Not For Resale Free Download at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/joechan/manuals
You are the owner of a LEICA
We hope that you will obtain as much enjoyment from it as all the many LEICA fans in every country of the globe.
As a LEICA owner you have the benefit of a universal photographic system, which also covers the technical and scientific field. In its widest sense, it includes the well-known LEITZ enlargers and LEITZ miniature projectors. The projected image, huge, luminous, and realistic, reveals the full beauty of your colour photographs, and never fails to fascinate you and your friends. May your LEICA be a constant source of pleasure to you.
Yours sincerely ERNST LEITZ WETZLAR GMBH

Contents

Page Description of the LEICA M 4-2..4 Fitting the carrying strap.6 How to hold the LEICA..6 The bright-line measuring viewfinder.8 The field-of-view selector..10 The rangefinder..12 The rapid transport lever, release button, and shutter speed dial..14 The depth-of-field scale..15 The distance scale. The aperture scale..16 Taking out the lens. Inserting the lens.17 Flash synchronization..18 Flash table..19 Inserting the film...20 Removing the film..21 Looking after your LEICA and its lenses..22
Page The LEICA system The exposure meter..23 The interchangeable lenses..24 LEICA M 4-2 winder..25 VISOFLEX. Focusing bellows.26 Lens hoods. Cases.27 Enlargers...28 Projectors...29 LEITZ Service..30 LEICA Fotografie Magazine..30 LEITZ Information Service..31 LEICA School..31
1 Automatic frame counter 2 Shutter release button 3 Rapid transport lever 4 Film rewind release 5 Shutter speed dial 6 Rangefinder window 4
7 Lens bayonet lock 8 Red locating knob for lens insertion 9 Accessory shoe with flash contact 10 Depth-of-field scale 11 Distance scale 12 Aperture scale
13 Window illuminating the bright-line frames 14 Field-of-view selector 15 Viewfinder field window 16 Folding rewind crank 17 Carrying-strap eyelets 18 Measuring-viewfinder eyepiece
Baseplate lock Contact bush for flashbulbs Contact bush for electronic flash units Film indicator (takes ball-pen writing) with DIN/ASA comparison scale 23 Tripod thread A (")
Fitting the carrying strap
The eyelets (17) are provided for fitting the carrying strap. Release the double d-back length of leather from the round part of the shackle, push off both metal parts and hook them in the eyelets of the camera in opposite directions. Thread the leather holders through the slots in the metal parts and secure them with the round part of the shackle.

How to hold the LEICA

For steady three-point support hold your camera with your right hand, your index finger resting on the release button, your thumb on the rapid-transport lever. The left hand either supports the lens from below, ready for quick refocusing, or it grasps the camera. In addition press the camera against your forehead. For upright views all you have to do is to rotate the camera through 90. The position of your hands is the same as for horizontal views. You can also rotate the camera in the opposite direction, then you must use your thumb to release the shutter.
The bright-line measuring viewfinder The bright-line measuring viewfinder of the LEICA M4-P has been designed to combine the functions of a coupled rangefinder and of a viewfinder of outstanding quality. Whatever you see within the bright frame will appear on your exposed film. The bright-line frame is coupled with the rangefinder so that the parallax - the difference between the lens axis and the viewfinder axis - is automatically compensated. The measuring field, brighter than the surrounding field, is located in the centre of the viewfinder field. All the lenses of
21-135mm focal length are coupled with the rangefinder on insertion in the LEICA. When lenses of 28 (from serial No. 2314921), 35, 50, 75, 90 and 135 mm focal length are inserted, the appropriate brightline frames will automatically appear in the viewfinder image in the combinations 28 + 90mm, 35 + 135mm, and 50 + 75mm.

The field-of-view selector
The field-of-view selector (14) functions as a universal viewfinder; it enables the LEICA owner at any time to reflect into the viewfinder field the frames outlining the fields-of-view other than that of the lens that happens to be in the camera. Lever outward: field-of-view frames for 35 and 135mm focal lengths. Lever inward: field-ofview frame for the 28 and 90 mm focal lengths. Lever in the middle position: fieldof-view frame for the 50 and 75 mm focal lengths. 10

The rangefinder

The measuring field of the rangefinder appears in the centre of the viewfinder as a bright, sharply outlined oblong. If you block the large field window (15) of the viewfinder, only the reflected bright-line frame and the measuring field remain visible. Focusing can be carried out according to the coincidence or to the splitimage method.
Coincidence (double image) focusing: in portraiture, for instance, focus on the highlight in the sitter's eye. Observe the subject through the viewfinder and rotate the lens until the double contours in the measuring field coincide. Split-image focusing: Sight an edge or any other clearcut line; if you find that this line is offset sideways as it enters the measuring field, rotate the lens until the line becomes continuous as it passes from the viewfinder- into the measuring field and out again. This method is to be preferred because of its superior accuracy. 12
The rapid winding lever (3) at each full lever movement transports the film through one frame, winds the shutter and advances the frame counter to the next number. The film can also be transported by several short strokes of the transport lever. ( = film plane indication). The release button (2) has a thread for a cable release (Code No. 14067). It should be pressed smoothly, without a jerk, until its soft click indicates that the shutter is released.
The shutter speed dial (5) controls the shutter speed and can be set either before or after the shutter is wound. It clicks home at every engraved speed value and except for the range between 8 and 15 any intermediate speeds can be set and are fully effective. At the "B" setting the shutter remains open as long as the release button is pressed. The dial must be set at 1 the symbol = /50 sec. when electronic flash is used.

The LEICA lenses have a fixed ring with depth-of-field scale (10), a rotatable ring for setting the focusing distance (11) and an iris diaphragm ring (12).

The distance scale

The distance scale (11) indicates the distance on which the lens is set, and, in connection with the depth-of-field scale (10), the extent of the depth of field. The distance is also important to the calculation of the guide number during the use of flash equipment. down; the values have been chosen so that the quantity of light reaching the film is halved every time the lens is stopped down one step. One aperture step is equivalent to one step on the shutter speed dial (5) regarding the adjustment of the light quantity to which the film is exposed. Like the shutter speed dial, the lens diaphragm ring clicks into position opposite each number (some diaphragm rings also at half values). This will enable you, after some practice, to identify the setting of the diaphragm even in the dark.

