The VLOC flip-flop key (430W only) is used to swap the active and standby VLOC frequencies (i.e., make the selected standby frequency active).
The COM power/volume knob (420W/430W only) controls unit power and communications radio volume. Press momentarily to disable automatic squelch control. In the GPS 400W, this control is used only for power. The VLOC volume knob (430W only) controls audio volume for the selected VOR/ Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to enable/disable the ident tone. The large left knob (COM/VLOC) (420W/430W only) is used to tune the megahertz (MHz) value (to the left of the decimal point) of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by the tuning cursor.
Right-hand Keys and Knobs
E The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an
operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.
The large right knob is used to select between the various page groups: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor enabled, the large right knob allows you to move the cursor about the page. The small right knob (CRSR) is used to select between the various pages within one of the groups listed above. Press this knob momentarily to display the on-screen cursor. The cursor allows you to enter data and/or make a selection from a list of options.
R The range key (RNG) allows you to select
the desired map scale. Use the up arrow side of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or the down arrow side to zoom in to a smaller area. direct-to function, which allows you to enter a destination waypoint and establishes a direct course to the selected destination. See Section 3. list of options. This options list allows you to access additional features or make settings changes which relate to the currently displayed page.
D The direct-to key provides access to the
m The MENU key displays a context-sensitive
c The clear key (CLR) is used to erase infor-
mation or cancel an entry. Press and hold this key to immediately display the Default Navigation Page, regardless of which page is currently displayed.

Bottom Row Keys

N The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W
only) displays the nearest airports page. Then, turning the small right knob steps through the NRST pages. which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) provides output to an external HSI or CDI.

GPS 400W / GNC 420W

C The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle O The OBS key is used to select manual or

GNS 430W

automatic sequencing of waypoints. Pressing the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will retain the current active to waypoint as your navigation reference even after passing the waypoint (i.e., prevents sequencing to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS key again will return to normal operation, with automatic sequencing of waypoints. Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may set the desired course to/from a waypoint using the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on your HSI or CDI. system messages and important warnings and requirements. See Sections 11 and 9 for more information on messages and unit settings. The flight plan key (FPL) allows you to create, edit, activate and invert flight plans, as well as access approaches, departures and arrivals. A closest point to flight plan feature is also available from the flight plan key. See Section 4 for more information on flight plans.

The graphic track indicator and the TRK indication directly below it provide the same information. Use the graphic track indicator for quick at-a-glance ground track information.

52 190-00356-00 Rev G

NOTE: Do not rely solely on MSA as an absolute measure of safe altitude. Consult current charts and NOTAMs for your area.
Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page.
To change the user-selectable data fields:
Press MENU to display the Position page options menu. Turn the large right knob to highlight Change Fields? and press ENT.
The position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom of the page, to indicate your bearing and distance to/from a selected waypoint. The reference waypoint field can display bearing and distance information for a nearby airport (default), VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.
To change the reference waypoint information:
1. 2. 3. 3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the data field you wish to change. 4.
Press MENU to display the position page options menu. Turn the large right knob to highlight Change Fields? and press ENT. Turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint type field (bottom left corner of the page; default setting will show APT). Turn the small right knob to display the list of available waypoint types. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list.
Turn the small right knob to display the list of available data items. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list. 5. 6. Press ENT to select the desired type and return to the position page. To select between bearing FROM or bearing TO to the reference waypoint, turn the small right knob to select the desired bearing reference and press ENT.
Press ENT to select the desired data item and return to the position page.

190-00356-00 Rev G 53

2 - NAV PAGES Restoring Factory Settings
A Restore Defaults? option allows you to reset all data fields to their original factory default settings. This will return the three user-selectable fields at the top of the page AND the reference waypoint fields to default settings.
7. 8. Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page. I f WPT is selected as the waypoint type, you can designate any airport, NAVAID or user waypoint as a reference waypoint. Press the small right knob, turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint identifier field, then use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired waypoint. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint. Press the small right knob to remove the cursor.
To restore the factory default settings:
Press MENU to display the position page options menu. Turn the large right knob to highlight Restore Defaults? and press ENT.

Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint from the Active Flight Plan Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Waypoint
If youre navigating an active flight plan, any waypoint contained in the flight plan may be selected as a direct-to waypoint from the select direct-to waypoint page. (see Section 4 - Flight Plans, for more information on flight plans.)
To select a direct-to waypoint from the active flight plan:
The select direct-to waypoint page always displays the nearest airports (from your present position) on the NRST field. Navigating directly to a nearby airport is always just a few simple steps away. (Nearby airports may also be selected as direct-to waypoints using the steps described Section 7 - NRST Pages - Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint.)
To select a nearby airport as a direct-to waypoint:
Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identifier field highlighted. Turn the large right knob to highlight the flight plan (FPL) field.
Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identifier field highlighted. Turn the large right knob to highlight the nearest airport (NRST) field. Turn the small right knob to display a window showing up to nine nearby airports.
Turn the small right knob to display a window showing all waypoints in the active flight plan. 4. Continue turning the small right knob to scroll through the list and highlight the desired airport. Press ENT to confirm the selected airport, and ENT to activate the direct-to function.
Continue turning the small right knob to scroll through the list and highlight the desired waypoint. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint, and ENT to activate the direct-to function.
NOTE: Performing a direct-to the MAP of an active approach will cancel approach mode.
3 - DIRECT-TO Direct-to Shortcuts

Shortcuts

Shortcuts are available when using the direct-to key, allowing you to bypass the use of the small and large right knobs to enter the waypoints identifier. A direct-to can be performed from any page displaying a single waypoint identifier (such as the WPT pages for airports and navaids) by simply pressing direct-to and ENT. For pages that display a list of waypoints (e.g., the nearest airport page), you must highlight the desired waypoint with the cursor before pressing the direct-to key.
To select an on-screen waypoint (other than the map page) as a direct-to waypoint:
Direct-to waypoints may also be selected from the map page, by panning to the desired location and pressing direct-to and ENT (twice). If no airport, navaid or user waypoint exists at the desired location, a waypoint named +MAP will automatically be created at the location of the panning pointer.
To select a direct-to waypoint from the map page:

A confirmation window will appear listing the procedure you are about to remove. With Yes? highlighted, press ENT.
Select the Select Departure? option from the active flight plan page options and press ENT. A window will appear listing the available departures for your departure airport. Turn the small right knob to select the desired departure and press ENT. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the departure. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press ENT. With Load? highlighted, press ENT.

Closest Point of FPL

Closest Point of FPL? calculates the bearing and closest distance that a flight plan will pass from a reference waypoint. May also be used to create a new user waypoint along the flight plan at the location closest to the reference waypoint.
To determine the closest point, along the active flight plan, to a selected waypoint:

Parallel Track

Select the Closest Point of FPL? option from the active flight plan page options and press ENT.
Parallel Track? allows you to create a parallel course offset of 1 to 99 NM to the left or right of your current flight plan. After setting a parallel track to your current flight plan, a magenta parallel track line will be drawn offset from the original by the selected distance. The original course line will be drawn in white. The aircraft will navigate to the parallel track course line. When you reach the end of the flight plan, an annunciator message will state PTK END X S. The message will give the pilot sufficient time to intercept the original course.
Points to remember with Parallel Track:
A window will appear with the reference waypoint field highlighted. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint and press ENT. A confirmation window will appear for the selected reference waypoint. Press ENT to accept the waypoint. The 400W-series will display the bearing (BRG) and distance (DIST) to the closest point along the flight plan, from the selected reference waypoint. To create a user waypoint at this location and add it to the flight plan, highlight Load? and press ENT. The name for the new user waypoint will be derived from the identifier of the reference waypoint.
You must have an active flight plan The current leg must support parallel track Parallel track is not allowed for the active leg of an approach Parallel track is not allowed if the active leg is not a track-to-fix or direct-to-fix leg Parallel track may be allowed but not the selected offset distance

North Course TO WPT

BRG Offset TO WPT
Parallel Track Distance FROM WPT

Offset FROM WPT

To set a parallel track to your flight plan. To cancel a parallel track to your flight plan.
With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed, press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

