130k 121k 110k 102k 95.3k 90.9k 84.5k 80.6k 35.7k 23.7k 17.8k 14.3k 12.1k 10.2k 9.9k 8.6k 7.15k 6.04k 3.57k 2.37k 1.76k 1.43k 1.21k 1.02k 909
To calculate the resistor value for a frequency not on the chart use the following:
3386 = R (in k) for.047f cap fo 7234 = R (in k) for.022f cap fo
The actual formula is: R =

1 2foc

Where: R = fo = desired crossover frequency c = capacitor in farads ex:.047 x 10-6 for.047mf cap

SERVICE POLICY

LIMITED WARRANTY
If you encounter any difficulty or have any question concerning your P7000 Amplifier, please call our Technical Support Department weekdays, 8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., Mountain Standard Time, at 800-743-3526. Should you have any doubts as to whether the amplifier is malfunctioning and requires service, please call us before sending it in for repair. All units being returned (regardless of warranty status) must receive a Return Authorization (RA) number. In addition, we can offer troubleshooting assistance that may simplify or even eliminate the need for factory service. The Hafler P7000 Amplifier is warranted to the original owner (non-transferrable) for seven years from the date of purchase, including parts, labor, and return shipping costs within the Continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. This warranty applies only to products sold in the United States of America. For warranties outside the U.S.A., please contact your local agent. It is the owners responsibility to pay shipping (preferably United Parcel Service, UPS) to the factory: collect shipments will not be accepted. Units under warranty should be accompanied by a copy of the dated Bill Of Sale. Use the original carton and all packing material, with the RA number clearly marked on the outside of the package. Be sure to include a return address, the RA number, a daytime telephone number, and a brief description of the difficulty, including whether it occurs continuously or intermittently. This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may also have other rights which may vary from state to state.
HAFLER PROFESSIONAL A DIVISION OF ROCKFORD CORPORATION 546 SOUTH ROCKFORD DRIVE TEMPE, ARIZONA 85281 U.S.A. IN U.S.A. (602) 967-3565 IN CANADA, (604) 942-1001 IN EUROPE, FAX (49) 4207-801250 IN JAPAN, FAX (81) 559-79-01265

MAN-0963-B 9/95

channel 1

channel 2

Bridged Mono Normal

sig na l cli pp ing

sh ort the rm

A m p l i f i e r

FEATURES

CIRCUITRY

trans nova Amplifier Topology MOSFET Output Devices DIAMOND Driver Stage Electronic Fuse Dual Internal Fans Active Crossovers

DESCRIPTION

MADE HE
CONTROLS & INDICATORS
3.5 Rack Mount (2-rack spaces) Stereo/Bridged Mono/Biamp XLR or 1/4 Balanced Inputs Gold-Plated 5-Way Binding Posts Power Lamp, Signal, Clip, Thermal, Short LEDs 1dB Incremental Gain Controls Chassis/Float Ground Switch Gain Control Security Covers Rack Mount Handles Serviceable Modules
The P7000 transnova DIAMOND (patent pending) amplifier is the most powerful and versatile amplifier Hafler has ever made! It features Jim Stricklands transnova circuitry (patent #4467288) and his brilliant discovery, Dynamically Invariant AMplification Optimized Nodal Drive. The DIAMOND transconductance driver stage combines the linearity of Class A operation with the current headroom of a Class B system resulting in a significant advancement in the art of power amplifier design. The sonic result of all this unique technology is very easily heard. The P7000 presents a deep, wide sound stage with incredible musical transparency and detail. Hafler One for All! Both powerful and flexible, the P7000 features active crossovers controlled by our XCard plug-in modules (2 per side) making the P7000 ideal for bi-amping and a variety of sound reinforcement applications. Haflers new DIAMOND and transnova circuitry topology in the P7000 represents a great sonic advancement over the successful PRO5000, confirming once again Haflers dominance as the amplifier of choice to power large studio reference monitor speakers. The P7000 is also an excellent choice for cinemas wanting the best possible amplification to reproduce todays demanding motion picture sound tracks. Amazingly, the P7000 is excitingly appropriate as an amplifier for instruments like bass guitar and keyboards because of its punch, control, and musicality. Whether used for Sound Reinforcement or fixed installs, Hafler delivers an experience that no other amplifier can match. Sonics for Audiophiles made bulletproof for the road!

