FOR PROPER AND SAFE USE

Read and understand all warnings and cautions before using this product.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

WARNING

Batteries may become hot or explode due to improper use. Use only the batteries specified in this instruction manual. Do not install the batteries with the polarity (+/) reversed. Do not subject batteries to fire or high temperatures. Do not attempt to recharge (except for rechargeable batteries), short, or disassemble. Do not mix batteries of different types, brands, or ages. Tape over lithium battery contacts to avoid short-circuit when disposing of batteries, and follow local regulations for battery disposal. Keep batteries or things that could be swallowed away from young children. Contact a doctor immediately if an object is swallowed. Immediately remove the batteries and discontinue use if. the product is dropped or subjected to an impact in which the interior is exposed. the product emits a strange smell, heat, or smoke. Do not disassemble. Electric shock may occur if a high voltage circuit inside the product is touched. Take your flash to a Minolta Service Facility when repairs are required.

CAUTION

Do not touch the flashtube during operation, it may become hot when the flash fires.

CONTENTS

NAMES OF PARTS...6 BASIC OPERATION INSTALLING BATTERIES...10 Checking Batteries...11 ATTACHING AND REMOVAL...12 AUTO POWER ON/OFF AND FILM..13 P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS..14 EXPOSURE MODES...17 A Mode Flash...17 S Mode Flash...17 M Mode Flash....18 Flash Sync Speed..18 APPLICATIONS FLASH COVERAGE...20 Zoom Flash Coverage (AUTO)..20 Zoom Flash Coverage (MANUAL)..21 Wide Angle Adapter...22 BOUNCE FLASH...23 HIGH-SPEED SYNC [HSS]..26 WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH MODE [WL]..28 AF ILLUMINATOR...35 TIME TO AUTO POWER OFF..36 APPENDIX USE IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS..39 FLASH RANGE...42 CAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING..44 PERFORMANCE...46
Thank you for purchasing our product and for taking time to read your owners manual. This flash unit is designed and manufactured solely for use with the Minolta Maxxum/Dynax/DiMAGE series cameras. It cannot be attached to other Minolta cameras. Performance when used with cameras from other manufacturers cannot be guaranteed. Minolta takes no responsibility for accidents or malfunctions due to use with such cameras. The information in this manual is relevant for products introduced before September 2003. Contact the nearest authorized Minolta Service Facility to obtain information for products released after this date.

This mark below the flashtube certifies that this product meets the requirements of the EU (European Union) concerning interference causing equipment regulations. CE stands for conformit Europenne (European conformity).

NAMES OF PARTS

Flash Unit Diagram
Please peel off the protective film on the front of the flash.

Control Panel

Flashtube Wireless/Remote flash lamps (28) Wireless/Remote control-signal receiver (28) Mounting-foot-release button (12) Auto lamp (14) Manual-zoom lamp (21) Flash-on lamp (13)
AF illuminator (35) Mounting foot
Zoom (flashcoverage) lamps (21)

Bounce indicator (23)

Flash-off lamp (13) High-speedsync lamp (26)
Flash-ready lamp (15) Flash on/off button (13) Bounce lamp (23) Wireless/Remote flash button (28)
Battery-chamber door (10)
Zoom (flash-coverage) selection button (21)

Control panel (7)

High-speed-sync button (26)

Low-battery lamp (11)

Wide Angle Adapter (22) Figures in brackets after each item indicate the relevant page.
This manual covers the PROGRAM/MAXXUM FLASH 3600HS (D) as attached to one of the following cameras. Maxxum 9, 7, 5, 4, 3, 800si, 700si, 600si, 400si, 300si, XTsi, HTsi, STsi, QTsi Dynax 9, 7, 5, 4, 3, 3L, 800si, 700si, 600si, 505si, 505siSuper, 500si, 500siSuper, 404si, 303si, 300si DiMAGE A1, 7Hi, 7i, 7, 5 When attaching to another Maxxum series camera, a Dynax series camera, a Vectis series camera, or a Dimge series digital camera, read the main section of this manual while referring to Use in Combination with Other Products on page 39.

BASIC OPERATION

The section explains preparations for use of the flash, and the basic details of taking photos.
Automatic flash generates a flash only as necessary. Fill flash generates a flash with each photo.

INSTALLING BATTERIES

BATTERIES
The 3600HS (D) may be powered by : Four AA-size alkaline batteries Four AA-size lithium batteries Four AA-size rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries Always ensure that rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries are charged in the specified charger unit.

Checking Batteries

The low-battery lamp will light or blink on the control panel when the batteries are low. We recommend replacing the batteries. The low-battery lamp at the rear of the unit is lit when batteries are low, but flash can be used.
1. Open the battery-chamber door as shown.
2. Insert the batteries according to the diagram in the battery chamber.
When the low-battery lamp blinks at the rear of the unit, the batteries need to be replaced. Flash cannot be used. Insert new batteries.
3. Close the battery-chamber door.
The indicator lamps are lit on the control panel. Press the flash on/off button if it is not lit.
Check the orientation of the batteries if nothing glows when the flash on/off button is pressed.

ATTACHING AND REMOVAL

Attaching To The Camera
Push the mounting foot firmly onto the camera until it stops.
The flash is locked in place automatically. If the built-in flash in the camera is raised, lower it before fitting the flash unit.
AUTO POWER ON/OFF AND FILM

Auto Power On

Power is supplied to this flash automatically (auto power on) in the following situations.
When the camera is used with the flash attached. When the flash on/off button is pressed.

Flash on/off button

Removing From The Camera
While pressing the mounting-foot release button , remove the flash.

Auto Power Off

Power is switched off and the indicator lamps turn off automatically to save the batteries when the camera or flash is not used for four minutes (auto power off).
When the flash is switched off (right diagram), the indicator lamps turn off after eight seconds, or after 60 minutes in the case of wireless flash (p. 29). The time of auto power off may be changed or be disabled. (p. 36).
Do not use high-speed film (rating in excess of ISO 1000). Use of such film increases the exposure error.
The low-speed film limit is the same as that for the films specified for the camera. See the camera manual for details.

