FM Tuners: NAD and Parasound
Reviewed by Charles Hansen and Nancy and Duncan MacArthur
PHOTO 1: The NAD C 420 stereo tuner.
NAD C 420 stereo AM/FM tuner. NAD Electronics International, 633 Granite Court, Pickering, Ontario, Canada L1W 3K1, (800) 263-4641, www.NADelectronics.com. $249 U.S. Dimensions: 435mm W 70mm H 285mm D. Net weight: 8.8 lbs (4kg). Warranty: two years parts and labor. Parasound TDQ-150 stereo tuner. Parasound Products, Inc., 950 Battery St., San Francisco, CA 94111, (415) 397-7100, www.parasound.com. $269 U.S. Dimensions: 9.5 W 1.75 H 7 D. Net weight: 4 lbs. Ten-year limited warranty. The NAD C 420 and Parasound TDQ150 AM/FM stereo tuners repre-
sent the budget end for high-end tuners. These two manufacturers higher-priced tuners (NAD C 440, $349; and the full-size Parasound TDQ-1600, $400) offer better FM sensitivity and lower audio distortion specifications. However, if you dont require fringe area reception, these two tuners represent excellent values.

NAD C 420

Photo 1 shows the C 420 front panel. Just above the power switch on the left is a small green LED indicator, which turns amber in Standby mode. A row of six push buttons selects Blend, Memory, FM Mute/Mono, AM/FM, Display modes, and Preset/Tune functions. The white fluorescent display
PHOTO 2: Front view of Parasound TDQ-150.
screen shows the band and frequency of the station being tuned, FM stereo, whether the station is a memory preset, and whether Blend and FM Mute are engaged. It also has a vertical seven-bar-graph signal strength indicator. Pressing the display button cycles the display to RDS program service. Another push cycles it to RDS text. The display then returns to the default mode after a few seconds. The infrared sensor is located on the left side of the display window. A rocker switch on the right side of the unit is for the Preset/Tune functions. The tuner chassis is black painted steel, and the cover is held on with five screws. The front bezel is plastic and the unit sits on four plastic feet with elastomer rings on the bottom. There is adequate finger space under the unit to easily lift it. The rear panel (not shown) has the attached two-prong polarized AC line cord, a +12V trigger jack, the NAD-Link input and output jacks, stereo audio jacks with goldplated shells and tin center contacts, a two-conductor AM
antenna connector, and a threaded 75 F-type FM antenna jack. The C 420 provides up to 30 station presets, which you can use in any combination of AM and FM stations. FM Mute and FM Blend status information is stored with each FM preset. Empty presets are skipped over during tuning to provide quicker access to the stored stations. The preset information is stored in non-volatile EEPROM memory, which provides permanent poweroff storage. Many tuners use super capacitors to hold the preset memory in CMOS chips for a limited timemaybe a month or so. My own NAD 4155 uses a nowtired super cap, and it must be powered up at least once a week to maintain all the presets. FM Mute/Mode switches the C 420 to mono and disengages the muting circuitry so you can manually tune weak stations. FM Blend provides a means to automatically reduce noise and hiss on weak stations while still retaining some stereo separation. Once the signal level drops below a certain threshold, it will revert to mono. The tuning increments for FM are in

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steps of 50kHz. The AM tuning steps are 10kHz (9kHz for the 230V version). The RDS PS (Program Service) automatically displays the name of the radio station you are listening to. The RDS RT (Radio Text) button displays any additional information broadcast by the radio station, such as program format, song titles, and so on. You can operate the C 420 with one of NADs system remote controls via the front panel IR sensor, or through the rear panel NADLink jacks. You can also switch tuner AC power from amps, preamps, and AV processors that use the 12V-trigger system. Eight pages of the 43-page manual are devoted to instructions in English. Other languages are French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Swedish. Programming isnt all that intuitive, so there is a two-page section on storing, recalling, and labeling presets. Ancillary items include an AM loop antenna, the usual FM dipole antenna, and a set of generic RCA audio interconnects.

PARASOUND TDQ-150

The TDQ-150 (Photo 2) is half the width, height, and depth of most conventional audio components. It is designed for main or remotezone use in a custom sound system installation where space is at a premium. The unit sits on four plastic feet with foam-rubber inserts. Holes are provided on the front plate for rack mounting. The

unit is very light and easy to move. The front panel has six push buttons: On-Off, FM-AM, Preset Up/Down, and Tune Up/Down. The yellow backlit LCD display shows band and frequency, the selected station preset, and a stereo/mono indicator. The rear panel (not shown) has an IEC power receptacle with integral fuse holder, external IR control port, +12V trigger jack, audio output jacks with gold-plated shells and tin center contacts, a two-conductor AM antenna connector, and a threaded 75 F-type FM antenna jack. The third pin of the AC receptacle is not connected to the chassis. The TDQ-150 comes with a fullfunction remote control with separate on and off codes, Zpre Zone Preamplifier control, and AC line and DC triggering capabilities. To store memory presets you must use the remote. While the operation is a bit more intuitive than the NAD C 420, I still prefer the car radio method: tune the station, press the preset button for 5 seconds, voil, youre done! You can assign up to 30 presets to any AM or FM stations. The CMOS memory retains preset stations by means of a super-capacitor for up to 30 days without AC power. RDS program service data or text is not displayed. FM mono is automatically engaged below 15V RF signal level. The tuning increments for FM are the odd 200kHz U.S. spacings. The AM tuning steps are 10kHz.
The ten-page manual is entirely in English. Ancillary equipment includes the remote control with batteries, power cord, FM dipole antenna, 300-to-75 balun, and AM loop antenna with self-adhesive bracket.

