Denon has chosen, for many of its acclaimed A/V receivers, with what we feel to be the most advanced and sonically beneficial Auto Setup and Room Eq system currently available, the MultEQxt system from Audyssey. Introduced first on the AVR-5805, MultEQxt is now available on the AVRs-4806, 4306, 3806 and the upcoming AVR-2807CI (March 06). Due to its complexity and differentiation from competitors systems, there have been many questions to what MultEQxt actually does, and with that, quite a lot of misinformation has been generated. With the assistance of Audyssey, Denon would like to provide you with an informative insight into this technology.

1. What is MultEQxt?

Audyssey MultEQxt is an acoustical correction technology that calibrates a Denon A/V Receiver so that it can achieve optimum performance for every listener within a large listening area. There are two components to MultEQxt: (i) (ii) Automatic Setup (Auto Setup) Multi-listener equalization.
During Auto Setup, MultEQxt first finds how many loudspeakers are connected in the system, then determines the loudspeaker type (satellite or subwoofer), checks the absolute polarity (phase) of each channel, and identifies the optimum crossover frequency for each loudspeaker and the subwoofer(s). After that it calculates the distance between each loudspeaker and the first microphone position in order to automatically set the appropriate delays. Finally, it identifies any level differences among the loudspeakers and automatically sets the trims. The multi-listener equalization process combines measurements from several locations within the listening area to create filters that address the acoustical problems arising from the interaction of sound with the environment.
How is MultEQxt different from other equalization methods?
There are two fundamental differences from every other Room Eq method available in AV receivers today. The first is that MultEQxt is not based on parametric equalization. Parametric equalization relies on a few bands that are centered at certain frequencies. These bands do not provide sufficient resolution to address many room acoustical problems. Also, parametric bands tend to interact so that changes at one frequency have undesirable results at nearby frequencies. Moreover, parametric equalization methods use a particular type of digital filter called Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) that only attempts to correct the magnitude response in the frequency domain. These filters can cause unwanted effects, such as ringing or smearing, in the time domain particularly as the bands get narrower. MultEQxt uses Finite Impulse 1
Response (FIR) filters for equalization that use sevral hundred coefficients to achieve much higher resolution in the frequency domain than parametric bands. Furthermore, by their nature, FIR filters simulatneously provide correction in the frequency and time domains. The second major difference is that MultEQxt combines multiple measurements to create equalization filters that better represent the acoustical problems in the room. Most other methods only perform a single point measurement and this can result in making other locations in the room sound worse than before equalization. There are some methods that use spatial averaging to combine multiple room measurements. Although this is a step above single-point correction, it does not always provide optimum correction. For example, it is common to find a peak at a certain frequency in one location and a dip at the same frequency at another nearby location. The averaging methods will add the peak and the dip and this will result in an apparent flat response at that frequency, thus causing the equalization filter to take no action. MultEQxt uses a clustering method to combine measurements so that acoustical problems are better represented, thus allowing the equalization filter to perform the appropriate correction at each location.
3. What is a target curve?
Once the room measurements are completed, MultEQxt calculates a filter for each loudspeaker channel including the subwoofer. The role of these filters is to achieve a particular frequency response within the entire listening area for each loudspeaker. This curve is determined based on several acoustical and program materiial considerations and is called a target or calibration curve.

4. What target curves does MultEQxt use?
Contrary to popular belief, a target curve that is flat from 20 Hz to 20 kHz is not always the one that will produce the correct sound. There are several reasons for this including the fact that loudspeakers are much more directional at high frequencies than they are at low frequencies. This means that the balance of direct and room sound is very different at the high and low ends of the frequency spectrum. In Denon A/V receivers equipped with MultEQxt, you have a choice of (4) listening target curves, or modes; please note for different source inputs, your prefered listening mode is remembered in Personal Memory Plus. These are: The Audyssey target curve setting makes the appropriate correction at high frequencies to alleviate this problem. A slight roll-off is introduced that restores the balance between direct and reflected sound. The Flat setting uses the MultEQxt filters in the same way as the Audyssey curve, but it does not apply a high frequency roll-off. This setting is appropriate for very small or highly treated rooms in which the listener is seated quite close to the loudspeakers. It is also recommended for all rooms when the receiver is in THX processing mode. This allows THX re-equalization to operate exactly as it was intended. The Front setting uses the MultEQxt filters that were calculated for the entire listening area, but it does not apply any filtering to the front left and right loudspeakers. The average measured response from the front left and right loudspeakers is used as the target curve for the remaining 2
loudspeakers in the system. The subwoofer in this case is equalized to flat as is the case for all the settings described above. Finally, the Manual setting is a traditional Graphic equalizer that does not use the MultEQxt filters. However the base curve that was measured during the Auto Setup process, can be copied to the Graphic EQ, where you can then make adjustments to your personal tastes, again no other properties of MultEQxt are applied with this setting.
5. Why does MultEQxt correct beyond 300 Hz?
There is a belief that room correction should only be applied to frequencies below 300 Hz or so because that is the frequency range in which most of the room problems occur. This belief is based on an inherent assumption that a properly designed loudspeaker will perform as desired at higher frequencies and thus require no correction. This is not at all contradictory to MultEQxt. If the loudspeaker is in fact properlly designed then no correction will be applied to it. One simple fact that the proponents of this theory seem to overlook is that even the best designed loudspeakers will suffer from artifacts at high frequencies produced by reflections from nearby flat surfaces such as plasma screens or cabinets. MultEQxt performs this kind of correction when it is needed to allow the loudspeaker to achieve the performance it was designed to have.