PREPARATION

P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS

P MODE FLASH

1. Select the P mode on the camera. 2. Press the flash on/off button to glow the lamp [AUTO] [ON] or [ON]. 3. Press the shutter-release button partway down.
When the correct exposure has been obtained for the photo just taken:
The indicator lamps, [AUTO] and [ON] glow with automatic flash. The flash-ready lamp blinks on the control panel. The indicator blinks in the camera viewfinder.
4. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button to take the photo.
The flash is charged when the flashready lamp on the rear of the unit and in the camera viewfinder are both lit.
Only the lamp [ON] glows with fill flash.
The photo will be under-exposed if taken before charging is complete. Press the shutter-release button after checking that charging is complete when using the flash with the self-timer.
With the Maxxum/Dynax 7, automatic flash is used with full-auto, and fill flash when the P mode is selected. With the Maxxum/Dynax 9 and 800si or a DiMAGE digital camera, fill flash is used when the P mode is selected (automatic flash may also be selected as a custom setting with the 800si). With other cameras, automatic flash is used when the P mode is selected. Fill flash may be selected in the same way as the built-in flash in the camera.
Following is the flash range that is recommended when using the 3600HS (D). When you need information in more detail, please see the page 42.

EXPOSURE MODES

This photography is only possible with cameras having the A, S and M modes.

A Mode Flash

1. Select the A mode on the camera.

ISO100

aperture

focal length

2. Press the flash on/off button to glow the lamp [ON].

50 1-7 1-1-- 6.5

Fill flash is selected.

24 1-7 1-- 3.5

28 1-- 5.5 1-4

35 1-9 1-- 4.5

1 - - 13

(unit : m)

3. Set the aperture and focus the subject.
Reduce the aperture (ie; increase the f-stop) to reduce the flash range, or open the aperture (ie; reduce the f-stop) to increase the flash range. The shutter speed is automatically set.

ISO400

1 - - - - 20 1.2- - - 11 1-12.- - 18 1-7 1-8 1-- - 13 (unit : m)
4. Press the shutter-release button when charging is complete.
S Mode Flash 1. Select the S mode on the camera. 2. Press the flash on/off button to glow the lamp [ON].
When a photo is taken immediately after charging is complete while using slide film, it may be under-exposed near the farther limit of the flash range.
3. Set the shutter speed, and focus the subject.
A shutter speed faster than the sync speed cannot be selected with the Maxxum STsi and Dynax 404si. The shutter speed is set automatically with the Dynax 500si, 500siSuper, and Maxxum 400si.

ZOOM FLASH

ZOOM FLASH COVERAGE Wide Angle Adapter (17mm zoom angle)
Put the wide-angle adapter on for the 17mm zoom angle.

BOUNCE FLASH

Strong shadows appear when flash is used with a wall directly behind the subject. In such cases the flash is directed at the ceiling etc. so that the subject is illuminated with reflected light, and the intensity of the shadows are reduced to produce a softer light in the photograph.
Put the wide angle adapter on the flashtube.
Push the wide angle adapter directly downward to the flashtube until it holds. When taking off the wide angle adapter, pull one side of the adapter first to make removal easier. Do not set the zoom coverage except for 24mm on the control panel, when using wide angle adapter. When flat subjects are photographed from the front with very wideangle lenses such as the 17-35mm f/3.5G lens at the wide-angle setting, the distance between the lens and the center and periphery varies so that the amount of light from the periphery is slightly reduced. Keep the high-speed-sync lamp off when using Wide-Angle Adapter.
See the table below about the flash range when using the wide angle adapter.

Bounce flash

Normal flash

ISO100 2.5.6

1 - - 2.- 2

1 - - 5.- 4

Rotate the flash towards the ceiling.
The flash may be set to the following angles: 45, 60, 75, 90.

Adjusting Bounce Angle

An unsightly photo results when both direct light and bounced light from the flash are used simultaneously. Determine the bounce angle in reference to the distance to the reflective surface, the distance from the camera to the subject, and the focal length of the lens etc.

Incorrect

High-speed sync (p. 26) is cleared when employing bounce flash. Use a white ceiling or wall to reflect the flash. A colored surface may color the light. High ceilings or highly reflective surfaces such as glass are not recommended.

Determine the angle in relation to the table at right.
Focal length of lens 70mm minimum 28~70mm 28mm maximum

Bounce angle 75, 90

The bounce lamp glows on the control panel.

Correct

HIGH-SPEED SYNC [HSS]
High-speed sync is cleared when the high-speed-sync button is pressed again, and a shutter speed faster than the sync speed can no longer be set. It is recommended that photos be taken in bright locations. The flash range with high-speed sync is less than for normal flash photography. Check that the subject is within the flash range before taking the photo. It is possible to figure out the accurate flash range with high-speed sync by using the table of HSS flat flash (ISO100) on the page 46. Divide the guide number by the aperture. This is the maximum distance of the flash range. For example, when applying the shutter speed of 1/500, with a 28mm focal length, the guide number is 8 according to the table. Devide 8 (the guide number) by 4 (the aperture), which equals 2. The flash range would be 2 m in this case. The number will be doubled, when using ISO400 film. High-speed sync cannot be used with ratio flash, or bounce flash. When using a flash meter or color meter, high-speed sync cannot be used because it interferes with the proper exposure. High-speed sync lamp of the flash might be lit even with a camera which dose not have high-speed sync. In that case, high-speed sync dose not work. With a DiMAGE digital camera, the flash will sync with all shutter speeds regardless of the HSS setting.

High-speed sync

The Maxxum 4, 3, STsi, QTsi, 400si, 300si and Dynax 4, 3, 3L, 500si, 500siSuper, 404si, 303si, 300si do not support this function, and highspeed sync therefore cannot be used.
Press the high-speed-sync button.
The high-speed-sync lamp glows on the control panel.