Press the PROC key to display the procedures page.
Turn the large right knob to highlight Select Approach?, Select Departure? or Select Arrival? and press ENT. A window will appear listing the available procedures. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired procedure and press ENT. (When a direct-to destination is selected, departures are offered for the nearest airport.) 6.
Turn the large right knob to highlight Load? or Activate? (approaches only) and press ENT. Load? will add the procedure to the flight plan without immediately using it for navigation guidance. This allows you to continue navigating the original flight plan, but keeps the procedure available on the active flight plan page for quick activation when needed to later activate a departure or arrival. For precision approaches and some nonprecision approaches, a reminder window will appear indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring only use the VLOC receivers and external CDI (or HSI) for primary navigation. To confirm this reminder, highlight Yes? and press ENT.
5 - PROCEDURES Activating Approaches Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. As you select an approach, a GPS designation to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPSreceiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only. ILS approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning the VLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling the VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI). Once an approach is selected, it may be activated for navigation from the procedures page. Activating the approach overrides the en route portion of the active flight plan, proceeding directly to the approach portion (for a full approach, directly to the initial approach fix).
To activate an approach: To activate the approach, with vectors to final:
Press the PROC key to display the procedures page. Turn the large right knob to highlight Activate Vector-To-Final? and press ENT.
Press the PROC key to display the procedures page. Turn the large right knob to highlight Activate Approach? and press ENT.
In many cases, it may be easiest to Load the full approach while still some distance away, en route to the destination airport. Later, if vectored to final, use the steps above to select Activate Vectors-To-Final which makes the inbound course to the FAF waypoint active. Otherwise, activate the full approach using the Activate Approach? option. If you reactivate the approach currently being flown using the PROC key, prior to reaching the MAP a Restart Approach confirmation window appears on the screen. If you have passed the MAP, the 400Wseries unit proceeds to the transition waypoint without a restart confirmation.
Another procedures page option allows you to activate the final course segment of the approach. This option assumes you will receive vectors to the final approach course and guides you to intercept the final course, before reaching the FAF.

5 - PROCEDURES Basic Approach Operations
Basic Approach Operations

Annunciation

Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (LPV) approach. Fly to LPV minimums. A yellow background indicates that the approach is safe to continue but a downgrade to LNAV may occur. Localizer Performance with no vertical guidance. Fly to LP minimums. SW V 3.30, or later. Lateral Navigation and Vertical Navigation (LNAV/VNAV) approach. Fly to Lnav/Vnav minimums. GPS approach using published LNAV minima. Advisory vertical guidance is provided. Lateral Navigation approach. Fly to LNAV minimums. Missed Approach indicates the system is providing missed approach integrity and CDI full-scale deflection 0.3 NM. En route, CDI full-scale deflection is 2.0 NM or current CDI scale selection, whichever is smaller. Terminal, CDI full-scale deflection is 1.0 NM or current CDI scale selection, whichever is smaller. Departure, indicates the system is using non-precision approach integrity. HAL = 0.3 and CDI full-scale deflection is 0.3 NM. Oceanic, CDI full-scale deflection is 2.0 NM. For LNAV+V, Lnav/Vnav, or LPV approaches, the LOW ALT annunciation indicates the aircrafts estimated height is lower than the Final Approach Waypoint height by more than the current VPL plus 50 meters. This annunciation will not be active when Terrain is operational.
The 400W series provides precision vertical guidance and non-precision advisory guidance using its built in GPS receiver. The moving map pages can also be used as a supplemental aid to situational awareness for ILS, VOR, and NDB approaches (and non-precision localizer-based approaches), but the appropriate navigational aid MUST be used for primary approach course guidance. Approaches designed specifically for GPS are often very simple and dont require overflying a VOR or NDB. Currently, many non-precision approaches have GPS overlays to let you fly an existing procedure (VOR, VOR/DME, NDB, RNAV, etc.) more accurately using GPS. To date, there are over 2,400 GPS-only approaches and over 2,900 GPS overlay approaches worldwide. Many overlay approaches are more complex (in comparison to GPS-only approaches). The 400Wseries unit displays and guides you through each leg of the approach automatically sequencing through each of these legs, up to the missed approach point (MAP). Approaches may be flown as published with the full transition using any published feeder route or initial approach fix (IAF) or may be flown with a vectors-to-final transition. Flight mode annunciations are provided in the lower left corner of the display indicating the current mode of flight.