The aperture scale

The aperture scale is internationally laid

The depth-of-field scale

The lens reproduces at maximum sharpness the plane, parallel to the film, on which it is focused. This maximum sharpness falls off gradually towards the front and rear; within a certain depth, then, the subject will appear sharp. This depth of field depends on the camera distance, the focal length of the lens, and the lens stop set. Stopping down the lens increases, opening it up decreases the depth of field. The depth-of-field scale indicates the depth-of-field zone for the object distance on which the lens is focused. With the 50mm SUMMICRON f/2 focused on 5m (16ft, Sin), sharpness at f/4 extends from 4m to about 8m (13ft. 4in to about 26ft. Sin). However, if you stop down to f/11 at the same focusing distance, sharpness will extend from 3m to about 20m (10ft. to about 67ft.).

Inserting the lens

The red knob on the lens mount (8) must face the red dot on the camera body. After a short turn to the right the lens will engage in the bayonet mount with a click. Change lenses in the shade (e.g. of your own body). Remove the lens cap before you take pictures.

Taking out the lens

Grip the rear, fixed ring (10) of the lens. Depress arresting button (7), rotate the lens to the left and take it out.

Flash synchronization

The LEICA M 4-P accepts all flash units on the market with standard flash plugs (coaxial plug) or with accessory-shoe contact. The bushes for the cable connection of flash units are arranged on the back of the camera. Flashbulbs are connected to the left-hand bush (20) marked "M", and electronic flash units on the right-hand bush marked "X" (21). Flash units and adapters without cable connection can be connected through the "X" flash contact in the accessory shoe (9). Flash cubes and certain types of flash-bulb are fired through the X contact bush. The table on the right offers information about the various possibilities. Three flash units may be used simultaneously through the 3 flash connections.

Electronic flash AG 1

Flash Cubes

( = /50)

AG 3 M Flashbulbs 2

B B /30

XM 1 PF 1 M B B /60

Flash table

XM 5 PF M 5 3

B B /125 B B /500

GE 5 25
X = Contact or accessory shoe electronic flash M = Contact for flashbulbs

Inserting the film

First make sure, by turning the rewind crank (16) in the direction of the arrow, that the camera is empty. If you feel any resistance, proceed as described on the following page. Take the camera in your left hand, base- plate facing you. Pull out the toggle in the baseplate (19), turn it to the left, and re- move the baseplate. The film lead must be trimmed like that of all films sold in cartridges.
Take the cartridge or cassette in your right hand and insert it about halfway into the space provided for it in the camera, grip the film lead, and pull it into the take-up spool*. Push film cartridge and lead into the camera with the palm of your hand. Hinge the baseplate on to the lug at the side of the camera, close it, and lock it by means of the toggle (19). The baseplate is designed so that after it is fixed on the camera it adjusts the film in its correct position. Transport the film through two frames and release the shutter. Tension the film after the second shutter-wind by rotating the rewind crank (16). The film is transported correctly if the rewind crank (16) turns against the direction of the arrow during film transport. After the third shutter-wind the automatic frame counter (1) points at 1 and the camera is ready for action.
* Only at temperatures below freezing must the film be inserted in the LEICA according to the diagrammatic representation, i.e. the film lead must be caught by only one slot of the take-up spool; any portion protruding through the second slot beyond the take-up spool is liable to break off at low temperatures. In normal conditions the film lead can be threaded through the take-up spool until it touches the wall of the housing.
Removing the film After the exposure of the last frame the rapid transport lever (3) can no longer be moved. The film must now be rewound. Move the lever (4) to "R". Unfold the rewind crank (16) and rotate it in the direction of the arrow until the film is wound back into the cassette. Open baseplate and remove the film cassette.

If the film is not securely attached to the cartridge spool, e.g. when bulk film is used, the film is liable to tear off, when it will have to be removed from the take-up spool. Remove the baseplate of the camera in a completely dark room. Hold the camera with the open bottom facing downwards. Actuate the rapid transport lever slowly several times until the film protrudes from the camera far enough to be gripped by hand and taken out. If necessary, tap the camera against your hand slightly to assist this movement.
Looking after your LEICA and its lenses LEICA lenses act like burning glasses if the LEICA lies with the lens face upwards in full sunlight. You must therefore protect the housing and the shutter by putting on the lens cap or keeping the camera in a case, or in the shade. Each lens has, in addition to its type, its "personal" serial number engraved on it. You should make a note of this number as well as of the serial number of the camera engraved on the top of the LEICA. This can be very helpful indeed in case of loss or theft. The coating of LEICA lenses, together with the use of special UV-absorbing cement, achieves effective exclusion of ultraviolet light. This ensures consequently that all lenses possess the same colourtransmitting properties, irrespective of focal length. The external anti-reflection coatings are wipe-resistant. Dust should be removed with a soft sable brush, a piece of cotton cloth (e.g. a handkerchief) washed several times, or lens tissue. Special cleaning cloths, such as are used for the cleaning of spectacles, are not recommended, as they are chemically impregnated and might attack the lens surface (glass used for spectacles has a composition different from that of optical glass for high-quality lenses). A colourless UVa filter can be left permanently on the lens, where it will protect the front element from external influences, e.g. of sand or sea water spray on the beach. The lens hood, too, protects the lens from accidental finger marks and raindrops. Protect your precious lenses with the appropriate lens caps.

The LEICA system

Exposure meter
The LEICAMETER exposure meter can be coupled with the LEICA M 4-P for aimed exposure measurement. The clearly outlined measuring field of the LEICAMETER corresponds to the picture area of the 90mm LEICA lenses. Independently of the lens in the camera it can be reflected into the field of view with the field-of-view selector (14) at anytime.

Interchangeable lenses

Besides the lenses of 28 to 135 mm focal lengths the LEICA owner has a whole range of interchangeable lenses of shorter and longer focal lengths at his command. The optical units of the 135 mm lenses can be unscrewed and used for ground-glass screen focusing with the VISOFLEX 3 and on the Focusing Bellows 2.