HIGH-SPEED SYNC

High-speed sync eliminates the restrictions of flash sync speed, and allows you to use flash over the entire shutter speed range of the camera. The selectable aperture range is increased, allowing portrait shots with flash in which the aperture is opened to leave backgrounds out of focus and thus accentuate the human subject.
WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH MODE [WL]
Photographs taken with the flash attached to the camera are flat as shown in photo. In such cases, remove the flash from the camera and position it to obtain a more threedimensional effect as shown in photo. Photo was taken using the cameras built-in flash and the flash located separately from the camera, with a light intensity of 1:2 respectively to produce a soft gradation between light and dark, and natural shadows (p.34). When taking this type of photograph with a single lens reflex camera, the camera and the flash unit are most commonly connected by cable. This flash eliminates the need for a cable to transmit signals to the flash unit by using the light of the flash itself as a signal. This type of flash control is referred to as wireless (remote) flash. The proper exposure is determined automatically by the camera.

1. Attach the flash to the camera and switch the flash and camera power supplies on.
2. Set the camera to wireless flash.
The method used for the setting varies with the camera. See the camera manual for details. When the camera is set to wireless the flash is also set to wireless automatically. The lamp of the wireless/remote flash, channel 1 [CH1] is lit when settings are done properly. When channel 2 is selected, lamp channel 2 [CH2] is lit. See the page 33 for details to change the channel settings.

Wireless flash

Wireless ratio flash
3. Remove the flash from the camera and raise the built-in flash.
The high-speed-sync lamp at the rear of the flash is lit.

WIRELESS FLASH

WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH MODE

3600HS(D) Built-in-Flash

4. Set up the camera and the flash.
Photograph in dark locations indoors. See the next page to set-up.

Wireless Flash Range

Distance between camera and subject (see Table 1) Distance between 3600HS (D) and subject (see Table 2)
Do not place the flash directly behind the subject Place the camera and flash unit within a 5 m radius of the subject
is lit in the viewfinder on camera when the built-in flash is fully charged. The AF illuminator on the front of flash blinks, and on the rear is lit, when the 3600 HS (D) is fully charged.
The wireless flash uses a light signal from the built-in flash as a trigger to operate the off-camera flash unit. Follow the points above when positioning the camera, flash, and subject. Check the distance with the table below.
Distance 3600HS (D) - subject (Table 2) Distance camerasubject (Table 1) Other than HSS HSS Shutter 1/60~ speed All shutter Maximum 1/200 1/60 sec speeds Aperture sec 2.5.6 1.4 - 5 1-5 1-5 1.4 - - 3.5 1-5 1-5 1/250 sec 1-4 1-3 1-2 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 sec sec sec 1-3 1-- 1.5 1-- 1.- 1.5 Units: m
6. Use test flash to check the 3600HS (D) flash.
The method used for test flash differs with the camera used (eg. press the AE lock button, or spot AE lock button). See the camera manual for details. If the test flash doesnt fire, change the position of the camera, flash and subject.

1 - 2.- 3.5

7. Check again that the built-in flash and the 3600HS (D) are fully charged, and press the shutter-release button to take the photo.
The distances in the above table assume the use of ISO 100 film. If ISO 400 film is used the distances must be multiplied by a factor of two (assume a limit of 5 m).
5. Check that the built-in flash and 3600HS (D) are fully charged.

WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH MODE Notes On Wireless Flash
The MS-2 mini-stand is useful when the flash unit is off the camera. The mini-stand has a tripod configuration with a threaded hole to attach the flash unit.
Changing the channel setting
When another wireless flash is being used nearby, your flash might fire with a light signal from the built-in flash of other cameras. In this case, the channel can be changed to prevent your settings from interference.
1. Make sure that the wireless/remote flash lamp, both [CH1] and [CH2] are not lit.

Attach Remove

Pre-flash fires when wireless/remote flash mode is selected. A flash meter and color meter cannot be used. Shutter speed is 1/60 or 1/45 of a second or less (this differs between cameras). Use with high-speed sync is possible only with the Maxxum/Dynax 7 and 5 in normal wireless mode (not ratio). The zoom position for the 3600HS (D) is automatically set to 24mm. When slow sync is used with wireless flash, press the AE lock button to generate a test flash and take the photo while holding down the AE lock button.
2 Press the wireless/remote flash button for three seconds.
The channel settings will be changed and so will the channel indicator lamp.
3. Attach the flash to the camera and press the shutter-release button partway down.
This operation transmits the information of channel settings to the camera.
Press the wireless/remote flash button [WL], in case that they are lit.
WIRELESS/REMOTE FLASH MODE Setting Wireless/Remote Flash By Flash Only
If you keep using the same camera and the flash combination without changing the wireless channel, it will not be necessary to attach the flash to the camera the next time. Cameras setting : See the camera manual for details. 3600HS (D)s setting : Press the wireless/remote flash button so that the indicator lamp, channel 1 [CH1] or 2 [CH2] is lit.
This procedure is not available with the Maxxum 3, QTsi, 400si, 300si and the Dynax 3L, 500siSuper, 500si, 303si, 300si.

AF ILLUMINATOR

In low-light or when subject contrast is low, pressing the shutter-release button partway down for autofocus lights the red lamp on the front of the flash unit. This is the AF illuminator used as an aid in autofocusing.

The built-in flash and 3600HS (D) may be controlled to a flash intensity of 1 and 2 respectively. See photo on page 28. The method used differs with the camera. See the camera manual for details.
Set shutter speed to 1/60 of a second or less (low shutter speed). Wireless/Remote high-speed sync photography cannot be used. Ratio flash control cannot be used with the Maxxum 4, 3, QTsi, 300si, and Dynax 4, 3, 3L, 303si, 300si, or a DiMAGE digital camera.
Ratio Flash Control Using The Built-In Flash
The AF illuminator operates even when the flash is off. The camera AF illuminator does not operate while the flash AF illuminator is operating. The AF illuminator does not operate when continuous AF is used in the focusing mode (when continually focusing on a moving subject). The AF illuminator may not operate when the focal length of the lens is greater than 300mm. It will not operate when the flash is off-camera, or when the AF macro-zoom 3X-1X lens is used.

