Developer Note

Macintosh PowerBook G3

11/10/97 Technical Publications Apple Computer, Inc. 1997

Apple Computer, Inc.

1997 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. Printed in the United States of America. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the keyboard Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Innite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, Mac, Macintosh, and PowerBook are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated or its subsidiaries and may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
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Contents

Preface
About This Developer Note
Contents of This Note vii Supplemental Reference Documents vii Conventions and Abbreviations viii Typographical Conventions viii Abbreviations ix

Chapter 1

Delta Guide to the Macintosh PowerBook G3 Computer
New Features 2 Microprocessor and Cache 2 Processor Clock Speeds 3 Amount of RAM Installed 3 Hard Disk Size 4 20X-Speed CD-ROM Drive 5 External Monitor Support 5 Built-in Ethernet and Modem Card 6 Hot Swapping of Expansion Devices 6 System Software 7 Changes in the ROM 7 Changes in the Disk Software 7 Conguration 7 Compatibility Issues 8 RAM Expansion Card 8 Machine Identication 8 System Software 8 RAM Expansion Guidelines 9 New PSX+ Memory Controller 9 RAM Devices and Address Multiplexing 9 RAM Expansion Buffers 12 Compatible RAM Expansion Card 12 RAM Expansion Card Electrical Limits 13

Figures and Tables

Figure 1-1 Table 1-1 Table 1-2 Table 1-3 Block diagram of the PowerBook G3 computer Monitors and pixel depths supported Types of DRAM devices 10 Address multiplexing 4

P R E F A C E

This developer note describes the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer, a new Macintosh PowerBook computer based on the PowerBook 3400. This developer note describes only the changes that make the new computer different from its earlier counterpart. For a complete description of the PowerBook 3400 computer, see Supplemental Reference Documents, later in this preface. This developer note is intended to help hardware and software developers design products that are compatible with the Macintosh products described here. If you are not already familiar with Macintosh computers or if you would simply like additional technical information, you may wish to read the supplementary reference documents described in this preface. This note is published only in electronic form, as an Adobe Acrobat PDF (portable document le). The le is available from two sources:

on the World Wide Web at

http://devworld.apple.com/dev/dnotes3.shtml
on the Reference Library Edition of the Developer CD Series, which is distributed as part of the monthly mailing to registered developers.

Contents of This Note

This note has only one chapter: a delta guide describing the differences between the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer and the PowerBook 3400 computer. Because the note is so short, it has no index.
Supplemental Reference Documents
For a complete description of the PowerBook 3400 computer, developers should have the earlier developer note for that computer. Adobe Acrobat PDF (portable
document le) versions of all developer notes are available on the Developer CD and on the World Wide Web at http://dev.info.apple.com/reference.html For a description of the version of the Mac OS that comes with the new computer, developers should refer to Technote 1102, Mac OS 8. The technote is available on the Technote web site at http://devworld.apple.com/dev/technotes.shtml Printed copies of the Technote are available from Field Copy and Printing, telephone 1-415-323-3155. The Technotes are also available on the reference library issues of the Developer CD. For more information about the PowerPC G3 microprocessor used in the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer, developers may wish to refer to the standard reference, PowerPC 740/750 Microprocessor Implementation Denition Book IV. Information about the G3 microprocessors is also available on the World Wide Web at http://www.mot.com/SPS/PowerPC/index.html Developers should also have copies of the relevant books of the Inside Macintosh series, available in technical bookstores.
Conventions and Abbreviations
This developer note uses the following typographical conventions and abbreviations.
Typographical Conventions

A note like this contains information that is of interest but is not essential for an understanding of the text. N

IMPORTANT

A note like this contains important information that you should read before proceeding. L

Abbreviations

When unusual abbreviations appear in this book, the corresponding terms are also spelled out. Standard units of measure and other widely used abbreviations are not spelled out. Here are the standard units of measure used in this developer note: GB K kbps M MB Mbps gigabytes 1024 kilobits per second meg (1,048,576) megabytes megabits per second MHz mV A ns V megahertz millivolts microamperes nanoseconds volts
Other abbreviations used in this note include: ADB AWAC CD-ROM DAC DRAM IC IDE L2 LSB MSB PCI PDF PMU PSX RAM ROM SCSI Apple Desktop Bus audio waveform amplier and converter compact disc read-only memory digital-to-analog converter dynamic RAM integrated circuit integrated device electronics level 2 or second level, a type of cache least signicant bit or byte most signicant bit or byte Peripheral Component Interconnect, an industry-standard expansion bus portable document le power management unit memory controller and PCI bus converter IC random-access memory read-only memory Small Computer System Interface