The LEICA-Winder

A winder for automatic shutter-wind and film transport for single frames of up to 3 fps can be connected to the LEICA M 4-P. It is attached to the bottom of the camera housing in place of the baseplate. The winder is suitable for all shutter speeds from 1 to /1000sec including B. When the winder is disconnected or the batteries are exhausted the film and the shutter can also be wound manually. Remote control via the cable release bush.

VISOFLEX

The long-focal-length telephoto lenses of 200mm focal length and more, the 65mm ELMAR f/3.5, and the optical units of the 135 mm lenses are used in conjunction with the groundglass screen of the VISOFLEX attachment. Here as in macro-photography a groundglass screen offers genuine advantages. Further details are contained in our list 1603.

The focusing bellows

The Focusing Bellows II permits the use of almost all the LEICA lenses. High magnifications are possible with the 35 and 50mm lenses, with the 90mm lenses the reproduction range from 30 to 1:1, and with the 135 mm lenses the continuous focusing range from o" to 1:1,5 is obtained. Our list No. 1601 contains further information.

Lens hoods

Various lens hoods of functional design are available for the range of LEICA lenses. Some of them can be reversed on the lens. To the long-focal-length lenses the lens hoods are permanently attached and can be extended like a telescope. The lens should never be used without a lens hood, which offers effective protection against stray light and flare, as well as against rain drops and finger marks.

Camera cases

For the LEICA with standard lens the everready case (Code No. 14546) is recommended. In addition, combination cases are available for extensive photographic outfits.

Reproduction

Enlargers
A high-quality camera such as the LEICA calls for an enlarger of matching performance if this quality is not to be wasted. LEITZ have offer two well-tried top-quality models with automatic focusing, the 35mmonly FOCOMAT V 35 enlarger for the 35mm format only, and the FOCOMAT lie accommodating all film formats from 12x 17mm to 6 x 9cm. For detailed information please consult our Lists No. 170019 and 170015.

Projectors

A large selection of projectors is available depending on the user's preference and purposes. They are extremely convenient to operate and can be adapted to a versatile range of uses. The most outstanding common characteristic of all LEITZ projectors is their unsurpassed optical performance coupled with traditional LEITZ precision. Please ask for descriptive literature.

LEITZ Service

In cases of damage our After-Sales Service is at your disposal. Address: Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH Technical Service Department P.O.B. 2027 D-6330 Wetzlar Germany or your national LEITZ Agency. Each LEICA camera is accompanied by a list of the LEITZ Agencies. Cases of damage are settled according to the International LEITZ Guarantee.

Read "LEICA FOTOGRAFIE"
Enclosed with every LEICA is a free voucher for sample copies of "LEICA FOTOGRAFIE", the topical magazine of 35mm technique, available in German, English, and French. Please forward the completed voucher direct to: LEICA FOTOGRAFIE Umschau Verlag Stuttgarter Strasse 1824 D-6000 Frankfurt/Main Germany 30
The LEITZ Information Service
The LEITZ Information Service is available from 8 to 12 a. m. and 1 to 4 p. m. from Monday to Friday, telephone (06441) 292436, and will answer all questions connected with 35mm photography, projection, enlarging techniques and binoculars. Letters should be addressed to: ERNST LEITZ WETZLAR GMBH Information Service P.O. Box 2020 D-6330 Wetzlar Germany

The LEICA School

The LEICA School is part of the service given by Leitz. It was established to meet the wishes of many committed photographers to receive a thorough further grounding in the fields of photography, projection, and enlarging. The courses offer the members a comprehensive photographic programme and many suggestions, items of information, and pieces of practical advice. Further information and booking forms obtainable from ERNST LEITZ WETZLAR GMBH LEICA-School P.O. Box 2020 D-6330 Wetzlar Germany
Not For Resale Free Download at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/joechan/manuals Not For Resale Free Download at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/joechan/manuals

95625_MSystem_U_en

19.09.2006

13:46 Uhr

Seite 3

M-System 2 / 3

09/06/CEGW/B

Leica M System

The fascination of the moment analog and digital LEICA M8 new LEICA M7 LEICA MP Leica la carte

Heine/Lenz/Zizka

Seite 4
24 x 36 Leica M photography portfolio Leica M System LEICA M8 new Simon Wheatley uses the LEICA M8 LEICA M7 LEICA MP Leica la carte LEICA M7 entry set Leica M lenses Accessories Technical Data LEICA M8 Technical Data LEICA M7/MP 24 x 36 Leica M photography portfolio

95625_LEI771_MSystem_en

13.09.2006

15:00 Uhr

Seite 1
24 x 36 Leica M photography portfolio
Leica M pictures are unmistakable. They represent a very individual style of photography they have the power to strike a chord, fascinate and surprise. In 1925 the Leitz company defined the 24 x 36 mm miniature format with the camera developed by Oskar Barnack. Since then, reportage photographers have used their discreet and fast Leica M cameras to shape our view of the world. 24 x 36 is the title of an exhibition of current work by M photographers. This brochure includes some of the images, representing outstanding examples of how Leica cameras can be used to develop a conscious vision and design, to highlight intensive involvement in a theme and to convey personal messages from the heart of everyday life. The photo galleries on the Internet show you how photography is developing right now with the new digital LEICA M8. The www.leicacamera.com website features a continuously changing selection of exciting new M8 pictures.