TIME TO AUTO POWER OFF

It is possible to change the settings of the time to auto power off.
1. Press the flash on/off button for 3 seconds until three lamps glow at the same time; auto lamp, flash-on lamp, off lamp.
This shows that now you are in the mode for changing the settings.
3. Press the zoom selection button to select the desired setting time to auto power off. Available options will be changing as following:
Channel 1 [CH1] auto power off
options 4 minutes 15 minutes 60 minutes none
lamps [ M.ZOOM ] [ 24mm ] [ 35mm ] [ 85mm ]
2. Press the wireless/remote flash button to select the items. On this flash, the following two items are available.
Channel 1 [CH1] the auto power off setting is provided. Channel 2 [CH2] the auto power off setting in wireless flash is provided.
Channel 2 [CH2] auto power off in wireless flash mode

options 60 minutes none

lamps [ M.ZOOM ] [ 24mm ]
4. Press the flash on/off button in order to return to the original mode that you can take photos.
The selected settings are maintained even when the flash unit is switched off, or the battery is removed.

USE IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS

APPENDIX

Read this manual in combination with the relevant manual when any of the following products are used in combination with the 3600HS (D).
Using xi Series Single Lens Reflex Cameras
(Maxxum/Dynax 9xi, 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, 2xi)
Flash is automatic in the P mode with the 9xi, 7xi, 5xi and 3xi. Fill flash may also be selected. See the camera manual for details. Flash is automatic in the P mode with the SPxi and 2xi. Fill flash cannot be selected. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S mode with the 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, and 2xi. High-speed sync cannot be used. As the 9xi has no built-in flash, when employing wireless flash, use optional Wireless Flash Remote Control or 5600HS(D), which is sold separately. Use the AE lock button for test flash. Test flash for the wireless flash cannot be used while Eye-start is in use. Select Channel 1 when using wireless flash with the 3xi. Wireless flash cannot be used with the SPxi and 2xi.
Using i Series Single Lens Reflex Cameras
(Maxxum/Dynax 8000i, 7000i, 5000i, 3000i)

COMBINATION

Flash is automatic in the P mode. Fill flash may also be selected with the 8000i. See the camera manual for details. Flash is automatic in the S mode, and the shutter speed is set automatically. High-speed sync and wireless flash cannot be used. As the proper exposure may not be obtained with the 5000i and 3000i, off-camera ratio flash control cannot be used.
Using Early AF Series Single Lens Reflex Cameras
(Maxxum/Minolta 9000, 7000, 5000)
The optional flash shoe adapter FS-1200 is necessary. See the FS1200 manual for details.
Using Minolta Digital Cameras
(Dimge RD3000, Digital camera RD-175)
Flash is automatic in the P mode. Fill flash is used when a photo is taken while the manual fill-flash button on the camera is pressed. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S mode. High-speed sync cannot be used. As the RD3000 has no built-in flash,when employing wireless flash, use optional Wireless Flash Remote Control or 5600HS, which is sold separately. Use the spot button for test flash.
Using APS Single Lens Reflex Cameras

(Vectis S-1, S-100)

Flash is automatic in the P mode. Fill flash may be selected with the flash-mode button on the camera. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S mode. High-speed sync cannot be used. As the S-100 is not equipped with an auto lock accessory shoe, the flash unit cannot be attached to the camera. Use with wireless flash. Ratio-flash control cannot be used. Set to Channel 1. APS film (new system) differs in size from 35mm film, so that the flash coverage differs at the same focal length. This flash unit is designed for a flash coverage of 24mm with a focal length for 35mm film, so that when used with APS film focal length flash coverage is 19mm.For example, when the V Zoom 22-80mm f/4-5.6 lens is used the full flash coverage is available.

FLASH RANGE

Flash range is the appropriate range that provides you for a correct exposure. To determine the flash range for the film and aperture being used, refer to the graph shown.

maximum distance

minimum distance

subject distance

2. Imagine a horizontal line drawn across the graph from this point. 3. The minimum and maximum subject distances are indicated by the points where this line intersects the lower and upper set of diagonal lines, respectively.
to determine the flash range using ISO 100 film, a 35mm focal length setting at f/4; in this case the flash range would be 0.3-7 m ( 0.9 - 23ft ).
If the subject is closer than 1m, use an off-camera flash with

cable.

1. Find the selected lens aperture on the vertical line for the appropriate film speed (ISO).
For example, the bold line drawn on the graph shows how

CAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING

During Photography
This flash unit generates strong light, and should therefore not be used in front of the eyes. The response of the data panel becomes slower as temperature decreases, and it becomes darker at high temperatures. Restore it to normal temperature if these problems occur. To prevent condensation from forming, place the flash in a sealed plastic bag when bringing it from cold environment to a warm environment. Allow it to come to room temperature before removing it from the bag. Battery capacity decreases at colder temperatures. Keep your flash and spare batteries in a warm inside pocket when shooting in cold weather. The lamp may glow even when there is some power left in the batteries in cold weather. Batteries will regain some of their capacity when warmed to normal operating temperature. This flash unit is not waterproof. Care is therefore required to ensure that it does not come into contact with water or sand when used near water. Contact with water, sand, dust, or salt content may result in a malfunction.

Batteries

Do not store the flash unit with the alkaline batteries inside it. Leakage from the batteries may damage the battery chamber. Due to the characteristics of alkaline batteries, temperature, and storage conditions, the battery level displayed on the data panel may be lower than the actual battery capacity. The displayed battery level will be restored to the correct value after the flash has been used a few times. When the lamp blinks to indicate that the flash cannot be used, pressing the flash on/off button in number of times may result in recovery of the battery. Replace the battery if it does not recover. When using the lithium batteries, if the batteries become hot due to high temperature or successive use, the lamp may blink and the flash may not be able to use for a while. Wait until the batteries become cold before using the flash again. Nickel-metal hydride batteries can lose power suddenly. If the lamp starts to glow or flash can no longer be used while taking pictures, change or recharge the batteries. Depending on the time elapsed since manufacture of the battery, the flash frequency and number of flashes for new batteries may differ from the values shown in the table.