INSIDE THE NAD C 420

Photo 3 shows the NAD C 420 with the cover removed. The power transformer occupies the left rear
of the chassis, and connects to the switch/LED board in the left front. The display/control PC board sits behind the front panel. Occupying most of the right side of the chassis is the large single-sided phenolic tuner board. A schematic was not furnished with the unit. The display board connects to the tuner board through three ribbon cables, and the power transformer secondary connects via
PHOTO 3: Interior view of NAD C 420.

A-2091-1

FIGURE 1: Frequency responseFM tuners.

TABLE 1

NAD C 420 SPECIFICATIONS AND MEASURED RESULTS
FM SECTION SPECIFICATIONS NAD C 420 MEASURED RESULTS

Usable sensitivity, mono Usable sensitivity, stereo Mono quieting @ 50dB Stereo muting/blend Stereo quieting @ 50dB S/N, A-wtd, 65dBf, mono S/N, A-wtd, 65dBf, stereo Frequency response THD, 1kHz mono THD, 1kHz stereo THD, 10010kHz, mono Separation, 1kHz Capture ratio, 45dBf Image rejection, 400kHz Auto search threshold Output impedance Output level
2.2V, IHF 16V, IHF 23.3dBf, 4.0V (75) 40.2dBf, 28V (75) 3015kHz, 1.5dB 0.20% 0.30% >45dB 2.4dB >60dB
22dBf, 3.4V (75) 36dBf, 17V (75) 25dBf, 5V (75)

A-2091-2

FIGURE 2: FM quietingNAD C 420.
37dBf 38dBf, 22V (75) 71dB 69dB 2015kHz, +1.2, 0.5dB 0.087% 0.29% 0.22% 54dB 27dBf 420, 1kHz 550mV, 1kHz

A-2091-3

FIGURE 3: FM quietingParasound TDQ-150.

audioXpress June 2002 61

CRITIQUENAD C 420, PARASOUND TDQ-150, AND ADCOM GFT-555II
By Nancy and Duncan MacArthur Some years ago we moved toward a minimalist audio system: one source, one volume control, one amplifier, and one set of speakers. In the process we eliminated much equipment, including our old Dynaco FM-5 tuner. In the intervening years we forgot how much fun playing with a tuner could be. After burning in the NAD C 420, the Parasound TDQ-150, and the ADCOM GFT555II, we spent hours flipping through the FM band, finding a huge variety of musicsome pieces familiar, some not. We ran across Navajo chants, opera, rock, symphonies, and Spanish music, not to mention the local deejay who termed himself the Commissar of Your Radio Commune. Eventually the situation got out of hand. When the public radio station ran a long program of Colombian music, I found myself dancing around the living room to the Swamp Cumbia. Halfway through the song, I turned and ran smack into a scandalized eleven-year-old. Cut it out, Mom, he growled. Whatever for? I asked. He considered the matter briefly. Cause if you dont, Im gonna get out the video camera and put you on the Internet. Oh. Perhaps it was time to stop dancing and start writing this review. REVIEWING TUNERS An FM tuner review requires a different listening approach from reviews of other components. Local FM stations rarely provide a clean, uncompressed signal. Even if their signal quality is good, they typically dont play the same piece repeatedly for the convenience of reviewers. Obviously, under these circumstances a listening critique of tuners cant be as rigorous as critiques of other components. But at least three aspects of tuner performance beyond lab test results have some importance. First, listening tests may reveal some sonic differences. If the tuners all sound the same, well say so; when we hear obvious differences, well point them out. Second, if the sonic signatures are similar, the choice may devolve upon price, features, and operational convenience. Third, a brief comparison between these tuners and other sources may be useful. Our goal is to give you an idea of what to expect before making a purchase. The NAD C 420 and the Parasound TDQ-150 arrived from the manufacturers by way of Chuck Hansens lab. The ADCOM GFT-555II was an older model borrowed from Ed Dell for use as a baseline. We burned in each tuner with an antenna signal sufficient to exceed its muting threshold for at least 100 hours. Tuners are significantly easier to burn in than many other components because they do not have moving parts or large sources of heat. The sound of the NAD and Parasound changed significantly over the burn-in period. (Presumably the ADCOM had burned in long ago.) Following burn-in, we listened to each tuner in turns using the same set of popular and classical stations. As might be anticipated, the popular stations provided a horribly compressed signal. (On the other hand, they frequently played songs we knew well.) The rest of the reproduction system was identical in each case, and all three tuners were plugged into the same circuit of a Monster Cable HTS 2000 power conditioner. Each tuner also receives the AM band, although we concentrated on FM performance in this review. ANTENNAS The reception quality of any tuner critically depends on the antenna connected to it. For all our serious listening we used a multi-element roof-mounted Radio Shack special. Out of curiosity we briefly connected the twin lead dipoles supplied in each box to their respective tuners. Because most of the stations we listen to are about a hundred miles away, we didnt anticipate satisfactory performance from the dipoles. Table 1 lists the number of stations in our area that each tuner received cleanly. When we say cleanly, we mean with lack of noise and sibilant distortion. (Many more stations were intelligible from a DXers standpoint.) Practically speaking, all these sensitivities were comparable except for the NADs reception with the indoor dipole. All three tuners exhibited good sensitivity when attached to a real antenna. Even if your system hasnt suffered from them before, the introduction of an external antenna that is grounded for safety reasons often causes a ground loop. The antenna safety ground is likely to be located far from the audio system ground and may easily be at a different potential. These problems may be exacerbated by a grounded tuner (such as the Parasound) but can be present even if the tuner itself is ungrounded. Numerous companies, including Jensen, Mondial, Tributaries, and MIT, manufacture products intended to break these ground loops. APPEARANCE The NAD C 420 is a rarity among components: a good-looking black box, well proportioned with an elegant oval display window. Its preset/tune rocker echoes the shape of its display window. The most salient feature of the Parasounds appearance is its tiny sizeroughly half as wide, half as high, half as deep as the other tuners. (If you have a 17 rack, you could mount the Parasound side-by-side with its matching preamplifier.) The ADCOM GFT-555II is a standard chunky black box; its most noticeable feature is a long row of buttons on the front panel. Popping open the Parasound reveals a single, densely packed, PC board. The board dominates the interior of the Parasound and fills the available space. Although the Parasound is much smaller than the other tuners, it weighs about the same. The NADs main PC board is well laid out and less densely packed. It fills about half the enclosure. As you might expect in an older component, the ADCOMs main board nearly fills its box. Although all three tuners are well laid out and cleanly constructed, the NAD and ADCOM probably would be easier to service or modify due to the extra elbow room within the enclosure. EASE OF USE Both the Parasound TDQ-150 and the ADCOM GFT555II were easy to use. The Parasound has five frontpanel buttons and includes a remote. To set the presets you must use the remote. (You can tune the presets sequentially using buttons on the front panel). The remote is also handy for changing stations and accessing the presets in random order; in addition, it has preamplifier controls intended for use with a matching preamplifier (also half rack width). The Parasound uses the U.S. frequency interval of 0.2MHz and can be tuned rapidly across the FM band. The 30 presets on this tuner are accessible in sequence by the up-and-down buttons on the front panel. We preferred the random access ability provided by the remote. The tuning buttons on the Parasound operate in two modes. A short press on one of the tuning buttons will change the frequency by 0.2MHz. According to the manual a continuous press will tune to the next strong station; however, our sample would not stop at any station regardless of strength. Like the Energizer Bunny, it kept going and going and going. The ADCOM GFT-555II has only 16 presets (8 AM and 8 FM) but has an individual front-panel button permanently assigned to each. It thus provides totally random access for setting and tuning the preset frequencies. The ADCOM didnt come with a remote, and its manual makes no mention of remote capability. It tunes in 0.1MHz intervals. The ADCOM has three modes of tuning. A short press on one of the tuning buttons will change the frequency by 0.1MHz, and a continuous press will tune continuously. Activating the FM scan switch will stop the tuning at the next strong station. These features are straightforward and easily understood; describing them here takes more time than learning to use them. The NAD C 420 also features 30 presets that are accessible sequentially from the front panel. A remote control is optional with the NAD: its the same remote supplied with the matching NAD preamp, and the manufacturer doesnt want to charge you twice. If you buy the tuner but not the preamp, we would strongly recommend purchasing the remote separately. Many of the NADs features were not self-explanatory: we frequently had to refer to the manual. The technique for erasing presets, which required multiple timed pushes of two buttons, seemed particularly opaque. Different buttons operated in different ways. Some toggled front-panel lights, and some didnt. We had to push some for a certain number of seconds to enable one feature and a different number of seconds to enable another. The NAD uses a seek mode of tuning: it stops at every strong station whether you want it to or not. This characteristic becomes less important once the presets are set but can lengthen the process of moving from one end of the band to the other. This tuner also incorporates RDS, a useful feature if nearby stations transmit RDS information and if the