Seite 2

PHILIPPE BORDAS (France) From the series LAfrique Poings Nus, The title of the work Africa with Bared Fists indicates what it is all about sport at grass roots level. Sport as a medium of social advancement. For several years, Philippe Bordas observed, interviewed, photographed and created portraits of young boxers in Kenya and wrestlers in Senegal. The result is not classic reportage, it is a true epic, combining both color and the traditional stylistic device of black and white, and incorporating letters and small drawings as well as diary notes. Bordass book of the same name and his exhibition in Paris proudly demonstrate his enthusiasm for the theme. Not to mention being a great example of a new concept in documentary photography. Cameras : LEICA M4-P, LEICA M6 / Lenses : LEICA SUMMICRON-M 35 mm f/2 ASPH., LEICA SUMMICRON-M 50 mm f/2 Courtesy of Philippe Bordas
24 x 36 Leica M photography portfolio 2 / 3
JOHAN WILLNER (lives in Stockholm) Priego de Cordoba, 1996 (from the Point Blank series completed in 2003) What sets young photographers like Johan Willner apart is their familiarity with the history of the medium. They have definite role models in mind photographers who show them the way to achieve their own extremely personal and dedicated photographic art. For Johan Willner, it is Robert Frank. More than his imagery, what the Swede aims to emulate is his quest to replace the idea of photographs as documents with complex yet intelligent and subjective visual commentaries. Willner studied at the ICP in New York in 1995/96. His work appeared in exhibitions in Stockholm, Lund and Orlans and, in 2004, he was undoubtedly one of the most notable talents in the portfolio reviews in Madrid (Photo Espaa). Camera : LEICA M4P / Lens : LEICA SUMMICRON-M 35 mm f/2 ASPH.
ALEX WEBB (1952, San Francisco lives in Brooklyn/New York) Outskirts of Tijuana, 1995 In Alex Webbs photographs, it is hot. At least it normally is. The titles of his books bear witness to this. Hot Light (1986) was his first. Under A Grudging Sun (1989) was his second. His third was called From The Sunshine State (1996). Actually, to be more precise what matters to Webb is not heat but the specific character of Southern light its interplay with hard shadows is the raw material for his intensely colored, sometimes downright graphic imagery. A full member of Magnum since 1979, within the agency Webb stands for a newly discovered interest in color that has emerged since the 1970s. Numerous prizes, including the Leica Medal of Excellence in 2000, have constantly reaffirmed the excellence of his photography, which effortlessly bridges the gap between magazines (GEO, Life, Stern) and the gallery. Camera : LEICA M6 / Lenses : LEICA ELMARIT-M 28 mm f/2.8, LEICA SUMMICRON-M 35 mm f/2 ASPH. Courtesy of Alex Webb/Magnum Photos

Seite 14

Seite 15

M System 14 / 15

The best lenses produce the best pictures
The design and construction of the extremely compact Leica M lenses concentrate on a single goal : enabling the best possible quality of analog or digital photography. Their unsurpassed performance is due to the fact that Leica engineers devote all their efforts and innovation to finding a clear, straight-line optical solution. This often involves just a few lens elements, as few obstructions as possible to get in the way of the light. This natural design, realized using top quality glass types and state-ofthe art production techniques, creates pictures with an unmistakable character. These pictures not only demonstrate the quality of the contrast and resolution, they also show structure, richness of tone and natural expression, even under difficult lighting conditions. Photographers also appreciate a Leica lenss zero backlash and silky smooth focusing. This quality comes from the experience and skill of our optical and precision mechanics experts, who manufacture each individual lens. Unlike indus-trial, mass-produced lenses, every Leica lens meets optimum quality standards that photographers can truly depend on.
The performance of Leica lenses is based on state of the art technologies : aspherical lenses allow an extremely compact construction with maximum performance. So-called floating elements (movable lens groups) ensure excellent reproduction at close range. Apochromatic correction on telephoto lenses guarantees brilliant images with no color fringing. Sophisticated features to suppress reflections improve the contrast and visibility of details in the shadows. The result is that the full capabilities of a Leica lens are always available, even at maximum aperture. With Leica lenses, stopping down is only necessary to increase the depth of field. Craftsmanship and High Tech The outstanding quality of Leica lenses is not just the result of state of the art technology the craftsmanship and experience of our precision mechanics and optical specialists is indispensable. For example, the spirals on each lens are individually ground. This results in zero backlash and silky smooth focusing even under extreme temperature conditions for decades to come.

Seite 16

Seite 17

M System 16 / 17

Back in the 1950s, Leica engineers demonstrated their foresight by creating a timeless standard with the Leica M bayonet. This guarantees system compatibility, even with todays digital M8. Because this standard has been maintained, almost all M lenses can be used on the digital Leica model. However, system compatibility does not mean standing still it is all about evolution. The new 6 bit-coding means that the LEICA M8 can identify the lens type fitted and use this information to set up subsequent shots. Compatibility does not stop with the bayonet it also applies to the extensive range of accessories. Even the choice of JPEG and DNG (RAW data format) as the digital image formats on the M8 is designed to ensure image quality, future compatibility and secure archiving of the digital data. More than ever, choosing the M system means choosing lasting values.
Fifty years of compatibility
Leica is geared up for the future, yet at the same time maintains its principle of system compatibility. The 1954 bayonet and the current 6 bitcoded bayonet were produced decades apart but there is nothing to separate them. The new, extended M bayonet allows all non-coded lenses to be used on the M8. Likewise, the new 6 bit-coded lenses can be used on analog M cameras with no restrictions.

The 1954 Bayonet

The 2006 Bayonet

Seite 18

Seite 19

M System 18 / 19

Not many things last a lifetime. A Leica M often lasts longer Anyone taking photographs is normally at the heart of life. In
the heat or cold, in the rain or dust. The M needs to be durable, reliable and robust under all conceivable conditions. The question of durability is always a top priority in the development of a new M model. This is why only premium materials are used for its body : brass for the top and base plate and a high-strength magnesium alloy for the chassis. The digital technology components are also carefully selected to withstand years of use. Sophisticated production techniques and painstaking assembly guarantee decades of reliable operation, allowing photographers to enjoy their Leica M for as long as possible. For a lifetime in fact, often even by the next generation.
Enduring quality Precision is the yardstick for production of a Leica. And no product leaves the Leica factory before all critical production steps have been rigorously tested. Products that can still be maintained after several decades are a genuine luxury these days, yet the Leica Customer Service department can still maintain and repair every M camera that has ever been produced.
Optimum materials The sturdy top and strong base plate are cut from solid brass blocks using modern methods and are then given a black or silver chrome finish. The enclosed all-metal body is made of a high-strength magnesium alloy to ensure durability in professional use.