Maintenance

Clean by wiping with a soft, clean cloth. If the flash has been in contact was sand, wiping will damage the surface, and it should therefore be cleaned gently using a blower. Do not use cleaners containing organic solvents (eg. thinners or benzene) under any circumstances.
Questions and Service Temperature
The flash unit may be used over a temperature range of 20C to 50C. Do not leave the flash unit exposed extremely high temperatures (eg. direct sunlight inside motor vehicles), or in conditions of high humidity. If you have questions about your flash, contact your local camera dealer or write to the Minolta distributor in your area. Before shipping your flash for repair, please contact an aouthorized Minolta Service Facility for details.

CAUTIONS

PERFORMANCE
Guide number Normal flash (ISO 100) Flash coverage 17* 24 GN Wireless flash (ISO 100) Flash coverage GN 17* 24 8.Continuous flash performance AF illuminator Flash coverage Flash Coverage Setting Flash coverage 17* Top-bottom ( ) 34 Left-right ( ) 46 (mm) 31
(*When using Wide Angle Adapter)
40 continuous cycles of 5 flashes per second (Normal flash, GN6, 85mm, nickel-metal hydride battery) Automatic flash at low contrast and low brightness Approximate operating range (with Maxxum/Dynax 7) AF mid 3 areas: 0.7 - 7m (24 - 105mm)
HSS flat flash (flash with HSS, ISO 100)
Flash Coverage Setting (mm)
Shutter speed 1/250 1/500 1/1000 1/2000 1/4000 1/8000 1/12000

3.5 2.5 1.7 1.2

8 5.2.1.4

9 6.5 4.6 3.2 2.3 1.6

11 7.5 5.3 3.8 2.6 1.8

6.4 4.5 3.2 2.2

Flash control Size Weight
Flash control using pre-flash, TTL direct metering 68 (W) x 122(H) x 89 (D) mm 260g (without batteries)

Frequency Repetition

Frequency (sec)

Alkaline 0.2 - 6

Lithium 0.2 - 6

Nickel hydride 0.2 - 5

Specifications are based on the latest information available at the time of printing and are subject to change without notice.
Repetition (times) 200 - - - 3000
Repetition is the approximate number of times that are achieved before a new battery is completely flat.

By Julia Silber and Peter Kolonia
re digital SLRs pushing lm SLRs into oblivion? No way! The 2001 edition of POPULAR PHOTOGRAPHYS 35mm SLR roundup has more newcomers this year than any time in recent memoryand these arent just y-by-night, bottom-level also-rans. Youll nd major hardware debuting from almost every player: Canon, Pentax, Minolta, Nikon, Contax, Sigma, Vivitar, and Phoenix. In total, 12 new 35mm SLRs, including Nikons mostly mechanical FM3A that does something no digital camera can: It takes pictures (albeit meterlessly) without batteries. With batteries, its electro-mechanical shutter provides autoexposure with stepless shutter speeds from 11/4000 sec. The most interesting newcomer? Its probably Minoltas remarkable Maxxum 7 for its oversized and unusually informative LCD panel, rugged construction,

Multi-segment metering

Exposure compensation

Centerweighted meter

Specialized AE modes
Program Aperture priority

Metering Range

Autobracketing

Shutter priority

Program shift

LIST CAMERA PRICE

Canon EOS-1V

DIMENSIONS W XH XD

WEIGHT

POWER SUPPLY 2CR5

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Canon EOS 3

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1 lb 4 oz CR123A(2)
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Autoloading

Spotmeter

35MM SLRS COMPARED

Canon EOS $440 Rebel 2000

512x312x2516

2CR(2)
q q q q q q q q q EV 2 to 20 1/sec to 9

q q q q q 1.5

! NEW Contax

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q q q q q EV 1 to 21 1/sec

Contax AX $2,675

638x478 x278

2 lb 6 oz

q q EV 0 to 21 1/sec

Contax RTS III

$3,538

614x418x258

2 lb 8 oz

Contax RX $1,508

578 x418 x2516

1 lb 14 oz

q q EV 1 to 20 1/sec

Contax Aria

! NEW Hikari

578x3916x2116

q q q q q EV 0 to 20 1/sec

2002 $270 $2,095

5516x3516x2 614x4116x212

1 lb 1 lb 15 oz

BC 2CR(2) q

EV 2 to 19 1/sec

q q q q

Leica R8

q q q EV -2 to 20 1/sec

Leica R6.2 $2,095

512x312x212

1 lb 6 oz

D76(2)

q q EV -1 to 20 1/sec

WWW.POPPHOTO.COM
POPULAR PHOTOGRAPHY/SEPTEMBER 2001
Multi-speed advance Autorewind

Built-in motor drive

Slow shutter speed

Multiple exposures

Manual ISO setting

Top shutter speed

AE SYSTEM

FILM ADVANCE

AE lock

Manual

and lightning-like AF system. Close runners-up are the new Sigma and Pentax agships, the SA-9 and MZ-S, respectively. Both are packed with high-end features. The MZ-S is the rst 35mm approaching pro level from Pentax since the famous LX was introduced in 1980, and it boasts remote wireless ash operation, on-lm recording of nine data elds, and a compact, lightweight body of rugged magnesium. As in previous years, our listings include SLRs that are widely available. This leaves out store-brand products or cameras available from a single source. Dimensions and weights are for bodies without lenses or batteries; dollar gures are

the manufacturers suggested list prices. Street prices are often about one-third less. The categor y Spot Meter includes fat or partial metering areas, as well as narrow-angle true-spots. BC stands for button cell and NA means Not Available. The EV range in the metering and AF columns was determined at f/1.4 and ISO 100, unless otherwise noted. Finally, the data here comes from the manufacturers and is subject to change. Please dont buy any of these cameras based only on what you read here. Conrm with your dealer that the camera in question actually HAS the feature(s) of interest to you. And now, enough yak. To the cameras!
FLASH SYSTEM Flash-exposure compensation Manual/AF (M or AF) Built-in redeye reduction
FOCUSING SYSTEM Horizontal and vertical AF sensor arrays
FOCUSING SYSTEM Optional viewnder screens
OTHER Auto-sets lm speeds (DX) Built-in diopter correction

Operates w/o batteries

Built-in AF-assist beam

Depth-of-eld preview

Independent AF lock

Built-in PC terminal

Top deck LCD panel

Release-priority AF

TTL ash metering

LENS LINEUP/COMMENTS

Has 45-point AF with 21-zone AF-linked metering, computer link, more. Total of 52 EF lenses ranging from 14- to 1200mm. lineup includes 37 USM, 3 tilt/shift, 4 macro, 20 zoom, and 23 L series lenses. POP PHOTO test report 9/00, p. 98. Has 45-point AF system, with AF sensor selected manually, automatically or via Eye-Control focus. 21-zone meter, 17-segment ash meter with EX-series units. Wireless E-TTL ash possible. For lenses, see EOS-1V. POP PHOTO test report, 2/00, p.82.