NUMBER OF STATIONS RECEIVED CLEANLY FOR EACH TUNER/ANTENNA COMBINATION.
OUTDOOR ANTENNA INDOOR DIPOLE
NAD C 420 Parasound TDQ-150 ADCOM GFT-555II

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TABLE 2
PARASOUND TDQ-150 SPECIFICATIONS AND MEASURED RESULTS
FM SECTION SPECIFICATIONS PARASOUND TDQ-150 MEASURED RESULTS
Usable sensitivity, mono Mono quieting @ 50dB Stereo muting (Fixed) Stereo quieting @ 50dB S/N, A-wtd, 65dBf, mono S/N, A-wtd, 65dBf, stereo Frequency response THD, 1kHz mono THD, 1kHz stereo THD, 10010kHz, mono Separation, 1kHz Separation, 10010kHz Alt. ch. selectivity, 400kHz Capture ratio, 45dBf AM suppression Auto search threshold Output impedance Output level
11.0dBf, 1V (75) 37.2dBf, 20V (75) >74dB 3015kHz, 1dB 0.08% 0.20% 50dB 40dB 80dB <1.5dB 60dB
10dBf 11dBf, 1V (75) 40dBf 40dBf, 27V (75) 74dB 68dB 2015kHz, +0, 0.5dB 0.09% 0.15% 0.28% 58dB
20dBf 600, 1kHz 580mV, 1kHz
eight individual wires. The shielded MOSFET RF front end sits just behind the two antenna connectors. A Sanyo LA7218 and LA1837 chip set handles PLL frequency synthesis and AM/FM tuning and RDS decoding operations. The EEPROM preset storage memory chip is under the wide ribbon cable. The FM tuner appears to have a
three-stage IF (intermediate frequency) section. A pair of emitterfollower audio transistors feed the audio jacks.

INSIDE THE TDQ-150

Photo 4 shows the interior of the TDQ-150 tuner. The power transformer sits on the left side of the chassis, with the display/control
PC board behind the front panel. The compact double-sided epoxy tuner board occupies most of the chassis. A schematic was not furnished with the unit. The display board connects to the tuner board through three Molex-style connectors, and the right side wiring loops through a toroidal ferrite core. The transformer secondary is hard-wired to the PC board, where a pair of fuses deliver low-voltage AC to the power supply. The power transformer primary remains energized when the tuner is plugged in. The front panel On-Off switch operates a power-supply relay that switches the low-voltage secondary. Linear regulators provide +5V DC and 12V DC to the circuitry. The shielded MOSFET RF front end sits just behind the AM antenna connector. A Sanyo LA3401 and LA1266 chip set handles PLL frequency synthesis and AM/FM tuning operations. The FM tuner appears to have a two-stage IF section, with ground braid straps connecting the IF