Seite 20

Seite 21

LEICA M/ 21

LEICA M8 The digital M
Many Leica photographers dreams have now come true : The LEICA M8 has opened up the Leica M system for digital photography. It is a totally new direction. It not only looks like an M model, it faithfully embodies all the advantages of the analog Leica M system to provide sophisticated and creative digital photography. It is the only professional digital camera to use the beneficial rangefinder system, which is discreet, quiet, fast and accurate. And the uncompromising quality criteria of the M system have been applied to the M8 unchanged. Full compatibility with almost all M lenses means that their unique performance can now be used to take digital pictures. The low-noise CCD image sensor with a resolution of 10.3 million pixels has been specially integrated into the compact lens design, ensuring optimum picture quality. The operation and functionality of the digital M concentrate on what is essential. Useful additional functions provided by digital technology complement the proven M concept. The LEICA M8 is the first timeless digital camera Made in Germany. Excitingly new and yet comfortingly familiar.

Seite 22

A genuine M. No ifs or buts. The LEICA M8.
The compatibility principle The lenses recognized as the best in the world demonstrate their full capabilities on the LEICA M8. The extremely high resolution of all M system lenses since 1954 make them perfect for digital photography. The M8 quite deliberately has no resolutionreducing moir filter in front of the sensor to maintain the full performance of the lens.
Maximum resolution The low-noise CCD image sensor has been consistently optimized for the special features of the M lens system and provides an excellent resolution of 10.3 million pixels. The special sensor adaptation with micro-lens offset prevents problematic vignetting in the corners of the picture. An exceptionally thin cover glass prevents unwanted refraction of light rays striking the sensor obliquely.
Full light efficiency The highest film speed settings of up to ISO 2500 now allow much more detailed pictures to be taken than was ever possible with analog films. As a result, the M8 opens up a new chapter in the history of available light photography.

Seite 23

LEICA M/ 23
Digital and durable The M8 is designed to deliver professional results over many years. The enclosed all-metal body is made of a high-strength magnesium alloy. The top and base plates are cut from solid brass blocks and then given a black or silver chrome finish. DNG technology is used, as this raw data format is future-proof and guarantees secure long-term archiving.
Precisely focused and intuitive During development of the M8, there was a consistent attempt to only incorporate those digital options that are relevant from a photographic perspective. It retains the basic range of functions, such as aperture priority and manual focus and combines them with the proven Leica rangefinder principle. A simple and intuitive menu system allows the settings to be changed on the 2.5" monitor by pressing just a few buttons.

Seite 26

Concentrate on the picture. Not on the controls.
The operating concept of the M8 is the result of a great deal of care, many years of experience and an in-depth understanding of how professional photographers work. By concentrating on what is essential, we have made the user interface simple, clear and intuitive. We have deliberately avoided function keys with multiple uses and complex menu structures on the LEICA M8.
Simple, intuitive operation Operation of the digital functions centers on the combined direction pad and dial, which can be used for fast navigation. Pressing the Set key opens the exposure parameter menu on the 2.5" monitor. Here, you can quickly check and adjust the crucial settings : 1. Sensor sensitivity, 2. Exposure compensation, 3. White balance, 4. Data compression and 5. Resolution. There are three blank slots in the memory for profiles, allowing you to retrieve frequently used combinations for specific applications. Pressing the Menu key takes you to the clearly structured system menu, where you can change some of the basic settings that are permanently applied, for example the ECI RGB, Adobe RGB and sRGB color space options. You can also specify whether you want your pictures to appear on the large display immediately to review them, how long they will be displayed for and whether a tonal value histogram appears.
A display on the left-hand side of the top plate constantly shows the remaining capacity of the SD card and the lithium-ion battery. This elementary photographic information is thus available at a glance at all times.
Sensor cleaning The LEICA M8 has a special function for manually cleaning the sensor. When you select the corresponding option in the menu and press the shutter release, the shutter remains open while cleaning is in progress. The low depth of the M camera makes the sensor more easily accessible than on digital reflex cameras, for example.

Seite 27

LEICA M/ 27
Excellent protection The battery and the SD card slot are located under the base plate, which is cut from solid brass and provides effective protection from dust and moisture.
Tonal value histogram As a professional digital camera, the LEICA M8 provides an RGB tonal value histogram. This can be called up at any time to check the exposure of saved pictures and can also be combined with the automatic review function. Another useful feature is the additional marking of overexposed sections of an image known as the clipping warning. The particular ad-vantage of this is that these two control tools are constantly updated constantly updated when zooming in on the LCD display, allowing the quality of even the finest image details to be assessed. Pressing the Info function key displays all of the photographic settings from the quick menu and additional meta-information saved with the image file this enables you to completely evaluate a picture as soon as you have taken it.

Seite 40

The LEICA M7 in detail
ON/OFF switch Ergonomically positioned right next to the shutter release, it is used to start up the cameras electronic features. For the first two seconds after switching on, the speed of the loaded film is automatically shown in the viewfinder display. In the OFF position, it locks the shutter release, preventing unwanted exposures.
Flash In addition to TTL (through the lens) flash exposure metering, the LEICA M7 features two more specialist technologies a fill-in flash, useful in many situations to brighten a subject in daylight and HSS (highspeed synchronization) with shutter speeds of up to 1/1000 second. In this case, the exposure and flash are set manually. To obtain a more natural image at very long exposures with the fill-in flash, the flash on the LEICA M7 can be fired to coincide with the second shutter curtain. These functions are available in conjunction with specially equipped Metz flash units.
DX coding The LEICA M7 features automatic film speed setting, finally making accidental bad exposures caused by incorrect ISO settings a thing of the past. Of course, the film speed can also be entered manually if preferred.