EV 0 to 18 q q

q AF q EV 0 to 18 q q
q q q AF q EV 1 to 18 q q
Seven AF points, with center cross-type sensor. 7E has eye-controlled AF; Elan 7 has conventional AF ($720). Evaluative metering uses 35 AFlinked zones. 13 custom functions. 35-zone ash meter with EX units, wireless ash possible. POP PHOTO test, 3/01, p. 84. For lenses see EOS-IV. Wide-area, 7-sensor CMOS-based AF system, with central crosstype sensor. 35-zone ambient and ash exposure meter linked to AF system. Prewind lm advance; high-speed ash sync possible with EXseries ash units. For lenses, see EOS-1V.

AF q EV 1 to 18 q

Five-point AF system with unique focus bracketing and joystick for selecting active AF sensor. Can use all Contax 645 AF lenses with NAM-1 adapter. Four Zeiss lenses available in the N mount, two zooms, one normal, and one macro. Test report, 6/01, p. 94. Unique back-focusing AF system uses manual-focus Carl Zeiss T* MM-mount lenses. Lineup of 32 ranges from a 15mm f/3.5 to a 500mm f/8 mirror lens, and features 4 macro, 5 zoom, and 3 mirror lenses. POP PHOTO test report, 2/97, p. 60. For lenses, see Contax AX. *Uses either 2CR5 or 6 AA cells. POP PHOTO test report, 9/91, p. 58. Spotreading TTL ashmeter uses pre-ash to monitor exposure of nondedicated ash units. Back has special vacuum mechanism to hold lm at. For lenses, see Contax AX. Advanced manual-focus system indicates focus status and relative depth-of-eld via viewnder LCD readouts. Programmable custom functions; standard databack. *Program shift in AE-lock mode only; otherwise, safety shift. For lenses, see Contax AX. Custom functions, rubberized grip, and allmetal body, mirrorbox, lm rails, and lensmount. Glass pentaprism, between-frame data imprinting, second-curtain ash sync, and more. Viewnder match-needle LEDs. Accepts K-mount lenses. Thirty-eight R-series lenses ranging from 15mm f/3.5 to 800mm f/5.6. Lineup includes 2 macros and 6 zooms. Autobracketing possible with accessory motor-drive. POP PHOTO test report, 7/97, p. 78. For lenses, see Leica R8. Additional battery option: 1 CR 1/3N lithium. POP PHOTO test report of R6, 9/89, p. 68.

EV 2 to 21 q

1/125 q 1/250

q q q q q q q q q

Low-battery alert

Top sync speed

Mirror lock-up

Continuous AF

Built-in ash

AF range

Aperture priority
LIST DIMENSIONS W XH XD CAMERA PRICE
Minolta Maxxum 9 Minolta $2,x 425 x 3

POWER SUPPLY

2 lb 1 oz CR123A (2)
q q q q q q q q q q EV 0 to 20 1/12,sec q

q q 5.5 q

! NEW Maxxum
$1,x 31316 x 258 7m $NA 5 x 338 x 238

1 lb 4 oz

CR123A (2)
q q q q q EV 0 to 20 1/8000

30 sec q

! Minolta NEW

CR2 (2)

q q q q q q q q

q EV 1 to 20 1/sec q

Maxxum 5
Minolta Maxxum 800si Minolta Maxxum XTsl Minolta Maxxum HTsi Plus Minolta Maxxum STsi

$1,111

618 x 414 x 278

1 lb 5 oz

q q q q q q q q q q EV 0 to 20 1/sec q

538 x 312 x 2716

538 x 312 x 225
q EV 1 to 20 1/sec to 2 q q

538 x 312 x 238

q EV 0 to 20 1/sec to 2 q q
Minolta $324 Maxxum QTsi Minolta X-700 Minolta X370-NS Nikon F5 $427 $325
538 x 312 x x 312 x x 3916 x 2
12 oz 1 lb 2 oz 1 lb 1 oz

2CR5 BC BC

q q q q q q
EV 4 to 20 1/sec EV 1 to 18 1/1000 EV 1 to 18 1/sec 4 sec q q q q

$2,x 51516 x lb 13 oz

q q q q q q q q q q EV 0 to 20 1/8000

Nikon F100

$1,620

618 x 41716 x 258

AA (4)
q q q q q q q q q q EV 0 to 21 1/sec q

q q 4.5 q

Nikon N90s

$1,060

6116 x 418 x 234

1lb 10 oz

q q q EV -1 to 21 1/sec

q q 4.3 q

Nikon N80 Nikon N65

558 x 378 x 21316

1 lb 2 oz

q q 2.5 q

512 x 31116 x 278

EV -1 to 20 1/sec q

q q 2.5

Nikon F3HP

$1,980

558 x 4 x 258

1 lb 10 oz

EV 1 to 18 1/2000

! NEW FM3A

512 x 312 x 2516

Nikon FM10

558 x 312 x 238

EV 2 to 19 1/2000

Autorewind

q q q q q q q q q q q q q

Program

Multi-speed advance
OTHER Auto-sets lm speeds (DX) Built-in diopter correction Operates w/o batteries
Continuous AF Release-priority AF
For lenses, see Minolta Maxxum 800si. Only pro-level 35mm SLR with built-in ash and AF-assist light. Off-camera wireless ash with dedicated units, glow-in-the-dark body decals. POP PHOTO test report, 3/99, p. 84. Oversized back-panel LCD deck is unusually informative. For lenses, see Maxxum 800si. *Automatically switches to high-speed sync (up to 1/8000 sec) with HD ash units. POP PHOTO test report, 2/01, p. 80. Seven-point AF with central cross sensor and illuminated viewnder AF targets. Other features: Eye-Start automation, wireless off-camera ash. *Automatically switches to high-speed sync (up to 1/4000 sec) at limited subject distances with HD ash units. For lenses, see Maxxum 800si.