SRAM SVGA VGA

static RAM super video graphics adapter video graphics adapter

C H A P T E R

Figure 1-0 Listing 1-0 Table 1-0
The Macintosh PowerBook G3 is a high-performance laptop computer based on the PowerBook 3400 computer. This chapter is a delta guideit compares the new computer with its earlier counterpart, describing only the changes and new features. For complete descriptions of the previous model, see the developer note for the PowerBook 3400 computer. For information about obtaining the developer note, see Supplemental Reference Documents (page vii).

New Features

The new features in the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer include:
third-generation PowerPC G3 microprocessor with an integrated L2 cache controller 512 KB of L2 cache on a backside bus processor clock speed of 250 MHz and cache bus speed of 100 MHz 32 MB of RAM installed larger capacity internal hard disk: 5 GB a faster built-in CD-ROM drive: 20X-speed improved support for an external monitor at up to 24 bits per pixel a built-in ethernet/modem card with improved performance support for hot swapping of devices in the expansion bay an upgraded system ROM to support the faster clock speeds the latest system software, Mac OS 8

I I I I I I I I I I

The new features are described in the following sections.

Microprocessor and Cache

The new family of PowerPC microprocessor designs is called G3, for generation three. The G3 microprocessors have several new features that contribute to improved performance, including:
a built-in L2 cache controller and cache tag RAM
faster clock speed for the L2 cache on a backside bus microprocessor core optimized for Mac OS applications
The data storage for the backside L2 cache consists of 512 KB of fast static RAM on the main logic board. The backside cache controller and the cache tag storage are built into the microprocessor chip. The cache controller includes bus management and control hardware that allows the cache to run at sub-multiples of the processors clock speed, rather than at the slower clock speed of the main system bus. The arrangement of the backside cache is shown in Figure 1-1, the block diagram of the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer. The PowerPC G3 microprocessor comes in a slightly larger package than the PowerPC 603e microprocessor used in the PowerBook 3400 computer. The package depth is the same, but the PowerPC G3 IC runs hotter so the heat sink has been modied.
The PowerPC G3 family of microprocessors includes the PowerPC 740 and the PowerPC 750; the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer uses the PowerPC 750.

Processor Clock Speeds

The clock speed of the PowerPC G3 microprocessor in the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer is 250 MHz. The backside L2 cache runs at 100 MHz, which is twice the 50 MHz clock speed of the main system bus.

Amount of RAM Installed

The Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer comes with 32 MB of RAM installed on the main logic board. The optional RAM expansion card is similar to the one used in the PowerBook 3400, giving the PowerBook G3 a maximum total RAM capacity of 160 MB.
For information about the RAM expansion card, see RAM Expansion Guidelines beginning on page 9. L

Hard Disk Size

The storage capacity of the built-in hard disk in the new Macintosh PowerBook G3 models is 5 GB.

Figure 1-1

Block diagram of the PowerBook G3 computer
Processor/memory subsystem
Input/output subsystem ADB port PMU power manager IC

Address

L2 cache
PowerPC 603ev microprocessor

Trackpad Keyboard Power

Data Address Data
AWAC sound IC O'Hare I/O and disk controller Internal IDE hard disk
Sound in Sound out Serial port A Port B [IR] SCSI

RAM expansion card

PSX+ memory controller and PCI bus bridge

Buffer

Video/display subsystem

PCI bus

Video DRAM

Expansion bay

Video DAC
Zoom video Buffer TI 1130 PCI to PC card bridge

Flat panel display

PC card slots

External video

20X-Speed CD-ROM Drive
The Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer includes a built-in 20X-speed CD-ROM drive. The drive supports the worldwide standards and specications for CD-ROM and CD-digital audio discs described in the Sony/Philips Yellow Book and Red Book. The drive can read CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CD-I, and PhotoCD discs as well as play standard audio discs.

External Monitor Support

Like the PowerBook 3400, the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer has a built-in interface for an external video monitor. A new video controller (CT 65554) has a 64-bit data path for higher performance. A larger video RAM (2 MB) supports bit depths of up to 24 bits per pixel on larger monitors. Table 1-1 shows the resolutions and pixel depths for the various monitors.