transformer cases to the RF frontend shield. Parasound describes it as an ultra-wideband IF section for low distortion, flat response, and a wide dynamic range. Several audio transistors are located near the output jacks, so the TDQ-150 also appears to have a discrete audio output stage.
MEASUREMENTSNAD FM SECTION
I did not run any tests on the AM sections of either tuner, except to make sure they were functional. The C 420 does not invert polarity. The output impedance at 1kHz was 420, delivering 550mV into a load of 100k. The frequency response (Fig. 1) was within +1.2, 0.5dB from 20Hz to 15kHz. The response curve above 10kHz may not be entirely accurate. In this area there are three filter responses: the 75s pre-emphasis and steep 16kHz LP filter on the audio that is fed to the FM signal generator, and the 75s de-emphasis in the tuner under test. Audio crosstalk perfor-
signals are changingin a car, for example. Neither possibility holds true in a fixed installation in the U.S. (Only one station in our area broadcasts an RDS signal.) Clearly the NAD is intended for European markets as well as the U.S. The C 420 has RDS capability and a multilingual manual, and it tunes in 0.05MHz increments, requiring four steps between U.S. stations. SOUND JUDGMENTS Given an adequate antenna, all three tuners produced a completely acceptable sound. One small exception: all three grated on us occasionally during operatic soprano solos, but we ascribed this effect to the listeners taste rather than to the tuners. None of the tuners bested our reference SACD player (Sony SCD C333ES) sonically, a not-unexpected result. Although all three tuners sounded pleasant, each had a distinct sonic signature. The sound of the NAD could best be characterized as inoffensive: most defects in reproduction were subtractive rather than additive. The midbass response of the NAD was slightly loose or boomy; this effect was especially apparent on rock recordings. The NADs response seemed a bit recessed at both frequency extremes, but this effect was small and may have been due to the source material. The NAD presented a good soundstage, extending from speaker to speaker, but the images within this stage were not particularly well defined. The NADs sound seemed slightly compressed, even more compressed than the source material. This effect was especially noticeable when we listened to classical music stations, which tend to transmit less compressed signals. The Parasound produced a precise, detailed sound. I characterized it as having detail and clarity, while

Duncan saw it as having a slight high-frequency emphasis. In any event, the high-frequency response was clean, extended, and never fatiguing. The Parasounds imaging was sharp and well-defined. Its soundstage was similar to the NADs; however, the detail and clarity of the Parasound extended to the spatial characteristics as well. With well-recorded material the images of individual instruments were well separated and sized appropriately. The Parasound seemed capable of reproducing as much dynamic information as was transmitted. In comparison, the ADCOM presented a smooth, natural sound. No frequency region was missing or particularly emphasized. The soundstage was very wide, occasionally extending beyond the speakers. The ADCOMs imaging was somewhat smeared: each instrument appeared to originate from a space several feet across rather than a single location. The dynamics produced by the ADCOM were good without being obtrusive. Again, with this tuner we had the impression that the dynamic range was limited more by the transmitted signal than by the tuner. FINAL THOUGHTS NM: All three tuners had a pleasant sound; none produced fatigue even after hours of listening. To choose among them, focus on which specific characteristics mean most to you. If looks are your top priority, buy the NAD. If you plan to make extensive modifications, pick the NAD or the ADCOMyoull have more working room. If you want a spare, precise sound with good imaging and good dynamics, go for the Parasound. If you prefer a fuller sound, again with good dynamics, look for the ADCOM on the used-equipment market.
DM: As with most decisions, the choice of best tuner in this group depends on which features are most important to the buyer. Both the NAD and the Parasound are currently available; you would need to purchase a used ADCOM. Both newer tuners have automation features (remote control, DC switching, and so on) that are not available on the ADCOM. The ADCOM was designed as a stand-alone stereo tuner, while both the NAD and the Parasound seemed intended to be part of a home theater system. Both the NAD and the Parasound are visually interesting, although in different ways. I like the small size of the Parasound, but this same size would make it less appropriate in a stack of 17 components (unless you pair it with Parasounds matching preamp, amplifier, or phono preamp.) The ADCOM is supremely easy to use but lacks some features in comparison with its remote-controlled brethren. (If you purchase the NAD, I strongly recommend buying the optional remote controluse of the presets, in particular, is arcane when using the front-panel controls.) Sonically each tuner offers a different picture. Depending on the program material, I alternately preferred the sound of either the Parasound or the ADCOM. The Parasound possesses good imaging and a very detailed sound. It works well in a tube-based system, such as ours, which has a smooth high-frequency response and no need of additional bass emphasis. The ADCOM is fuller and arguably more natural but lacks some detail when compared to the Parasound. Although the NAD didnt match well with our system, it might be better matched to a solid-state system that could use a bit more bloom in the lower midrange.