1/300 q q q AF q EV -1 to 18 q
q 1/200* q q q AF q EV -1 to 18 q

q 1/125* q q

AF q EV-1 to 18 q
1/200 q q q AF q EV -1 to 19 q
Maxxum lens system includes 38 AF lenses ranging from a 16mm f/2.8 sheye to a 600mm f/4 APO tele; 3 offer 1:1 macro capability; 1 mirror lens (500mm). Features wireless ash operation, Eye-Start automation, selectable AF sensors, and data memory. For lenses, see Minolta Maxxum 800si. Eye-Start control, ash compensation, wide-area and spot-focus, ash covers eld of 28mm lens, panoramics with viewnder masking, optional high-speed ash sync, custom functions. POP PHOTO test report, 10/98, p. 96. For lenses, see Minolta Maxxum 800si. Eye-Start control, wide- or narrow-area AF, slow-sync ash mode, custom functions, and optional high-speed ash sync. Adds remote ring and TTL wireless ash compared to original HTsi. qq Single-line, wide-area AF sensor. Remote-control terminal; program reset. Wireless remote control of dedicated ash units. For lenses, see Minolta Maxxum 800si. *Price includes 3580mm zoom lens. Also available in Panoramic/Date version. Wireless remote control of dedicated ash units. For lenses, see Minolta Maxxum 800si. Uses Minolta MD lenses. Uses Minolta MD lenses. POP PHOTO test report, 9/90, p. 54. Safe lm-load q conrmation, camera-back lm window, and self-timer. Accessories include dedicated ringash, winder, reversal ring, bellows, and more.
1/125 q q q AF q EV -1 to 18 q

AF q EV -1 to 18 q

1/90 1/60 1/60

AF q EV -1 to 18 q M M

q 1/300*

EV -1 to 19 q

Wide-area, 5-sensor AF system; 1,005-pixel meter; 5-segment ash metering; Photo Secretary software links camera and PC. Optics: See Nikon N90s, F3HP. *With SB-27/28 ashes, sync speeds to 1/4000 sec. POP PHOTO test report, 5/97, p. 70. Front, top, and bottom plates of lightweight magnesium alloy. *Sync speeds to 1/4000 sec with SB-28 ash. Optional Photo Secretary software lets user control camera from nearby computer. For lenses, see N90S and F3HP. POP PHOTO test report, 6/99, p. 84. Lenses: 35 AF Nikkors, 16mm f/2.8 sheye to 600mm f/4, with 12 zooms, 3 macros, 2 defocus control, and 17 D lenses that transmit subject distance to AE system. POP PHOTO test report, 9/93, p. 44. *With SB-27/28 ashes sync speeds to 1/4000 sec. Five-sensor AF system; 10-segment metering; 18 Custom Functions, built-in focus assist light, good to 10 feet. LCD overlay on focusing screen provides on-demand grid screen. Metering only w/AF lenses. POP PHOTO test report, 7/00, p. 104. Five point sensor, wide-area AF system, with 6-segment 3D Matrix or centerweighted meter, built-in cancelable focus-assist beam, ve scene modes. Metering only w/AF lenses. POP PHOTO test report, 4/01, p. 92. Optics: 34 manual-focusing Nikkor lenses ranging from 6mm f/2.8 sheye to 2000mm f/11 mirror lens, including 10 zooms, 1 micro, 1 nocturnal, 2 perspective control, 3 mirror lenses. For mountable AF-Nikkors, see Nikon N90. F3/T has titanium body, lists for $1,810. Hybrid shutter system; mechanical in manual mode, electronic in aperture priority mode. Fill ash capability, all metal chassis, DX capability, match-needle viewnder, compatible with all series Nikkor lenses. For lenses, see Nikon F3. For lenses, see Nikon N90S and F3HP. *Sold only as kit with 3570mm f/3.54.8 Nikkor zoom, case, strap, and batteries. Exposure control via matchdiode metering. Accessories include diopter correction lenses for eyepiece.

q 1/250*

1/125 q q q AF q EV -1 to 19 q

1/125 q q

AF q EV -1 to 19 q

CAMERA

Olympus IS-3 DLX Olympus IS-30 DLX Olympus OM-4Ti Olympus OM-3Ti Olympus OM 2000

! Pentax NEW MZ-S

LIST PRICE

$1,000

DIMENSIONS WEIGHT W XH XD

478 x 334 x lb 2 oz

CR 123A
q q q EV 3 to 20 1/sec to 2

478 x 312 x 412

1 lb 7 oz CR 123A (2)

q q q EV 2 to 20 1/2000

q q 1.3

$1,200

538 x 338 x 2

1 lb 1 oz

EV -5 to 19 1/min

$2,455

5716 x 338 x 2

q q EV 0 to 19 1/2000

$400 $1,433

5716 x 3716 x 2

BC CR2 (2)

q q EV 2 to 19 1/2000

1 sec 30

q q q q q 2.5 q q

538 x 31116 x lb 2 oz
q q q q q EV 0 to 21 1/6000
Pentax PZ-1p Pentax ZX-5N

$917 $583

6 x 334 x x 312 x 238

1lb 7oz 15 oz

2CR5 CR2 (2)
q q q q q q q q q q EV 0 to 20 1/sec to 9 q q q q q q q q q EV 1 to 21 1/sec
Pentax ZX-7 Pentax ZX-30 Pentax ZX-M