Seite 41

LEICA M7 / LEICA MP 40 / 41
LEICA MP. Mechanical precision. And nothing else.
Nowadays, the monitor screen on a digital camera is the most popular way of looking at the world around us. Often unnoticed by users, this can result in alienation from the subject, as it is the artificial image of the subject that they look at, not the subject itself. Things are very different with the LEICA MP. The act of taking a photograph becomes the vivid and direct experience it originally was, making rangefinder photography a new, exciting and sensual experience in our world of digital imagery. Both optically and technically, the Leica MP has been reduced to what is absolutely essential. As a purely mechanical alternative to the LEICA M7, which with its electronically controlled shutter and aperture priority mode offers greater convenience and more features, the LEICA MP is intuitive to operate and leaves all decisions and settings to the photographer. It is the very essence of precision mechanics, and its development and production are the result of nearly 75 years of experience in manufacturing mechanical rangefinder cameras. This masterpiece opens up a world of memorable experiences from the moment you pick it up. It offers more than just a short-term thrill this is a camera for a lifetime.

Seite 42

Seite 46

Masterpieces by experienced specialists
Adjusting the rangefinder Experienced specialists employ precisely defined processes to ensure that the rangefinder, the viewfinder frame and the viewfinder displays are accurately calibrated.
Fitting the top plate The top plate is made of 1 mm thick brass and protects all the parts underneath it, even from very heavy loads.
Cutting the leather The leather is punched out with high precision tools, individually adapted to each type of leather.

Seite 47

Leica la carte 46 / 47
Final shutter speed testing Every function of each Leica la carte model is tested again after final assembly.
Fitting the surface-mounted parts The controls are fitted in a classic or functional style, as requested.
Laying out the engraving The engraving on Leica la carte cameras is carefully laid out by an experienced craftsman using lacquer.

Seite 48

You can now choose a LEICA MP or M7 that is totally different from the standard look and choose the features that meet your own functional, aesthetic and practical requirements. It starts with the color of the top plate and your choice of trim from a range of naturally tanned leather types. Camera cases and carrying straps are available in matching leather. You can choose the viewfinder frame that best suits your preferred lenses and even the viewfinder magnification is up to you : choose from the universal 0.72 x magnification, the 0.58 x wide-angle version suitable for users wearing glasses or the 0.85 x telephoto version. When it comes to the controls,
Your Leica Purely individual
M7, silver chrome finish, folding advance lever
MP, silver chrome finish, traditional controls
MP with angled rewind button, nappa racing green
M7 in smooth red calf leather with logo
MP with straight rewind button, black chrome finish, MP leather

M7, vulcanite, no logo

Seite 49

Leica la carte 48 / 49

you can opt for more robust or faster models depending on your needs. Meanwhile, personal engravings such as signatures, drawings or family coats of arms make your Leica totally distinctive. With more than 4,000 possible combinations, even unusual requests can be met. Make your dreams a reality. Do you want an unusual look or a discreet appearance? What fits best for you? Whether you are a professional photographer or a collector, you will find your ideal camera here. Examine, feel and choose the individual components at your Leica dealer. Or play around with the different configurations beforehand with our Internet configurator at www.leica-a-la-carte.com

Individual viewfinder frame here the 50mm frame in the 3 different viewfinder magnifications.
M7, engraved like M3, black lacquer
MP with individual engraving, silver chrome finish

Seite 50

One more reason not to wait : The LEICA M7 entry set.
An attractive set that makes your choice easier and provides you with an introduction to the professional world of Leica. It includes a black LEICA M7 and the LEICA SUMMICRON-M 50 mm f/2 lens and allows you to take your first easy steps into the M system. Your first camera is made just for you and has all the benefits of an initial purchase.
The LEICA M7 and the fast standard focal length of the LEICA SUMMICRON-M 50 mm f/2 are a combination that can be used almost anywhere. The lens features outstanding image quality even at the very fastest settings. This compact and handy set is a reliable companion for any situation. The LEICA M7 entry set is avail-able at an attractive price from your Leica dealer.

Seite 51

LEICA M7 entry set / Leica M lenses 50 / 51

Leica M lenses

are considered by many professional photographers to be the best in the world and captivate users with their incredibly compact form. Lens design consistently follows the principle of achieving maximum optical performance at full aperture with minimum dimensions. This enables photographers to make creative use of selective focus at the widest apertures. Leica allows light to take a relatively simple route through the lens. This often calls for special types of glass that are difficult to work with and other manufacturers shy away from. But the extra effort certainly pays off with our small, lightweight lenses that contain just a small number of elements. Thanks to their high resolution and the extraordinarily high level of correction, almost all Leica M lenses produced since 1954, particularly the modern ones, are suitable for use on a digital camera. Each individual lens is precision ground and meticulously polished. The focusing helicoid is ground by hand with a great deal of feeling and guarantees silky smooth focusing with zero backlash in a temperature range from -20 C to +60 C. We have built up our expertise over decades and the use of high-tech coating systems, aspherical technology (ASPH) and apochromatic correction (APO) are just some of the secrets of Leicas manufacturing in Solms. Manual lens centering ensures ultra-sharp pictures right into the corners and the final complete inspection confirms the outstanding quality. Photographers can rely on this for every individual Leica M lens.

Ever ready case for M with LEICAVIT-M Holds a LEICA MP with rewind crank and all other analog M cameras with a LEICAVIT-M fitted. Durable saddle leather Order no. 14 856
Protector Protects the camera body in tough conditions and improves the ergonomics when holding the camera. With a gap for the 2.5" display on the LEICA M8. Black nappa calf leather. Order no. M8

Seite 58

Camera carrying strap la carte in traditional narrow design in all Leica la carte leather types, matching individually produced Leica la carte cameras : Black saddle leather Order no. 14 453, Naturally tanned leather cognac Order no. 14 454, Nappa racing green Order no. 14 456, Box red calf leather Order no. 14 457, Dark brown calf leather Order no. 14 458, Lizard look, black Order no. 14 465, Ostrich look, black Order no. 14 466, Ostrich look chestnut Order no. 14 467, Nappa bordeaux Order no. 14 468, Blue calf leather Order no. 14 469