audioXpress June 2002 63

mance was 54dB at 1kHz. THD+N at 1kHz was 0.087% mono, and 0.29% stereo. During distortion testing, I engaged the test set 80kHz low-pass filter to limit the out-of-band noise. THD from 10010kHz, mono, did not exceed 0.22%. The mono audio distortion residual waveform shows mainly the second harmonic, overlaid with noise. The C 420 tuner quieting charac-
teristics are shown in Fig. 2. I had to switch to FM/Mute mode to measure mono sensitivity. The station auto search threshold, where it would stop at the signal generators frequency during a station scan, was 27dBf. There was no overload at the maximum RF input of 100dBf. The audio output disappeared when I moved the FM test signal 50kHz to either side of the tuned center frequency. Stereo audio output was 0.9dB below
the mono audio at 65dBf signal strength. The seven bars of the displays tuning strength meter change at the RF signal levels are: Bar 1 (always on) Bar 2 at 25dBf Bar 3 at 30dBf Bar 4 at 33dBf Bar 5 at 36dBf Bar 6 at 39dBf Bar 7 at 41dBf
MEASUREMENTS PARASOUND FM SECTION
Again, I did not run any tests on the AM section, except to verify its operation. The TDQ-150 inverted polarity; the tuners audio output being out of phase with the composite audio signal fed to the FM signal generators varactor modulator. The output impedance at 1kHz was 600, delivering 580mV into a load of 100k. The TDQ-150 tuner frequency response (Fig. 1) was within +0, 0.5dB from 20Hz to 15kHz. Crosstalk performance at 1kHz measured 58dB.
THD+N at 1kHz was 0.09% mono, and 0.15% stereo. THD from 10010kHz, mono, did not exceed 0.28%. The mono audio distortion residual waveform again showed mainly the second harmonic, overlaid with noise. The TDQ-150 quieting characteristics are shown in Fig. 3. The station auto search threshold was 20dBf. There is no method for manually switching the FM/Mute mode, and the tuner switches back to mono at a high 40dBf, right where the 50dB stereo quieting occurs. The audio output didnt disappear until I moved the FM test signal 150kHz to either side of the tuned center frequency, probably reflecting the reduced sensitivity of the two-stage IF design. This is not an issue with the U.S. 200kHz FM radio station spacings. There was no overload at the maximum RF input of 100dBf. Stereo audio output was only 0.3dB below the mono audio at 65dBf signal strength.

PHOTO 4: Interior view of Parasound TDQ-150.
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Stereo AM/FM Tuner
GB Owners Manual F D E I P S Manuel dInstallation Bedienungsanleitung Manual del Usuario Manuale delle Istruzioni Manual do Proprietrio Bruksanvisning
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

CAUTION ATTENTION:

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN
RISQUE DE CHOC ELECTRIQUE NE PAS OUVRIR
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
Warning: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this unit to rain or moisture. The lightning flash with an arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage within the products enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons. The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the product. Do not place this unit on an unstable cart, stand or tripod, bracket or table. The unit may fall, causing serious injury to a child or adult and serious damage to the unit. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket or table recommended by the manufacturer or sold with the unit. Any mounting of the device on a wall or ceiling should follow the manufacturers instructions and should use a mounting accessory recommended by the manufacturer. An appliance and cart combination should be moved with care. Quick stops, excessive force and uneven surfaces may cause the appliance and cart combination to overturn. Read and follow all the safety and operating instructions before connecting or using this unit. Retain this notice and the owners manual for future reference. All warnings on the unit and in its operating instructions should be adhered to. Do not use this unit near water; for example, near a bath tub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. The unit should be installed so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation. For example, it should not be situated on a bed, sofa, rug or similar surface that may block the ventilation openings; or placed in a built-in installation, such as a bookcase or cabinet, that may impede the flow of air through its ventilation openings. The unit should be situated from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves or other devices (including amplifiers) that produce heat. The unit should be connected to a power supply outlet only of the voltage and frequency marked on its rear panel. The power supply cord should be routed so that it is not likely to be walked on or pinched, especially near the plug, convenience receptacles, or where the cord exits from the unit. Unplug the unit from the wall outlet before cleaning. Never use benzine, thinner or other solvents for cleaning. Use only a soft damp cloth. The power supply cord of the unit should be unplugged from the wall outlet when it is to be unused for a long period of time. Care should be taken so that objects do not fall, and liquids are not spilled into the enclosure through any openings. This unit should be serviced by qualified service personnel when: A. The power cord or the plug has been damaged; or B. Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the unit; or C. The unit has been exposed to rain or liquids of any kind; or D. The unit does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance; or E. The device has been dropped or the enclosure damaged.
POUR VITER LES CHOC ELECTRIQUES, INTRODUIRE LA LAME LA PLUS LARGE DE LA FICHE DANS LA BORNE CORRESPONDANTE DE LA PRISE ET POUSSER JUSQUAU FOND. TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, MATCH WIDE BLADE OF PLUG TO WIDE SLOT FULLY INSERT.
If an indoor antenna is used (either built into the set or installed separately), never allow any part of the antenna to touch the metal parts of other electrical appliances such as a lamp, TV set etc.

ATTENTION

CAUTION

CAUTION POWER LINES

Any outdoor antenna must be located away from all power lines.
OUTDOOR ANTENNA GROUNDING
If an outside antenna is connected to your tuner or tunerpreamplifier, be sure the antenna system is grounded so as to provide some protection against voltage surges and built-up static charges. Article 810 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA No. 70-1984, provides information with respect to proper grounding of the mast and supporting structure, grounding of the lead-in wire to an antenna discharge unit, size of grounding conductors, location of antenna discharge unit, connection to grounding electrodes and requirements for the grounding electrode. a. Use No. 10 AWG (5.3mm2) copper, No. 8 AWG (8.4mm2) aluminium, No. 17 AWG (1.0mm2) copper-clad steel or bronze wire, or larger, as a ground wire. b. Secure antenna lead-in and ground wires to house with stand-off insulators spaced from 4-6 feet (1.22 - 1.83 m) apart. c. Mount antenna discharge unit as close as possible to where leadin enters house. d. Use jumper wire not smaller than No.6 AWG (13.3mm2) copper, or the equivalent, when a separate antenna-grounding electrode is used. see NEC Section 810-21 (j). EXAMPLE OF ANTENNA GROUNDING AS PER NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN ARTICLE 810 - RADIO AND TELEVISION EQUIPMENT.
NOTE TO CATV SYSTEM INSTALLER: This reminder is provided to call the CATV system installers attention to Article 820-40 of the National Electrical Code that provides guidelines for proper grounding and, in particular, specifies that the ground cable ground shall be connected to the grounding system of the building, as close to the point of cable entry as practical.
DO NOT ATTEMPT SERVICING OF THIS UNIT YOURSELF. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL
Upon completion of any servicing or repairs, request the service shops assurance that only Factory Authorized Replacement Parts with the same characteristics as the original parts have been used, and that the routine safety checks have been performed to guarantee that the equipment is in safe operating condition. REPLACEMENT WITH UNAUTHORIZED PARTS MAY RESULT IN FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK OR OTHER HAZARDS.

REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS

FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
NAD C420 Stereo AM/FM Tuner
NOTES ON INSTALLATION Your NAD C420 should be placed on a firm, level surface. Avoid placing the unit in direct sunlight, near sources of heat and damp or in poorly ventilated positions. It comes with RCA leads for connection to your amplifier. Ensure that leads and connectors are not damaged in any way and all connectors are firmly pushed home. If the unit is not going to be used for some time, disconnect the plug from the AC socket. Should water get into your NAD C420, shut off the power to the unit and remove the plug from the AC socket. Have the unit inspected by a qualified service technician before attempting to use it again. Do not remove the cover, there are no user-serviceable parts inside. Use a dry soft cloth to clean the unit. If necessary, lightly dampen the cloth with soapy water. Do not use solutions containing benzol or other volatile agents. QUICK START Use the RCA-to-RCA lead to connect the NAD C420 left & right outputs to the Tuner Input of your amplifier. 1. Plug in the AC power cord. 2. Connect C420s output to amplifier. 3. Connect AM and FM antenna. 4. Press the POWER button (No. 1) to turn on the NAD C420. 5. Press the AM/FM button (No. 6) to select AM or FM reception. 6. Press Preset/Tune button so that PRESET isnt lit in display; the tuner is now in Tune mode. 7. Use TUNE/PRESET or to select a station. REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS 1. FM ANTENNA A ribbon wire FM antenna is included and should be connected to the FM connector at the rear of the unit using the supplied balun adapter (see fig 1). The ribbon aerial should be mounted on a vertical surface and placed so that it forms a T. Experiment with placement of the antenna to find the position that gives the best signal strength and lowest background noise. An inadequate FM signal normally results in high levels of hiss, especially in stereo, and interference from external electrical sources. In areas of poor FM reception, the tuner sections performance can be improved by using an externally mounted FM antenna. A qualified aerial installer will be able to advise and fit a recommended aerial for your reception conditions. 2. AM ANTENNA An AM loop antenna is supplied with the NAD C420 and is required for AM reception. To connect the AM antenna, first press the keys on the Antenna terminals downwards. Insert the bare antenna wires into the two terminal holes and push the connector keys upwards again to secure the connection (see fig 2). Test various positions for the antenna but always ensure the loop is placed vertically for best reception. Placing the antenna close to large metal items such as metal shelves or radiators may interfere with reception. 3. OUTPUT Using twin RCA-to-RCA leads, connect to the left (white) and right (red) audio outputs to the Tuner input or other line-level input such as Aux input of your amplifier. Do not connect this cable to the amplifiers Phono input. 4 4. NAD-LINK IN OUT The NAD-Link connector is used to pass commands from other units fitted with NAD-Link connectors. This allows centralised control of a complete system, and also allows some of the basic functions of other NAD components (such as a CD player or cassette-deck) also equipped with NAD-Link to be controlled with an NAD system remote control. To function with such other units, connect the C420s NAD-Link Out to the NAD-Link In on the other unit. NAD-Link connectors can be daisy-chained, IN to OUT, so that a whole system can be controlled from the remote control facilities of one unit. NOTES: The NAD C420 has a built-in receiver for commands from a remote control and doesnt need to rely on NAD Link to be remotely operated. It is advisable not to connect NAD-Link if the other units that have their own built-in remote control command receiver and are positioned together, in direct view from the remote control handset. If you are unsure, try operating the products without NAD-Link first; If the unit responds to the remote control command, it will not be necessary to connect NAD-Link. Never loop the last unit back to the first NAD unit in the NAD-Link chain. Unplug all units from the mains before connecting or disconnecting NAD-Link. 5. 12V TRIGGER IN This input allows the C420 to be switched remotely to Stand-by and On by ancillary equipment such as an amplifier or preamp, AV processor, etc. which are also equipped with a 12V trigger output. For switching Stand-by/Power On of the C420 by an external component, connect the12V-trigger input of the C420 to the remote components DC output jack. The plug required is a standard 3.5mm Mini-Jack plug (mono): The tip is the live or + connection, the shaft of the input jack is the 12V-trigger - or ground connection. NOTES: The C420s 12V Trigger will work within a range of 6 to 15 V DC level and typically draws less than 10mA of current. Check the specifications of the Trigger output terminal on the remote component to ensure it is compatible with the C420s 12Vtrigger input. NAD components equipped with 12V output triggers are fully compatible with the C420s 12V input trigger. Before making any connections to any 12V trigger input or output, make sure all components are disconnected from the AC mains. Failure to observe the above may result in damage to the C420 or any ancillary components attached to it. If in doubt over the connections, installation and operation of the 12V trigger output consult your NAD dealer. 6. AC LINE CORD Plug the AC power cord into a live AC wall socket or to an AC convenience outlet at the rear of your amplifier.