Flying a DME Arc Approach
The GPS overlay for a DME arc approach uses additional Jeppesen-provided waypoints to define the arc. These waypoints are indicated by D as the first letter in the waypoint name. This is followed by three numbers which indicate the radial the waypoint lies on. The last letter indicates the radius of the arc.
Billard Muni (Topeka, KS) VOR or GPS Rwy 22

DONOTUSE FORNAVIGATION

NOTE: The letter/number DME arc names are being replaced with standard five-letter intersection names. You may encounter either naming convention for an approach you select.
This example is based upon a flight from Hutchinson (Kansas) Municipal (KHUT) to Billard Municipal (KTOP) in Topeka, Kansas. The VOR/DME runway 22 approach will be selected, along with D258G as the IAF. 1. Select Billard Muni (KTOP) as your destination, via the Direct-To key or as the last waypoint in a flight plan.
2. Press the PROC key and select the VOR 22 approach. From the transitions window, select LEBVY as the IAF. Also, select Load? (or Activate?, if already cleared direct to the IAF for the approach).

31 nm (from airport)

Billard Muni (Topeka, KS) VOR Rwy 22
If you havent already activated the approach (in step #2 above), be sure to do so when cleared for the approach.
Within 31 NM of KTOP, the 400W-series unit will switch from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale will transition from 2.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflection.
As you approach the IAF (LEBVY/D258G), a waypoint alert (LT TO 350 x S, meaning turn left to 350 in x seconds) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (LT TO 350 NOW).
less at the FAF. The change occurs over 2 NM and is completed by the FAF. 9. As you approach the FAF, RT TO 214 x S will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. Select this course on the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and turn to the final course segment (FAF to MAP) heading.
Follow the arc, keeping the CDI needle centered. When using an autopilot, the course select on the CDI (or HSI) must be periodically updated with the desired track (DTK) to ensure proper tracking through the arc. Whenever the course select setting and desired track differ by more than 10, a Set course to ### message will appear on the message page. The next point in the approach is an intermediate fix, labeled DMARY/D025G. As you approach this intermediate fix, a waypoint alert (RT TO 205 x S) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. As the distance to this fix approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (RT TO 205 NOW). Dial this course into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn to this course heading.

When within 45 of the final approach course and the FAF is the TO waypoint, the 400W-series unit will switch from terminal mode to approach mode. CDI scaling is tightened from 1.0 NM full scale deflection to either 0.3 NM or 2 full scale deflection whichever is
NOTE: Since this is not a GPS approach, the pilot should be using the VLOC receiver, tuned to the correct VOR (TOP) for navigation.
5 - PROCEDURES Vectors-To-Final Approach
10. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (RW22, the runway threshold). With the needle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. When viewing the map page, youll note that the final course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP.

Vectors to Final

Lets take a second look at the VOR 22 approach into Billard Municipal. Instead of following the DME arc, ATC tells you to expect vectors onto the final approach course. There are several ways to select vectors to final with the 400W-series unit. The first two options below will normally require the least workload to accomplish: hen the approach is first selected, choose VECW TORS from the transitions window. oad a full approach including the IAF from L the transitions window. When cleared, press PROC and select Activate Vectors-To-Final?.
11. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (ARRIVING WPT) will appear in the lower right corner. CDI scaling continues to tighten from 0.3 NM to 350 feet, full-scale deflection. 12. As you cross the MAP, SUSP will appear above the OBS key, indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP. A from indication will be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue. Do NOT follow this extended course. Follow published missed approach procedures using the OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence.
oad the full approach. Use the direct-to key (by L pressing it twice) from the active flight plan page to select the desired leg of the approach.
To select VECTORS from the transitions window:
Select Billard Municipal (KTOP) as your destination, using the direct-to key, or as the last waypoint in a flight plan. Press the PROC key and select the VOR 22 approach. From the transitions window, select VECTORS.
Flying the Vectors Approach
Select Load? (or Activate?, if already on vectors-to-final).