WARRANTY

7 Year Warranty

sh or t the rm

CAUTION:
For continued protection against risk of fire, replace with same type and rating of fuse.
15A SLO BLO 120VAC/60Hz 1500W MAX

4-8 CH 2

8 Mono

4-8 CH1

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

Stereo
Chassis Biamp Float Audio Ground

Bridged Mono:

Set Switch to Bridged Mono Use CH 1 input ONLY Set Gains and Crossovers on CH 1 ONLY

XLR Connections

WARNING:
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
Phone Connections Low-Pass

CH 1 (Mono/Biamp)

XCard Side View S/N

Stereo:

Set Switches to Stereo and Normal Connect Input Signals to CH1 and CH2 Set Gains and Crossovers independently

Biamp:

Set Switch to Biamp and Normal Use CH 1 input ONLY Set Gains and Crossovers independently

Crossovers:

Remove Cover Configure Crossovers as shown Each XCard provides 12dB/octave LP or HP in series

High-Pass

Full Range
A Division of Rockford Corp. Tempe, AZ 85281 U.S.A. Designed & Assembled in the U.S.A.

SPECIFICATIONS

Power Rating... 350 Watts/channel @ Watts/channel @ 4* 1000 Watts bridged/mono @ 8* Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).. <0.2% (20Hz-20kHz) Signal-to-Noise... 100dB A Weighted Full Power Bandwidth... 0.2Hz to 100kHz (+0/3dB) Slew Rate... 100V/s CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio)... 75dB at 1kHz Input Impedance... 47k per phase balanced Gain... +15dB min. / +30dB max. Input Sensitivity Range.. 850mV to 4.75V (@ 8) per phase balanced 700mV to 4V (@ 4) per phase balanced Damping Factor... 600 (to 1kHz) 200 (to 10kHz) 25 (to 100kHz) Power Consumption.. 200W / 2.3A @ 120VAC (idle power) 470W / 5.2A @ 120VAC (1/8 power 8) 1100W / 12A @ 120VAC (max. power 8) Indicators.. Power, Signal, Clipping, Thermal, Short Dimensions... 19W x 1278D** x 312H (2-rack spaces) (48.3cm x 32.7cm x 8.9cm) Net Weight.... 40 lbs. (18.18kg)

*Continuous power limited by current rating of line fuse. **plus 11/8 for handles
ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS SPECIFICATIONS
The audio power amplifier shall be solid state design employing 16 lateral power MOSFET output devices. It shall be constructed on a 16 gauge steel chassis utilizing forced air cooling and be technician friendly using modular construction. Each channel shall be rated for a minimum of 350 watts into an 8 ohm load and 500 watts* into a 4 ohm load with both channels driven. In bridged mono mode, the amplifier shall produce at least 1000 watts* into an 8 ohm load. A switch shall be provided for stereo or bridged mono operation and all power ratings shall be measured from 20Hz-20kHz with less than 0.2% THD. The amplifiers back panel shall provide Balanced inputs via combination XLR and 1/4 phone jacks. The back shall also utilize gold-plated 5-way binding posts for output connectors and a switch to isolate or connect the signal ground to the chassis ground. Each amplifier channel shall incorporate dual 2nd order Butterworth crossovers. The amplifier shall include a 3-wire grounded AC line cord and UI power transformer operating on 120V/60Hz AC mains. An optional transformer for 230V 50-60Hz operation shall be available. The amplifiers front panel shall provide level controls with optional security covers. The front shall also incorporate a lighted main power switch and indicators for each amplifier channel. The indicators shall display signal present when 30mV of signal is detected, signal clipping when distortion rises above 1%, thermal protection should the heatsink temperature become excessive, and short circuit protection in case a problem on the speaker system arises. The amplifier shall fit standard 19 EIA rack mounting requirements utilizing 2rack spaces and have handles. The dimensions shall be 19 Wide, 1278 Deep**, 312 High, and be finished in black with a net weight of 40 pounds. It shall be a Hafler P7000.

L U C A S F I L M