FRONT PANEL CONTROLS 1. POWER ON/OFF POWER switches the tuner on or off. Pressing the Power switch turns the Tuner on, the Display Panel and Power Status Indicator (No. 2) will light up. Pressing the Power button again will switch the unit off. NOTES: The C420 has a receiver for remote control commands built-in. Most NAD system remote control handsets with an On/Off toggle button or separate On and Off button will be able to switch the tuner from On to Stand-by and vice-versa. The C420 uses a memory back-up system to store Preset information. This information is retained for several weeks, even if the unit is switched off completely or unplugged. When switching power On, the C420 will go back to the station last tuned to before the unit was turned off. This will allow you to make timer recordings using an external timer and recorder. 2. POWER STATUS INDICATOR The Power Status Indicator will light up green when Power is on. When the tuner is switched to Stand-by mode (through either a remote control or the 12V trigger input) the indicator will light up amber. When the unit is switched off completely, it is off. 3. BLEND Weak or remote stereo radio stations are sometimes received with noise and hiss as the antenna signal is too weak. By switching the tuner to mono will reduce the amount of noise and hiss but at the expense of any stereo information. The NAD Blend feature will allow you to reduce the amount noise and hiss but still retain some level of stereo separation, instead of mono. The Blend button toggles between engaging or disengaging the Blend feature; when engaged, BLEND lights up in the display. NOTE: The Blend status can be stored for individual presets. Refer to the separate chapter Storing, Recalling and Labelling Presets for more information. 4. MEMORY The Memory is used to store stations into the Preset Memory bank and to store user defined names for non-RDS Preset stations. When Memory is pressed during normal operation, the Preset number and the red MEMORY indicator will flash in the Display Panel. If no other buttons are pressed within 12 seconds, the tuner will revert to its previous state. Refer to the separate chapter Storing, Recalling and Labelling Presets for more information. 5. FM MUTE/MODE This button combines two functions; it switches the tuner from Stereo to Mono and disengages the muting circuitry at the same time. The muting circuit will mute the tuner in between radio stations when searching or tuning. This way the tuning noise is avoided. The muting circuit however may suppress very weak radio station signals. If a weak station is in stereo it will have a high level of background hiss. Switching to Mono Mode and disengaging the muting circuit by depressing the FM MUTE/MODE button will allow the station to be heard and will cancel most or all of this background noise. In normal operation the mute circuit is engaged, the display indicates FM MUTE. Press the FM Mute/Mode button to disengage the muting circuit and switch from stereo to mono reception. FM MUTE in the display will extinguish. Press the FM Mute/Mode switch again to return to Auto Stereo FM operation.

NOTE: The FM Mute/Mode status can be stored for individual presets. Refer to the separate chapter Storing, Recalling and Labelling Presets for more information. 6. AM/FM The AM/FM button switches the tuner from the AM band to the FM band and vice-versa. The Display Panel shows the frequency of the tuned station and which band is selected. The FM tuning is in 0.05 MHz increments, AM tuning is in 9 kHz or 10 kHz increments, depending on the version. 7. DISPLAY With stations carrying RDS information, The Display button scrolls between three different display modes, each successive push of the button engages the next one of the three modes: a) In the default mode, the stations RDS name is displayed, Program Service (PS; normally the stations calling letters, BBC R3, for instance). b) From the default mode, press the button once to view Radio Text (RT). This can be additional information such as the presenters or programs name; what song is playing, etc. This text scrolls continuously over the 8 alphanumeric display segments. c) Press the button from the display RT mode to display the station frequency. Press again to return to the default mode (a). When tuned to a non-RDS station The Display button toggles the display to show either the station frequency or user entered station name. If no user name was entered the display will indicate NO RDS. The Display button is also used to label non-RDS stations with a name. Refer to the separate chapter Storing, Recalling and Labelling Presets for more information. 8. PRESET/TUNE The Search/Preset button toggles between two different modes: a) Preset mode: In this mode you can use the Tune/Preset button (No. 10) to select a Preset. When Preset Mode is selected PRESET will scroll once through the display and the PRESET indicator lights up in the display. b) Tune mode: By pressing the Tune/Preset button (10) or you can engage automatic or manual tuning respectively down or up the frequency band. When Tune mode is selected, TUNE will scroll through the display once. 9. DISPLAY AREA The display area gives all vital information on the status of the tuner. Displayed are: Band and frequency of current station, RDS PS (station name), or RDS Radio Text. The latter two only if RDS is available; select using the Display button (No. 7). If an FM Stereo broadcast is received. If the FM station also broadcasts RDS. If Memory has been engaged Preset number if the current station is stored in the tuners memory bank. If Blend and FM Mute/Mode are switched On. Radio Signal Strength. The bars just below ANTENNA indicate the radio stations signal strength. The more bars are lit, the stronger the station. NOTE: The infrared sensor, which receives commands from a remote control (not supplied), is located on the left side of the display window. There must be a clear line-of-sight path from the remote control to this window; if that path is obstructed, the remote control may not work. 5