5516 x 358 x 212

EV 0 to 21 1/sec q

$350 $267

513 x 358 x x 3916 x 214

13 oz 11 oz

CR2 (2) CR2 (2)

q q q q q q q q q q q

EV 0 to 21 1/sec q EV 1 to 21 1/sec

Phoenix P2 Phoenix P1

! Phoenix NEW

$320* $260* $370* $499

512 x 325 x x 325 x x 358 x x 358 x 238
1 lb 13 oz 1 lb 2 oz 14 oz

BC BC BC CR2 (2)

EV 2 to 19 1/2000 EV 2 to 19 1/2000 EV 2 to 19 1/1000

1 sec 1 sec 1 sec q

Samsung SR4000

q q q q q q q

q q EV 0 to 19 1/4000

30 sec to 9

! Sigma NEW

55/8 x 31316 x 21116

q q q q q EV-1 to 20 1/8000

Sigma SA-5

! Sigma NEW SA-7

578 x 31316 x 258

q q q q q EV -1 to 20 1/4000

30 sec to 9 q

53/16 x 358 x 21116
q q q q q EV-1 to 20 1/2000

q q 1.5 q q

Vivitar V4000 Vivitar V3800N

5716 x 312 x 238

1/2000

538 x 312 x 2516

FLASH SYSTEM Flash-exposure compensation Manual/AF (M or AF) Built-in redeye reduction Built-in AF-assist beam

q q q q q q q q q q

Noninterchangeable 35180mm f/4.55.6 zoom lens includes extra-low dispersion element. Power zoom; power focus; wide-angle and teleconverters available. POP PHOTO test report, 7/93, p. 40. Noninterchangeable 28110mm f/4.55.6 zoom lens includes extra-low dispersion, aspheric element. Twin-tube auto ash (GN 83) optimized for wideangle and tele subjects. 160mm, 180mm, 210mm tele adapters. Optical lineup includes 22 Zuiko lenses ranging from a 16mm f/3.5 to a 1000mm f/11, with 2 perspective-control lenses, 8 macros, and 1 mirror tele (500mm f/8). *Using full-synchro feature of Olympus F280 ash, syncs to 1/4000 sec. For lens lineup, see OM 4Ti. Multispot averaging and highlight/shadow biasing with spotmeter. Accessories include autobellows, motor drive, more. *Using full-syncro F280 ash, syncs to 1/4000 sec. For lenses, see OM-4Ti. Self-timer, shutter lock, glass pentaprism, more. POP PHOTO test report, 4/98, p. 82.

q 1/100

AF q EV 3 to 18 q

EV -1 to 18

q 1/60*

1/125 q 1/180 q q

M AF EV -1 to 18 q q q
Hyper shifting allows on-the-y shifting between AE modes. Autofocus features an extra-wide AF frame with six autofocus points. Large top-deck LCD panel angled for easy viewing. Optics: 39 Pentax F and FA AF lenses. AF lineup ranges from 1728mm f/3.54.5 zoom to 600mm f/4. POP PHOTO test report of PZ-1, 6/92, p. 48. Built-in panoramic mode, spot AF mode. For optics, see PZ-1P. Like other Pentax AF cameras, ZX-5N accepts FA power zooms, which autozoom to hold subject size, automatically produce zoom effects, and more. POP PHOTO test report of ZX-5, 3/96, p. 64. Five colorfully lighted subject modes on dial, with happy-face symbol for Program q mode; green nder LEDs turn orange to warn of nonhandholdable shutter speeds; panoramic format; wireless remote control. For optics, see PZ-1P. Six subject-specic picture modes, sliding viewnder scale shows exposure info. Second databack version. For optics, see PZ-1P. Lineup features approximately 58 SMC lenses including Pentax K and AFmount lenses. Manual-focus lenses range from a 15mm f/3.5 to a 2000mm f/13.5 with 3 zooms, 3 mirror lenses, 1 macro, and 1 perspective-control lens. POP PHOTO test report: 3/98, p. 74. Camera is similar to Phoenix P1, except most of the body is die-cast aluminum instead of plastic. *Price includes 3570mm zoom. For lenses, see Phoenix P1. Accepts K-Mount lenses. Phoenix (and Samyang) imports 14, including 7 zooms. Camera includes 3570mm or 50mm lens. *Quoted price is with 35-70mm zoom. Accepts Minolta MD-mount lenses. Phoenix imports 14 others. *Price includes 50mm lens and leather case. Accessory motor drive also available. Accepts 3 Schneider-Kreuznach lenses in special Samsung MF mount, including a 50mm Schneider and 2870mm and 70210mm Samsung-brand zooms. Special Panoramic mode. Memory feature stores user-selected control conguration for future recall.

q 1/250 q 1/100

AF q EV 1 to 18 q q AF EV -1 to 18 q q

q 1/100 1/100

AF q EV 0 to 18 q M
1/125 1/125 q 1/60 q 1/125 q q

M M M M

q 1/180* q q
Features include optional wireless ash operation, For lenses, see Sigma SA-5. Accessories include diopter-correction lenses, IR remote control, and more. Flash sync to 1/2000 when using EF-505 super in FP ash mode. Lineup of 42 lenses includes 18 zooms, 1 mirror, 8 macro, 10 hypersonic, and 2 sheyes. Matte black (Zen) or titanium nish. Price includes built-in databack. *Flash sync to 1/4000 sec with EF430 Super accessory ash. Wireless ash.

q 1/125* q q q

AF q EV 1 to 18 q q

q 1/90*

Features include optional wireless ash operation, For lenses, see Sigma SA-5. Accessories include diopter-correction lenses, IR remote control, more. Flash sync to 1/8000 when using EF-505 super in FP ash mode. Accepts K-mount lenses. Vivitar offers 20, ranging from a 19mm f/3.8 to a 500mm f/8 mirror lens; lineup offers 15 zooms and 1 macro lens. *Price includes 3570mm f/3.54.8 zoom. For lens lineup, see Vivitar V4000. *Price includes 50mm f/1.9 Vivitar lens & case, $209.95 with 2870mm lens & case.