Table 1-1 Monitor type

Monitors and pixel depths supported Resolution Bits per pixel
12-inch color 12-inch monochrome 13-inch and 14-inch color VGA and SVGA SVGA SVGA Full-page monochrome Full-page color 16-inch color Apple 15-inch multiple scan Apple 15-inch multiple scan Apple 15-inch multiple scan Apple 17-inch multiple scan
512 by by by by 480* 800 by by by by by by by 600* 832 by by 480
8, 16, 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 8, 16 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24

continued

Monitors and pixel depths supported (continued) Resolution Bits per pixel
Apple 17-inch multiple scan Apple 17-inch multiple scan Apple 17-inch multiple scan Apple 20-inch multiple scan Apple 20-inch multiple scan Apple 20-inch multiple scan Apple 20-inch multiple scan NTSC TV monitor NTSC TV monitor PAL TV monitor PAL TV monitor
800 by 600* 832 by by by by 600* 832 by by by 384* 640 by by 480* 768 by 576
8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24 8, 16, 24
NOTE An asterisk indicates the startup resolution. Other resolutions can be selected
using the Monitors and Sound control panel or the control strip.
Built-in Ethernet and Modem Card
The built-in ethernet and modem card occupies the internal PCI expansion slot. It is similar to the ethernet and modem card used in the PowerBook 3400, except it is built in and has better performance. Compared with the previous modem card, the new cards transfer rates are 20 to 30 percent higher.
Hot Swapping of Expansion Devices
The Macintosh PowerBook G3 supports hot swapping of expansion bay modules with oppy disk or IDE devices. Of course, if the user removes a disk drive with an open le on it, the system will display a dialog box asking the user to replace the drive. As in the PowerBook 3400, expansion bay modules with PCI devices can be installed or removed only when the power is off.

System Software

The system software shipped with the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer is Mac OS 8. For a list of the features of Mac OS 8, see Technote 1102, Mac OS 8. To nd out how to obtain Apple Computers Technotes, see Supplemental Reference Documents (page vii). You can also nd information about Mac OS 8 on the Developer World web site, at http://www.devworld.apple.com/MacOS8/index.html

Changes in the ROM

The ROM software has been modied to support the higher processor clock speeds and the larger L2 cache.
Changes in the Disk Software
The following changes have been made in the system software on the hard disk: The CD Setup application now supports the Macintosh 20X-speed CD-ROM drive. The Drive Setup application now supports the 5 GB hard disk drives.

Conguration

The Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer comes in one conguration and has the following specications:

I I I I I I I I

processor clock speed of 250 MHz backside L2 cache of 512 KB L2 cache clock speed of 100 MHz 32 MB of main RAM installed system bus clock speed of 50 MHz 5 GB internal hard disk built-in 20X CD-ROM drive oppy disk drive module installed in the media bay
12.1-inch active-matrix color display with backlight support for an external video monitor at up to 24 bits per pixel

Compatibility Issues

Except for the changes described in this developer note, the features of the new Macintosh PowerBook G3 models are the same as those of the PowerBook 3400 computer. There should be no compatibility problems with applications and peripherals that operate correctly with the PowerBook 3400 computer, with the exceptions described in this section.

RAM Expansion Card

The RAM expansion card for the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer is similar to the one for the PowerBook 3400 computer, but with a few important differences. For a complete description of those differences, see the section RAM Expansion Guidelines (page 9).

Machine Identication

The new Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer has a new machine ID value. The Gestalt Manager returns a gestaltMachineType value of 313 (hexadecimal 139). Inside Macintosh: Overview describes the Gestalt Manager and tells how to use the gestaltMachineType value to obtain the machine name string.
For a description of the version of the Mac OS that comes with the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer, developers should refer to Technote 1102, Mac OS 8. Information is also available on the Apple Developer World web site, at http://www.devworld.apple.com/MacOS8/index.html