As you approach the IAF (SHUTR), a waypoint alert (LT TO 030 x S) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen.
If you havent already done so, press the VLOC flip-flop key to activate the ILS frequency. If you forget this step, the GNS 430W will display a reminder message (within 2 NM of the FAF) to activate the ILS frequency.
Once you have flown approximately one minute past SHUTR intersection, prepare for the procedure turn. Turn right to a heading of 075 to initiate the procedure turn. The GNS 430W will not guide you through the turn. (The procedure turn is displayed on the map page and indicated as the active leg on the default NAV and active flight plan pages.) The external CDI needle will start moving to the left.
As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (LT TO 030 NOW).
After approximately one minute, make a 180 left turn to a heading of 255 to intercept the ILS. The GNS 430W will sequence to the inbound leg and DTK 210 NOW will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. CDI coupling will automatically switch from the GPS receiver to the VLOC receiver as you complete the inbound turn. (If the ILS frequency has not been activated, per step #4, this automatic CDI switch will not occur.)
Fly the outbound course (030), keeping the needle centered on the external CDI (or HSI).
10. As the CDI needle starts to center, make a left turn to 210 to track the ILS approach course.
13. As you cross SHUTR, the destination sequences to the MAP (RW21, the runway threshold). With the needle on the external CDI (or HSI) centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. (When viewing the map page, youll note that the final course segment is displayed in magenta the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP.)
NOTE: From this point on, primary navigation is provided by the VLOC receiver. You may continue to use the GPS receiver for supplemental navigation guidance only. If automatic CDI switching is disabled (Manual selected), the reminder message Select VLOC on CDI for approach appears at 2.0 NM prior to the FAF. In this instance, you must press CDI to manually switch CDI output to the VLOC receiver and continue the approach.
11. As you approach the FAF (SHUTR), LNAV will appear in the lower left corner of the screen indicating a CDI scale transition from TERM to approach scaling. This scale transition applies only to the default NAV pages on-screen CDI, since the external CDI or HSI is now coupled to the VLOC receiver. 12. Also as you approach SHUTR, a waypoint alert (DTK 210 x S) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen.
14. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (ARRIVING WPT) will appear in the lower right corner. 15. As you cross the MAP, SUSP will appear above the OBS key, indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP.

IS D

Position atitude/Longitude (degrees/minutes L or degrees/minutes/seconds), MGRS or UTM/UPS User waypoints may only be selected by name (identifier), as described in the beginning of Section 6.
Turn the large right knob to highlight the position field at the bottom of the page. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the position coordinates for the new waypoint.
6 - WPT PAGES Creating User Waypoints

5. 6. 7.

Press ENT to accept the selected position. The cursor moves to Create?. Press ENT to add the new waypoint to memory. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor.
The cursor moves to the distance (DIS) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the distance from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint. Press ENT to accept the selected distance. Turn the large right knob to highlight Create? and press ENT.
To create a new user waypoint by referencing an existing waypoint:
With the user waypoint page displayed, press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Use the small and large right knobs to enter a name for the new waypoint and press ENT. Turn the large right knob to highlight the first reference waypoint (REFWPT) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint. The reference waypoint can be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or another user waypoint. Press ENT to accept the selected identifier. The cursor moves to the radial (RAD) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the radial from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint. Press ENT to accept the selected radial. 8.
Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor.
NOTE: The 400W-series units allow you to create a new user waypoint at a defined radial and distance from your present position. To reference your present position, follow the steps above, but press CLR in step #4. P.POS will appear in the reference waypoint (REFWPT) field to indicate that radial and distance information will reference your present position. The second reference waypoint field (REF WPT) is a temporary reference onlynot a reference that will be stored with the user waypoint. By default, this field will display a radial from the nearest VOR. However, you can select any waypointby identifierto use as a reference in this field. Your 400W-series unit can store user-defined
waypoints which are generated from other equipment in your panel. For example, an EFIS equipped with joystick inputs can be used to create user waypoints which will (if your installation supports this) automatically transfer to your 400W-series unit.
The cursor moves to the Create? action field. Press ENT to save the new waypoint.

Modifying User Waypoints

Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page
To modify an existing waypoint, select that waypoint on the user waypoint page and enter the new position information directly over the old information.