M8 M7 MP

Wide camera carrying strap in black saddle leather. Wide neck section provides optimum comfort when carrying, non-slip due to micro-velvet on inside. Order no. 14 455
Hand grip M8 Improved comfort when holding the camera for a long period or when using heavier, higher-speed lenses. Silver Order no. 14 472, black Order no. M8
Hand grip M For secure and comfortable holding of all analog Leica M cameras (except LEICA M5) ; with central tripod thread. Order no. M7 MP
LEICAVIT-M Compact, mechanical quick wind that is attached in place of the base plate and provides a handy extension to an analog LEICA M camera. The LEICAVIT-M is available in black lacquer or with black or silver chrome finish and can be used with all LEICA MP, M7, M6TTL, M6, M4-P and M4-2 models. Black lacquer Order no. 14 009, Black chrome finish Order no. 14 450, Silver chrome finish Order no. M7 MP

Seite 59

Accessories 58 / 59
LEICA MOTOR M Extremely compact and handy battery-powered motor drive for analog M cameras. Attach to camera Fitted in place of camera base plate and mechanically coupled to camera. Exposure frequency Choice of 1.5 or maximum of 3 frames per second. Shutter release Using camera shutter release. Motor and gear train Specially designed DC motor with extremely low noise friction drive and additional noise reduction at an exposure frequency of 1.5 fps. Power supply Two 3 V lithium batteries, type 123 A, housed in the ergonomically designed grip. Capacity (under Leica testing conditions) Minimum 100 36-exposure films at 20 C. Housing High grade fiberglass-reinforced molded material, brass (next to camera), aluminum (battery housing), steel (chassis). Tripod thread A 1/4 x 20 inch centrally located under lens axis. Dimensions (W x H x D) 138 x 78 (with hand grip)/18.5 (to bottom edge of camera) x 5 mm. Weight Approx. 225 g (without batteries). Order no. (Not suitable for use with lenses with viewfinder attachment)

Cable release, 25 cm long with set screw. Order no. M8 M7 MP Cable release, 50 cm long with set screw. Order no. M8 M7 MP
Tabletop tripod with three folding legs, tripod thread A 1/4, DIN 4503 (1/4"). Order no. M8 M7 MP
Large ball and socket head with A 1/4 DIN 4503 (1/4") tripod thread. Order no. M8 M7 MP
Battery Powerful rechargeable lithium ion battery, specially designed for the specific properties of the M8. Continuous monitoring of relevant battery data (e.g. temperature, remaining capacity) guarantees reliable and convenient operation. Prevents damage caused by short circuits. Rated voltage 3.7 V, Capacity 1900 mAh. Order no. M8
Battery charger Lithium ion charger, can be used almost worldwide either in a car (12-24 V) or at mains voltages of 100-240 V due to the interchangeable connector system. It uses a special interface to communicate with the battery in use and can detect different battery statuses. A totally discharged battery is pulse charged to reactivate it without losing its capacity. Temperature monitoring and pulsed float charging are among the other measures used to maintain the capacity of the lithium ion battery. Order no. M8

Seite 62

Technical Data LEICA M8
Camera Order no. Camera Type Image sensor

LEICA M8

silver 10 702

black 10 701

Compact digital viewfinder/rangefinder system camera for professional usage with Leica M lenses. Micro-processor controlled metal-blade slotted shutter. Low-noise CCD sensor specially tailored to the requirements of the M lens system. Pixels : 10.3 million. Dimensions : 18 mm x 27 mm. Extension factor : 1.33 x. Aspect ratio 3:2. Moir-Filter no, full utilization of lens performance. Moir detection and elimination in digital signal processing. Manual setting from ISO 160/23 to ISO 2500/35 Viewfinder principle Large light bright line frame viewfinder/rangefinder with automatic parallax compensation. Viewfinder lens optimal visibility of all bright line frames whatever the lighting situation. Eyepiece Coordinated to -0.5 dpt. Correction lenses available from 3 to +3 dpt. Image field limiter By activating two bright lines each : for 24 and 35 mm/28 and 90 mm/50 and 75 mm. Automatic Automatic activation when lens is screwed in. With the image field selector each pair of the bright lines can be activated manually, so simulating each focal length. Parallax compensation The horizontal and vertical difference between the viewfinder and the lens is automatically compensated according to the focusing distance used, i.e. the viewfinder bright-line frame automatically aligns with the subject detail recorded by the lens. Magnification 0.68 x (with all lenses). Large basis range finder Combination of split and superimposed image range finder shown as a bright field in the centre of the viewfinder image. Effective measurement basis 47.1 mm (mechanical measurement basis 69.25 mm x viewfinder enlargement 0.68 x). Lens connection Leica M bayonet with additional optical scanning device for the identification of all 6 bit-coded lenses. Lens system Current 6 bit-coded Leica M lenses with a focal length of 1690 mm. Almost all Leica M lenses with a focal length of 2190 mm manufactured from 1954 can also be used without 6 bit-coding. 6 bit-retrofitting possible for virtually all lenses. 6 bit-functions Lens-dependent reduction of system-specific vignetting. Identification of picture file with lens information to simplify digital archiving. Coordination of flash reflector with motor zoom flash units. Auto slow sync function with automatic mode. Automatic mode (Auto) Automatic determination of correct shutter speed with manual aperture preselection with relevant viewfinder display. Manual exposure Independent selection of shutter speed and aperture camera exposure check visible via LED light balance shown in the viewfinder. Picture-taking modes S Single frame picture-taking, for one shutter release whenever shutter is pressed C Continuous shooting with 2 pictures per second and 10 picture in series. Automatic release mode Selectable with either 2 s and 12 s visualization of delay time via one of the LEDs visible from front of camera in viewfinder window. Front of housing Lens release ; image field selector Top of housing Main switch and shutter release ; shutter speed setting dial, status LCD display : indication of number of frames remaining and residual battery capacity. Rear of housing 2.5" color monitor, setting ring for navigation in menu and magnifier function in 4 levels ; 4 x direction buttons for navigation in menu and in image details, Menu button, Play button, Delete button, Protect button, Info button Bottom of housing Locking base plate protects the battery and SD memory card from dust and moisture. 2.5" bright LC display with a resolution of approx. 230,000 pixels for image reproduction and menu selection. Brightness control in 5 levels. Control options after picture-taking : General quality evaluation of exposure control via RGB tone value histogram with identification of light image details without detailing (can also be used with zoom-in), control of sharpness of focus, display of quality parameters selected and display of lens focal length used (with current 6 bit-coded lenses). Image view sizes : 9 thumbnails, 4 thumbnails, single frame display as well as magnification in four levels up to 1 pixel to 1 pixel view. Pressing the Set button allows the following parameters relevant to the picture to be changed and selected : User profile, Sensor sensitivity, Manual exposure compensation, White balance, data format, picture resolu-tion. Main menu Pressing the Menu button allows settings such as color monitor contrast or selection of color space to be made in the Main menu. Menu languages German, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Chinese. DNG : 3916 x 2634 pixels (10.31 MP), JPG : 3936 x 2630 pixels (10.35 MP), 2952 x 1972 pixels (5.8 MP) 1968 x 1315 pixels (2.6 MP), 1312 x 876 pixels (1.15 MP). DNG (Digital Negative Format not specific to any camera manufacturer), 2 different highly compressed JPEG levels DNG file information 16 bit-color resolution, 10.2 MB file size per picture SD cards up to 4 GB The following Internet page includes a list of SD memory cards fully compatible with the LEICA M8 : www.leica-camera.us/photography/m_system/m8 Automatic, 6 presettings, manual white balance, color temperature input from 2,000 K to 13,100 K.