6. My speakers are wired correctly, why does MultEQxt give a Phase error?
MultEQxt detects absolute phase for each loudspeaker. Some loudspeakers are designed with intentional phase reversals in the drivers in order to address crossover problems. MultEQxt will detect that and report an error. The best course of action is to simply check the wiring and press Skip if it is correct. MultEQxt simply reports a possible wiring reversal, it does not automatically switch the phase.
7. My subwoofer is physically closer than the distance reported by MultEQxt. Why?
Many powered subwoofers do not provide the capability to defeat the built-in low-pass filter. These filters, by their nature, introduce additional delay in the signal and MultEQxt finds that and reports it. The optimum solution is to turn the filters off (often called LFE mode in subwoofers). If that is not possible, set the low pass frequency to the highest possible setting and leave the distance reported as it. MultEQxt will compensate for the added delay and time align the subwoofer to the satellite channels so that the optimum blend is achieved.
8. How many listening locations can be measured?
The equalization performance increases with the number of measurements. Audyssey recommends a minimum of 4 with most rooms performing best with 6 measurements. The maximum number of measurements is limited by the available memory in the receiver or controller and in some products can go up to 8. Depending on the model of Denon A/V 3
receiver, the number of points that can be measured is the only difference in the MultEQxt system. (i) AVR-5805 and 4806 offer 8 points of measurement
(ii) AVR-4306, 3806 and 2807 offer 6 points of measurement
9. Does the microphone have to be placed in each seat?
No. The ideal calibration consists of 68 measurements that encompass the listening area. It is important to have the microphone in the main listening position for the first measurement so that the delays are calculated correctly. After that, the mic should be moved around so that it covers an area within which listeners will be seated.
10. Is the supplied Denon microphone calibrated?

Yes, the Denon microphone is calibrated to a industry-standard measurement microphone. The correction is applied to the measurements as they are being taken. It is important to use ONLY the microphone that comes with the Denon A/V receiver, as the calibration curve built-in to the receiver is specific to that microphone. It is also critical to point the microphone upwards and to place it at ear height. Any other microphone will have different characteristics and thus will not produce the right results. Denon offers (2) different models of microphones, the DMS305 (AVR-5805/4806) and DM-S205 (all other AVRs featuring Auto Setup and/or Room EQ) microphones have different calibration curves and are NOT interchangeable.
11. Does MultEQxt eliminate the need for acoustic treatment?
No. Although MultEQxt will improve sound significantly in untreated rooms, a properly treated room calibrated with MultEQxt can achieve stunning results throughout the listening area.
12. How well does MultEQxt work at low frequencies?
This is one of the unique strengths of MultEQxt. Room correction methods based on parametric equalization do not have enough bands or processing power to apply correction in the bass frequency range. MultEQxt uses a unique implementation of FIR filters that achieves very good resolution at frequencies below those that standard FIR filters can reach. The resolution of the MultEQxt filters varies with frequency and this allocates more of the filter correction power where it is needed the most: in the lower frequencies. NOTE: Early production models of the AVR-5805 and 4806 did not accurately process low frequencies, however firmware has been released to correct this. Please visit the product pages for each model on the Denon website, www.usa.denon.com/ProductDetails/AVReceivers.asp, for more information.
13. Does MultEQxt compensate for loudspeakers placed behind a projector screen?
If the calibration is performed with the screen in place, MultEQxt will automatically create filters for behind-the-screen loudspeakers that compensate for the screen loss.