9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 more than 500 feet above or below an airspace, you will not be notified with an alert message; if you are less than 500 feet above or below an airspace and projected to enter it, you will be notified with an alert message. The default is 200 feet. CDI / Alarms allows you to define the scale for the 400W-series unit on-screen course deviation indicator. The scale values represent full scale deflection for the CDI to either side. The default setting is Auto. At this setting, the CDI scale is set to 2.0 NM during the en route phase of flight. Within 31 NM of your destination airport, the CDI scale gradually ramps down to 1.0 NM (terminal area). Likewise, when leaving your departure airport the CDI scale is set to 1.0 NM and gradually ramps up to 2 NM beyond 30 NM (from the departure airport). During approach operations the CDI scale gradually transitions down to an angular CDI scale. At 2.0 NM of the final approach fix (FAF), CDI scaling is tightened from 1.0 to the angular full scale deflection (typically the angular full-scale deflection is 2.0, but will be as defined for the approach). If a lower CDI scale setting is selected (i.e., 1.0 or 0.3 NM), the higher scale settings are not selected during ANY phase of flight. For example, if 1.0 NM is selected, the 400W-series unit uses this for en route and terminal phases and ramps down further during an approach. Note that the Horizontal Alarm (HAL) protection limits listed below follow the selected CDI scale, unless corresponding flight phases call for lower HAL. For example, if the 1.0 NM CDI setting is selected, full-scale deflection during approach will still follow the approach CDI scale settings.

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CDI Scale Auto (oceanic) 2.0 NM or Auto (en route) 1.0 NM or Auto (terminal) 0.3 NM or Auto (approach)
Horizontal Alarm Limit 2.0 NM 2.0 NM 1.0 NM 0.3 NM
An auto ILS CDI selection allows the 400W-series unit to automatically switch the external CDI from the GPS receiver to the VLOC receiver, when intercepting the final approach course. Or, select manual to manually switch the external CDI connection, as needed (using the CDI key). If the unit is installed with a KAP140/KFC225 autopilot, automatic switching will not take place. See AUX Setup 1 for ILS CDI Selection details.
CDI scales and corresponding Flight Phases:

Oceanic

En Route

Terminal

Approach
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 An arrival alarm, provided on the CDI / Alarms Page, may be set to notify you with a message when you have reached a user-defined distance to the final destination (the direct-to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan). Once you have reached the set distance (up to 99.9 units), an Arrival at [waypoint] message is displayed. Units / Mag Var allows you to configure the displayed data to standard or metric units of measure. This setting applies to distance, speed, altitude, fuel, pressure and temperature and also provides three variation (heading) options: Magnetic, True, or User. If Magnetic is selected, all track, course and heading information is corrected to the magnetic variation computed by the GPS receiver. The True setting references all information to true north. The User selection allows the pilot to enter values between 0 and 179 E or W. Position / Map Datum configures position readout information to the desired position format and shows the Map Datum. The NavData card uses the WGS 84 map datum to conform to WAAS requirements. Date / Time provides settings for time format (local or UTC; 12- or 24-hour) and time offset. The time offset is used to define current local time. UTC (also called GMT or zulu) date and time are calculated directly from the GPS satellites signals and cannot be changed. If you prefer to use local time, simply designate the offset by adding or subtracting the correct number of hours and minutes. Not all time zones are offset from UTC by a whole number of hours (e.g., Newfoundland, Central Australia, India, Iraq,.).