Sensor sensitivity range Viewfinder

Lenses

Exposure control

Picture-taking modes

Controls / display elements

Color monitor

: Picture parameters menu / Main menu
Picture resolution Data formats Storage medium

White balance

Seite 63

Technical Data 62 / 63

Color spaces Viewfinder display
AdobeRGB, sRGB, ECI RGB. LED symbol for flash status, four-digit seven-segment LED display with dots above and below (display brightness always adjusted to ambient brightness) for : display of automatically determined exposure time with automatic mode, indication of use of metered value storage, warning of exposure compensation, warning that metering range is overshot or undershot with automatic mode and display for counting down exposure times longer than 2 s, warning about capacity when SD card is full. LED light balance with two triangular LEDs and one center circular LED as an aid when setting exposure manually. LED light balance with two triangular LEDs and one center circular LED for adjusting exposure Underexposure by at least one aperture stop. Underexposure by 1/2 aperture stop. Correct exposure. Overexposure by 1/2 aperture stop. Overexposure by at least one aperture stop. Triangular LEDs give the direction of rotation of the aperture setting ring and for the shutter speed setting dial to adjust the exposure. LEDs flash as a warning when metering range is overshot or undershot.

Metering

TTL metering heavily center-weighted with preset working aperture. Measurement principle Measured by light reflected by a white blade in the middle of the metal-blade slotted shutter. Metering range EV 0 to EV 20 at room temperature 20 C, aperture 1.0 and ISO 160/23. Measurement cell Silicon photo diode with collection lens, positioned at center lower edge, on bottom of camera.
Flash exposure metering and control Principle of M-TTL Flash technology Connection Flash sync time An extremely short metering preflash activated immediately before the picture is taken is used to measure the output light required for the exposure. M-TTL Guide Number Control with metering preflash via accessory shoe SCA 3502 (from version M4) or with flash LEICA SF24D. Fast 1/250 s provides for creative open aperture photography even with bright ambient light. Manual flash sync times from B (bulb) to 1/250 s Automatic mode Auto slow sync: automated extension of longest flash exposure time to rule of thumb 1/focal length in seconds. (only with 6 bit-coded lenses). Selection of long flash sync times e.g. up to 1/8 s for balanced flash with available light shots with automatic mode. Can be switched to either first or second shutter curtain (with appropriate flash unit, e.g. LEICA SF24D or when using SCA-3502 adapter). 3 1/3 EV in 1/3 EV stages adjustable at SCA-3501/3502 adapter. With LEICA SF 24D 3 EV in 1/3 EV stages or 0 to 3 EV in 1 EV stages adjustable with computer control.

*For the possible combinations, the bright line frames (pairs) displayed in each case and further details of the equipment options in the Leica a la carte range, please refer to our homepage: www.leica-a-la-carte.com

Seite 67

Seite 68
BRUCE GILDEN (1946, Brooklyn/New York lives in New York City) From the Go series, 19952000 Although he is now a regular member of the Magnum agency, Bruce Gilden is anything but a traditional reportage photographer. His role models could be William Klein or Diane Arbus. There is no doubt that Gilden was inspired by Leon Levinstein, whose interest in people and unusual physiognomy he shares. Gilden looks for his subjects in everyday urban life, and he sometimes attempts to further increase the visual radicalism of bizarre situations by combining daylight and flash lighting. Go, his series about petty criminals, prostitutes and Mafiosi taken in Japan between 1995 and 2000 (see Leica World 2/2001) is certainly Gildens best work of this type to date. Camera : LEICA M6/Lens : LEICA ELMARIT-M 28 mm f/2.8 Courtesy of Bruce Gilden / Magnum Photos

Seite 69

24 x 36 Leica M photography portfolio 68 / 69
JEFF MERMELSTEIN (1957 New Brunswick/New Jersey lives in Brooklyn/New York) From the Side Walk series, 19871999 Jeff Mermelstein, winner of the coveted 1999 European Publishers Award is someone who represents a whole new generation of documentary photographers. They are no longer satisfied with simply documenting reality. When they set out to find pictures preferably in an urban setting they do so with a distinct and more or less rigid concept in mind and with an uncompromising style that is at odds with the great exponents of the craft. In Mermelsteins case, these could be Leon Levinstein or Garry Winogrand. Except that Mermelstein works exclusively in color and resolutely emphasizes the theater of everyday life, with all its comedy and tragedy. In his most recent book No title here (2003), Mermelstein is once again a subtle chronicler of everyday surrealism. Camera : LEICA M 6/Lens : LEICA SUMMICRON-M 35 mm f/2 ASPH. Courtesy of Jeff Mermelstein