RAM Expansion Guidelines

Like the PowerBook 3400, the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer accepts one internal RAM expansion card. The RAM expansion card has the same mechanical and electrical characteristics as the card for the PowerBook 3400, with the exceptions described in this section.
New PSX+ Memory Controller
The Macintosh PowerBook G3 uses a new memory controller IC called the PSX+ in place of the PSX IC used in the PowerBook 3400. The PSX+ IC supports higher clock speeds for the main system bus. The PSX+ also has certain other differences from the PSX:
The PSX+ does not support 16-megabit DRAM devices congured as 2M x 8 bits with 12 x 9 address multiplexing. The PSX+ does not support RAM expansion modules designed for the PowerBook 3400 using 64-megabit DRAM devices congured as 4M x 16 bits. Those modules have address bits 9 and 10 swapped; modules for the Macintosh PowerBook G3 must have those address bits connected directly and not swapped.
RAM Devices and Address Multiplexing
The PSX+ used in the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer supports most but not all of the RAM devices supported by the PSX. Table 1-2 lists several types of DRAM devices and species whether each type is supported by the PSX and PSX+ ICs.
The Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer supports only the types of DRAM devices specied for use with the PSX+ in Table 1-2. Other types of DRAM devices should not be used with this computer. L

Table 1-2

Types of DRAM devices Address bit conguration Row bits Column bits

Device size

Use with PSX

Use with PSX+

512K by 8 1M by 4 or 1M by 16 1M by 4 or 1M by 16 2M by 8 2M by 8 4M by 4 4M by 16
Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, with bits 9 and 10 swapped No No No
Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes, with no swapping of address bits Yes No No
4M by 16 8M by 8 16M by 4
For each type of DRAM device supported by the PSX+ IC in the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer, Table 1-3 shows how the signals are multiplexed during the row and column address phases. The numbers in square brackets at the top of the table identify the signals on the RAM address bus that are connected to the devices address pins. The rows in the table show the address bits that drive each address pin during row addressing and column addressing.
The address bits in Table 1-3 are numbered in PowerPC notation: MSB to LSB from left to right, starting with bit 0. Some other documentation uses the MC680x0 notation where MSB is bit 31. To convert from one convention to the other, simply subtract each bit number from 31. N

Table 1-3

Address multiplexing DRAM address signals connected to device address pins
Device size and address bits, row x column 512K by 8, 10 x 9
Row address bits Column address bits
1M by 4 or 1M by 16, 10 x 10

2M by 8, 11 x 10

4M by 4 or 4M by 16, 11 x 11
4M by 4 or 4M by 16, 12 x 10

RAM Expansion Buffers

Like the PowerBook 3400 computer, the Macintosh PowerBook G3 computer requires buffers on the RADDR(011), /RAMWE, RAMOE, /RAS(n), and / CAS(n) signals. In addition, the buffer devices must have input hysteresis to ensure that the outputs of the buffers do not oscillate during the time when RESET is low and the PSX ICs outputs are in the high-impedance state. A suitable buffer device is IDTs 74FCT163244CPA, which has 150mV of input hysteresis.
Compatible RAM Expansion Card
RAM expansion cards using the appropriate types of DRAM devices as shown in Table 1-2 (page 10) will work in both PowerBook 3400 and Macintosh PowerBook G3 computers. There are two exceptions: 2M by 8 devices with 12 x 9 address bits, which will not work at all in the PowerBook G3 computer, and 4M by 16 parts with 12 x 10 address bits, which would work on both computers if address pins 9 and 10 could be congured to match the computer. It is possible to design a RAM expansion module using 4M by 16 parts with 12 x 10 address bits so that the module can be used on both PowerBook 3400 and PowerBook G3 computers. The module can detect which type of computer it is installed in by testing pin 1 of the memory connector. In the PowerBook G3 computer, pin 1 is a no connect; in the PowerBook 3400, pin 1 is connected to ground. Developers can design an address conguration circuit that is controlled by using pin 1 as an ID pin. A self-conguring card must still meet the timing and electrical requirements described in the developer note for the PowerBook 3400, in particular
When the computer is in sleep mode, the current required to operate the conguration circuit must be less than 100 A. Any signal delay through the conguration circuit must be included in the 5 ns maximum allowable address and signal line propagation delay.
The possibility of a self-conguring RAM expansion card arises only in the case of cards using 4M by 16 DRAM devices with 12 x 10 address bits. Cards using 2M by 8 devices with 12 x 9 address bits will not work in the PowerBook G3 computer at all. Cards using other types of devices shown as supported in Table 1-2 (page 10) will work in both machines. L
RAM Expansion Card Electrical Limits
The RAM expansion card must not exceed the following maximum current limits on the +3 V supply: Active Standby Sleep 500 mA 24 mA 12 mA per bank
The maximum current specied for active operation generally rules out the use of 4-bit DRAM devices in a RAM expansion card. Such a card would have 16 such devices, and the 500 mA maximum current would allow only about 30 mA per device. To keep within the current limits, RAM expansion cards should use only 8-bit or 16-bit DRAM devices. During sleep mode in a PowerBook computer, the RAM devices are being refreshed at the rate of 12.6 sec per row, with the devices in standby mode the rest of the time. The restriction on sleep current is required not only to maximize the battery life but to meet the limitations of the backup battery during hot swapping of the main battery.