10. PRESET/TUNE AND The function of these buttons depends on the tuning mode selected with the Preset/Tune button (No. 8). The Preset button toggles between the two operation modes: a) Preset mode (indicated in the display area): Press the (down) button to scroll to a lower number Preset; press the (up) button to scroll to a higher Preset number. This is a wrap-around function, so that going from the highest number Preset, the tuner will go to the lowest Preset number or vice-versa when tuning either up or down. b) Tune mode: Press the (down) or (up) button for more than 1 second to engage automatic tuning respectively up or down the frequency band. The tuner will search automatically for the first reasonably strong radio station, where it will stop. Press the Down/Up button again for 1 second to start searching again. By briefly tapping the (down) or (up) buttons you can engage manual tuning respectively up or down the frequency band for precise tuning to a specific frequency. With each successive tap of the keys, the tuner will take 0.1 MHz steps (120V version) or 0.05 MHz steps (230V version) on FM so you can accurately tune into the desired frequency. For AM the tuning steps are set at 10 kHz (120V version) or 9 kHz (230V version). This tuning mode can also be useful when trying to receive a radio station, which is too weak for the auto search mode. When tuned accurately to a station, TUNED will light up in the display. The muting circuit, however may suppress very weak radio station signals. If such a very weak station is in stereo it will have a high level of background hiss. Switching to Mono Mode and disengaging the muting circuit by depressing the FM MUTE/MONO button (No. 5) will allow the station to be heard and will cancel most or all of this background noise. NOTES: Automatic tuning is available on both FM and AM. Some NAD system remote controls, compatible with the NAD C420, have Preset Up and Down functions. Even if the C420 is in Tune Mode, these remote controls Preset Up and Down buttons will only change presets. The Preset/Tune and buttons are also used in conjunction with the Memory (No. 4) and Display (No. 7) buttons to add and memorise user defined names to Presets. Refer to the separate chapter Storing, recalling and naming Presets for more information. STORING, RECALLING AND LABELLING PRESETS Up to 30 presets in total can be stored in the C420s memory bank; these can be any mix of either AM or FM stations. When scrolling through the presets, empty preset places will be skipped; it is thus possible to go from preset No. 4 to No. 7 without having seen No. 5 and 6. With the presets you can also store whether you want Blend (No. 3) and FM Mute/Mode (No. 5) to be activated as well every time you recall the preset.
TO STORE A PRESET Tune to the radio station you wish to enter into a Preset (refer to this chapters section 10). If the station is transmitting RDS information, the RDS indicator will light up and station initials or name will be shown in the Display Panel. If a non-RDS station is found, then just the frequency will be shown. Select Blend (No. 3) or FM Mute/Mode (No. 5) if desired. To store that station as a Preset, press Memory (No. 4). The Preset number and the red MEMORY indicator are flashing in the Display Panel. The lowest available empty preset number will be shown. If no other buttons are pressed within 12 seconds, the tuner will revert to its previous state. Press Memory again to store the preset. If you wish to assign a different preset number, press either the Preset/Tune or button to select the desired preset number. You can overwrite an existing preset. If the preset number already has been assigned, MEMORY will stop blinking, but the preset will continue to blink. When you have selected the desired preset number, press Memory again to store the station. NOTES: You can enter a new station into an unused Preset or over-write an existing programmed Memory Preset. By doing this you will replace all the data previously held on that Preset number. When Memory is pressed during normal operation, the Preset number and the red MEMORY indicator will flash in the Display Panel. If no other buttons are pressed within 12 seconds, the tuner will revert to its previous state. The Memory Presets have a memory back-up, so they will remain stored for several weeks even if the Tuner is switched off or unplugged from the mains supply. RECALLING A PRESET To select a Preset station, check if Preset mode is engaged (the display indicates PRESET). If not, press the Preset/Tune Mode button (No. 8); PRESET will now light up in the display. Press either the Tune/Preset or buttons (No. 10) until the right Preset is found and shown in the Display Panel. Any unused Presets will be skipped; this avoids having to scroll through empty presets. DELETING A STORED PRESET You can empty a Preset by deleting the stored information: Select the Preset to be emptied. Press and hold the Memory button (No. 4) and Display button (No.7) for two seconds. The preset number and the text DELETE will flash in the display. Press only the display button again (within default time of 5 seconds) to confirm you want to delete this preset. The text DELETED and as the Preset number appear in the display for a couple of seconds.

LABELLING A PRESET When a station is transmitting RDS information, your NAD C420 will automatically show the station initials when its Preset is used. Although the Tuner automatically shows the frequency of any other AM or non-RDS Preset station, it also allows you to type in the station name to make it easier to identify which station is stored in the Memory Preset. To enter a name: 1) Select the Preset you want to attach a name to. 2) Press and hold the Display button (No. 7) for two seconds. The first space in the Station Data area of the Display Panel will flash. 3) Press either the Tune/Preset or (No. 10) button to scroll and select the first character (see Character list below for reference). 4) Press Display to move one place to the right to enter the next desired character. 5) Use the Tune/Preset buttons again to select the next character in the name and press Memory to store it. 6) Repeat steps 3 to 5 until name is complete or all eight places have been filled (up to 8 characters). 7) Press Memory once to finish the labelling procedure. Press Memory again to store the completed name.
There are 37 characters available including a blank space.
NOTE: This function is only available for non-RDS stations. RDS stations will always display their transmitted name and cannot be over-written.
TROUBLESHOOTING Problem NO SOUND Cause Power AC lead unplugged or power not switched on Signal leads incorrectly connected Station not selected or weak signal with FM Mute on Internal fuse blown Signal leads to amplifier disconnected or damaged Weak signal Multi-path signals or interference from another station Interference from other electrical sources - computers, games consoles Interference from fluorescent lighting or electrical motors Station signal too weak Station not transmitting RDS data Check AC lead Check connections to amplifier Re-tune or switch off FM Mute Consult dealer Check leads and connections Check station tuning. Adjust or replace antenna. Check station tuning. Adjust or replace antenna Check station tuning. Switch off or move the source of the electrical noise Check station tuning. Adjust or replace AM antenna Check station tuning Adjust or replace antenna No remedy Solution
NO SOUND IN ONE CHANNEL NOISE, HISS DISTORTION WHISTLES OR BUZZES ON FM & AM WHISTLES OR BUZZES ON AM NO RDS INFORMATION
SETUP FOR CUSTOM AND MULTI-ZONE INSTALLATIONS REMOTE CONTROL CODES The NAD C420 has a remote control command receiver built in so it will respond to NAD remote control commands, such as from most NAD system remote controls (RC450, RC451, S70; not supplied with C420). This will allow access to basic functions such as preset up/down, On/Stand-by. Particularly with Custom Install in mind, the NAD C420 will respond to other commands not usually found on NAD remote control handsets. The table below indicates all commands the C420 recognises. The NAD C420 uses the NEC format for IR transmission; customer code is 877C, the corresponding hex codes are next to the IR command: Footnote Function Preset Preset Search Search Tune Tune Preset 1 Preset 2 Preset 3 Preset 4 Preset 5 Preset 6 Preset 7 Preset 8 Preset 9 Preset 0 Enter Power/standby toggle Power On Stand-by Hex Code D2 D86 D4 D3 8A 8E 8B 8F 98 C7 C25 C8