Approach downgraded Use LNAV minima This message will occur 60 seconds prior to the FAF if flying LNAV+V, L/VNAV, LP, or LPV approaches and WAAS integrity parameters have fallen below minimal limits. As a result, vertical guidance has been discontinued and the LP, LPV, LNAV+V, or L/VNAV approach you were flying has been downgraded. Approach is not active The approach could not transition to active, at 2 NM or closer to the FAF. Verify that SUSP DOES NOT appear directly above the OBS key, indicating the auto waypoint sequencing is suspended. Approaching target altitude The current GPS-computed altitude is within 500 feet of the final Vertical Navigation target altitude. Approaching VNAV profile You are within one minute of reaching the initial Vertical Navigation descent point. APR Guidance Available - Use PROC before A/P APR For units configured with the KAP140 or KFC225 autopilot, this message reminds pilots, when they turn on course to the FAF, that they need to enable autopilot outputs (by pressing PROC and selecting Enable A/P APR Outputs?) before switching the autopilot control panel to APR. Arrival at waypoint [waypoint name] You are within the arrival alarm circle for the indicated waypoint. The size of the arrival alarm circle is defined from the CDI / alarms menu option on the Setup Page. Audio database integrity error The 400W-series unit has detected a problem with the built-in HTAWS Audio Database. HTAWS audio alerts are not available. The unit should be returned to your Garmin dealer for service. Aviation database integrity error The 400W-series unit has detected a problem with a database on the NavData card. The data is not usable and the card should be returned to Jeppesen or your Garmin dealer for service.
Bad geometry, parallel offset not activated parallel offset is not activated because of flight plan geometry. Basemap database integrity error The 400W-series unit has detected a failure in the built-in basemap (land data) database. Land data does not appear on the Map Page. Other unit functions continue to work normally, however the 400W-series unit should be taken to your Garmin dealer for service at your earliest convenience. Boot block verify failed - Return unit for repair System integrity testing has determined that the boot block has become corrupted. Return the unit to your Garmin dealer for service. Cannot navigate locked FPL You have attempted to navigate a flight plan (FPL) with one or more locked waypoints. A waypoint can be locked when the NavData card is replaced and the waypoint(s) does not exist in the new database. Cant change an active waypoint An attempt has been made to modify the position of the active to or from waypoint. The 400W-series unit does not allow modifications to user waypoints currently being utilized for navigation guidance. Cant delete an active or FPL waypoint An attempt has been made to delete the active to or from user waypoint. The 400W-series unit does not allow you to delete user waypoints currently being utilized for navigation guidance. CDI key stuck The CDI key is stuck in the enabled (or pressed) state. Try pressing the CDI key again to cycle its operation. Check for proper operation of both the internal and remote keys (if present). If the message persists, contact your Garmin dealer for assistance. CDI key disabled The installation has disabled the CDI key so that systems (such as an EFIS) connected to the 400 series unit will always have GPS deviation data on one output (main) and VLOC deviation data on the other output (Nav). See your installer for more information.

The following navigation terms are used on the 400W-series and in this Pilots Guide:

WPT 2 NORTH

ETE (estimated time en route) The time it will take to reach the destination waypoint, from present position, based upon current ground speed. FF (fuel flow) The fuel flow rate, expressed in fuel units per time (e.g., gallons per hour). FOB (fuel on board) The total amount of usable fuel on board the aircraft. Geodesic an arc path that follows the shortest distance along an ellipsoid model of the earth (WGS-84). A geodesic is more accurate than a great circle which assumes a perfect sphere model of the earch. GS (ground speed) The velocity you are travelling relative to a ground position. HDG (heading) The direction an aircraft is pointed, based upon indications from a magnetic compass or a properly set directional gyro. IND (indicated) Information provided by properly calibrated and set instrumentation in the aircraft panel (e.g., indicated altitude).
ALT (altitude) Height above mean sea level (MSL). BRG (bearing) The compass direction from your present position to a destination waypoint. CAS (calibrated airspeed) Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors. CUM (cumulative) The total of all legs in a flight plan (such as cumulative distance). DIS (distance) The geodesic path from your present position to a destination waypoint. DTK (desired track) The desired course between the active from and to waypoints. EFF (efficiency) A measure of fuel consumption, expressed in distance per fuel units (e.g., nautical
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS LFOB (left-over fuel onboard) The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of one or more legs of a flight plan (or a direct-to). LRES (left-over fuel reserve) The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of a one or more legs of a flight plan (or a direct-to), expressed in time and based upon a known fuel consumption (flow) rate. MSA (minimum safe altitude) Uses Grid Minimum Off-route Altitudes (Grid MORAs) to determine a safe altitude within ten miles of your present position. Grid MORAs are one degree latitude by one degree longitude in size and clear all reference points within the grid by 1000 feet in areas where the highest reference point is 5000 feet MSL or lower. If the highest reference point is above 5000 feet, the Grid MORA will clear the highest reference point by 2000 feet. TKE (track angle error) The angle difference between the desired track and your current track. An arrow indicates the proper direction to turn to reduce TKE to zero.