The developer note for the Macintosh PowerBook 3400 Computer gives a maximum current limit of 12 mA during sleep mode. That is an error; the correct specication is 12 mA per bank for up to 4 banks.

A P P L E

P U B L I S H I N G

S Y S T E M

This Apple manual was written, edited, and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and FrameMaker software. Line art was created using Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop. Text type is Palatino and display type is Helvetica. Bullets are ITC Zapf Dingbats. Some elements, such as program listings, are set in Adobe Letter Gothic.

WRITER

Allen Watson III

ILLUSTRATOR

Karin Stroud

DEVELOPMENTAL EDITOR

Donna S. Lee

PRODUCTION EDITOR

Gerri Gray Special thanks to Peter Baum, John DiFonzo, Steve Sfarzo, and Fernando Urbina.

Installing Apple PowerBook GDisplay
You will do this after you have taken out the hard drive.

2011 iFixit CC BY-NC-SA

www.iFixit.com

Page 1 of 10

Step 1 - Keyboard
Pull the keyboard tabs toward you while lifting up on the keyboard until it releases from it's hold. To lift the keyboard out pull it up and away from you. Then place the keyboard on the track pad.

Step 2

Pull the keyboard ribbon vertically from the logic board to release connection. The connector may be tight and difficult to remove. If stuck try rocking the connector back and forth while pulling up until it releases. This same process can be used for many of the connectors on this device. Remove battery and CD/DVD drives before proceeding any further.

Step 3

Your computer should look approximately like this.

Page 2 of 10

Step 4 - RAM
Remove the two silver Phillips #1 screws that attach the heat shield to the metal framework. Lift the heat shield up and toward you.

Step 5

Pull the PRAM battery cable vertically upward to disconnect it. Remove the battery by pulling up and to the left.

Step 6

Remove the two T8 Torx screws that attach the heat sink to the processor. Remove the long silver Phillips #1 screw from the heat sink.

Page 3 of 10

Step 7
Lift up the heat sink unit from the left side and remove.

Step 8

Lift the processor on the right side and pull directly up. The RAM chips should be in the slots on the processor.

Step 9

After removing the RAM, your laptop should now look like this.

Page 4 of 10

Step 10 - Hard Drive
Locate the orange tab, which should be just left of the hard-drive. You must disconnect this orange tab from the logic board to enable the next step. It is better to do this by grabbing the plastic connection point, not the relatively flexible cable.

Step 11

Grab the plastic strip shown here and gently remove, pulling up and left. Pull left to avoid the hard drive catching the casing.

Step 12

Once you have removed the hard-drive, your laptop should like this.

Page 5 of 10

Step 13 - Modem
Remove the single black Torx screw from the modem. Remove the black rectangle that is being held on by the one Torx screw.

Step 14

Using your fingers, lift the modem from the socket it is plugged into.

Step 15

Disconnect the cable that is attached to the end of the modem to remove the modem.

Page 6 of 10

Step 16 - Display
Your computer will look approximately like this.

Step 17

Push the display back. Put your index finger under the power button and gently pull the clutch cover back. Repeat for the left side.

Step 18

Lift the clutch cover up and off. Pull it towards yourself.

Page 7 of 10

Step 19
Disconnect the display cable from the logic board.

Step 20

Remove the Torx screw that holds the display cable. Pull out thick display inverter board by pulling it up and out. Two tabs will be holding it in place, you need to get pass these to pull the board free.

Step 21

Disconnect the white inverter cable. Pull it towards the left.

Page 8 of 10

Step 22
Disconnect the inverter plug by pulling it up from the logib board.

Step 23

Turn the laptop around. Open the port door. Remove the four Torx screws.

Step 24

Turn the laptop so the front faces you. Pull the black Airport antenna up.

Page 9 of 10

Step 25
Pull the display up as you hold it firmly with both hands.
To reassemble your device, follow these instructions in reverse order.
This document was last generated on Jun 3, 2011.

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