14. What happens to the MultEQxt settings when the parameters are changed?
MultEQxt corrects for room acoustical problems. Changes in the tone controls do not change the filter performance. They do change the tonal balance based on the preferences of the customer. The benefit of MultEQxt is that it allows a customer (or installer) tone control setting to work on all program material in a much more predictable way than it would on an uncalibrated system. Changes made to the crossover frequency or small and large settings of the loudspeakers do not affect the performance of the MultEQxt filters.
15. Is there a danger of overdriving the loudspeakers by using MultEQxt?
No, MultEQxt filters are calculated by taking into account the capability of the loudspeaker and the overall gain structure of the system. Limits in correction are imposed at each frequency to prevent the loudspeakers from being overdriven.
16. How can the performance of MultEQxt be measured?
Proper frequency response measurement requires the right equipment. This includes a calibrated microphone and software that can perform averaging over time and space. Unfortunately, many of the programs available on the internet or elsewhere do not perform room measurements correctly and this can give rise to misleading results. For example, many only allow a single microphone position and do not perform time averaging. The simple solution of using a test disc with sinusoidal tones and a sound pressure level meter is also inappropriate for measuring room responses because of the sensitivity of sinusoids to standing waves. For recommendations on proper room measurement techniques and software please contact Audyssey Laboratories directly, www.audysseylabs.com.

Audyssey Laboratories

Personal Experience ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Research Idea Patent Product Development Secure rights to patents Financing Building a team Building a brand

Audyssey Background

! Chris Kyriakakis and Tom Holman (inventor of THX) founded the Immersive Audio Lab in 1996 ! After years of research
! Fully understand and solve the problem of sound and room acoustics ! Several PhD students, and more than 100 technical papers and 4 books
What We Do ! Improve the quality of sound by developing proprietary audio signal processing technology ! Only deliver technologies that improve sound quality as never before possible ! Research, research, research followed by product development ! Expertise in acoustics, psychoacoustics, sound reproduction, audio signal processing, and software development

All Rooms Distort Sound

Sound quality is not very good and different in each seat because of interaction of loudspeakers with room acoustics

Until Now.

MultEQ Delivers Optimal Sound in Each Seat
! ! ! ! Intelligibility is improved, voices are natural Musical balance is restored Seamless surround envelopment Precise imaging and more accurate soundstage
Capturing Data with MultEQ - Fuzzy Clustering

MultEQ Filter

Cabin Representative Response
Cluster Representative Responses
MultEQ Improves Frequency Response in Every Seat

Seat 1

Seat 2
Original Sound (no EQ) Audyssey

Seat 3

Seat 4

Time Domain Problems

Measured Response Seat 1

Measured Response Seat 2

Amplitude

Loudspeaker problems

Measured Response Seat 3

Measured Response Seat 4

Dashboard Reflection

Window Reflection

MultEQ Improves Time Domain in All Seats

MultEQ Response Seat 1

MultEQ Response Seat 2

MultEQ Response Seat 3

MultEQ Response Seat 4
First peak is narrower and larger: better speaker performance Signal after rst peak is reduced: better cabin sound
The Result Is a Higher Quality Listening Experience ! Voices and dialog become focused and intelligible ! Musical balance is restored ! The soundstage is made seamless and enveloping ! Audyssey provides a tool set to make the process fast and easy ! Audyssey tuning tools and Audyssey MultEQ technology create a high quality sound experience
Market and Competitive Environment

Enabling Sound

Improving Sound

Audyssey products

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Changing Sound
Special Effects Dolby Virtual SRS - WOW, Tru-surround BBE Others

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! In most of our markets Audyssey employs a pure licensing model
! Manufacturers pay on a per unit basis quarterly to license products ! No cost of goods
! In the Audyssey installer model, installers pay a license to install products
! Audyssey provides an installer kit and PC software
! Standalone box - the Sound Equalizer is sold directly to high end installers and retailers
Building a Team ! Started with 1 Prof and two grad students
! 2 years of doing everything from product development to sales and marketing
! Expanded to 10 people within 6 months of raising rst round
! Professional CEO, DSP engineers and Director of Operations

! Currently 31 people

! DSP engineers, software development, research, business

The Branding Challenge

SPATIAL EQ
Awards for Products with Audyssey
! ! ! Best of CES 2006: Denon AVR-2807 Product of the Year, Sound and Vision Magazine: Denon AVR-5805 Best of CEDIA 2005: Loudspeakers
! Phase Technologies dARTS system with Audyssey MultEQ XT
Best High-End Component, European Imaging and Sound Association (EISA), 2005-2006 Best AV Receiver, Home Cinema Choice 2005
! Denon AVC-A1XV Receiver with Audyssey MultEQ XT

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