Messages that appear in the messages list with a clock icon are pending and should be resent automatically. To manually resend the message, in the open message, click the trackwheel. Click Resend. If your message cannot be sent after a period of time, you receive a message indicating that the message was not sent successfully.
Add multiple contacts to a message
To add multiple contacts to a message, in a blank To or CC field, type an email address, PIN number, or a contact name. To add a blind carbon copy (BCC) recipient, click the trackwheel. Click Add Bcc. To attach a contact to a message, click the trackwheel. Click Attach Address.

Manage messages

Open a message. Click the trackwheel. Click one of the following menu items: Save Reply Forward Forward As Reply To All Delete Notes: To remove the original message from a reply, click the trackwheel. Click Delete Original Text. If your BlackBerry device is integrated with more than one email account, you might be able to manage messages from the message list for a specific email account.

Set the importance level

1. When composing a message, click the trackwheel. 2. Click Options. 3. Set the Importance field to High or Low. 4. Click the trackwheel. 5. Click Save.

Resend sent messages

To change the text in a sent message and resend it, in the open message, click the trackwheel. Click Edit. Change the text. Send the message. To change the recipient of a sent message and resend it, in the open message, click the trackwheel. Click Edit. Click a contact. Click Change Address. Click a new contact. Send the message. To resend your message to the same contact, in the open message, click the trackwheel. Click Resend.

File messages

To file a message, click the message. Click File. Click a folder. Click File. Notes: To expand a folder, click a folder with a plus sign (+) beside it. Click Expand. To collapse a folder, click a folder with a minus sign (-) beside it. Click Collapse.

2: Email messages

Related topics Can I file messages? (See page 109.) View filed messages (See page 13.)
Save a copy of messages sent from the device
In the messages options, click Email Settings. Set the Save Copy In Sent Folder field to Yes. Click the trackwheel. Click Save. Note: Copies of sent messages are stored in the Sent Items folder in your desktop email program.

View filed messages

To display all filed messages in the messages list, in the messages options, click General Options. Set the Hide Filed Messages field to No. Click the trackwheel. Click Save. To view messages that are stored in a specific folder, in the messages list, click the trackwheel. Click View Folder. Click a folder. Click Select Folder.

About auto signatures

Your auto signature is added to your email messages after you send them. The auto signature does not appear on your BlackBerry device when you compose the message. To add an auto signature from your device, your device must be integrated with an account that uses BlackBerry Enterprise Server version 4.0 or later.

Find your MMS number

In the phone, the My Number field displays your phone number. If your BlackBerry device is enabled for MMS, this number is also your MMS number.

Open MMS messages

An unopened MMS message appears in the messages list with a closed italic envelope icon. After you open the message, the closed italic envelope changes to an open italic envelope. If MMS content does not appear when you open the message, click the trackwheel. Click Retrieve.

About MMS messages

With an MMS-compatible number, you can send and receive multimedia message service (MMS) messages. An MMS-compatible number is a phone number that your service provider enables for MMS. If your service provider supports MMS, you can send MMS messages that contain.jpg,.gif,.wbmp,.png,.smil,.midi,.vcf (vCard), or.vcs (vCalendar) content and receive MMS messages that contain.jpg,.gif,.wbmp,.png,.midi,.txt,.midi,.vcf,.vcs, or.smil content. You can add one or more images that are not copyright protected to an MMS message, but the message cannot exceed 300 KB.

Send MMS messages

1. In the messages list, click the trackwheel. 2. Click Compose MMS. 3. Click [Use Once]. 4. Click MMS. 5. Select a send method. 6. Type an MMS-compatible phone number or an email address. 7. Click the trackwheel. 8. Click Continue. 9. Type a message. 10. Click the trackwheel.
11. Click Attach Address, Attach Appointment, Attach Picture, or Attach Audio. 12. Click a contact, appointment, image, or audio file. 13. Click Continue. 14. Click the trackwheel. 15. Click Send. Notes: If you have added contacts to the address book, you can select a contact from the list after you click Compose MMS. To send an MMS message quickly from the phone, type an MMS-compatible phone number. Click the trackwheel. Click MMS<XXXXXXX>. If you attach image files, you can set the duration that each picture displays when the recipient opens the MMS message. In a Slide Duration field, press the Space key. Related topic Can I send and receive MMS messages? (See page 115.)
3. Set the Confirm Delivery and Confirm Read fields. 4. Click the trackwheel. 5. Click Save. Related topic Can I configure notification for all MMS messages? (See page 115.)

23: Profiles

Change Name Delete Name
Why isnt the ring tone being played the number of times that I have set?
For phone calls, the number of times that the BlackBerry device sounds or vibrates is not determined by the number of beeps that you set in your notification profile. The device sounds or vibrates until the caller or the network ends the connection.

Silence your device

To silence your BlackBerry device, in the profiles list, select the Quiet profile. To receive only vibrate notification, in the profiles list, select the Vibrate profile. To turn off all notification, including profile exceptions and LED notification, in the profiles list, select the Off profile. Related topic Silence the alarm (See page 67.)
Why am I not receiving notification for incoming calls or received messages?
In the profiles list, verify that the Off profile is not enabled. If this profile is enabled, all notification is turned off, including profile exceptions and LED notification. If you set the Custom Phone Tune field to MUTE, you do not receive notification for calls from the contacts that the exception applies to.
Profiles frequently asked questions
What is the escalating volume level? Why isnt the ring tone being played the number of times that I have set? Why am I not receiving notification for incoming calls or received messages? How do I set custom notification for messages from a specific contact? Why can I not edit all the fields for a Calls From profile exception? Can I set one phone tune for all my profiles?
How do I set custom notification for messages from a specific contact?
In the profiles list, create a new notification profile that sets the tune that you want to use for your messages. Create a profile exception for the contact and set the Use Profile field to the new notification profile.
Why can I not edit all the fields for a Calls From profile exception?
Calls From profile exceptions appear in the profiles list when you add a custom phone tune from the address book. Because these exceptions are for phone calls only, you can only edit the Custom Phone Tune field.
What is the escalating volume level?
If you use the escalating volume level, the notification volume level consistently increases until the BlackBerry device reaches the loudest volume level.
Can I set one phone tune for all my profiles?
Yes. In the profiles list, click the trackwheel. Click Show Tunes. Click a phone tune. Click Set As Phone Tune.

Screen display

Turn on and off backlighting Set how long backlighting remains on Set the display language Set a screen saver Set the Home screen background image Download background images Set the font
Set how long backlighting remains on
To set how long backlighting stays on if you do not use your BlackBerry device, in the device options, click Screen/Keyboard. Set the Backlight Timeout field. Click the trackwheel. Click Save. Related topics About backlighting (See page 79.) Turn on and off backlighting (See page 79.)

About backlighting

The screen and keyboard on your BlackBerry device are designed to be lit so that you can use your device in various lighting levels. If you do not use your device for a period of time, the backlighting should turn off automatically.

Set a screen saver

1. In the device options, click Screen/Keyboard. 2. Set the Standby Screen field to Enabled. 3. In the Standby Timeout field, set the amount of time that should pass before the screen saver appears. 4. Click the trackwheel. 5. Click Save. Note: You can set an image that you saved in the pictures list as your screen saver. In the pictures list, click an image. Click Set As Standby Screen. Save your changes. Related topic Save images (See page 49.)
Turn on and off backlighting
To turn on backlighting, press the Power button once. To increase the brightness of the backlighting, press the Power button again. To turn off backlighting manually, press the Power button. Related topic About backlighting (See page 79.)
Set the Home screen background image
In the pictures list, click an image. Click Set As Home Screen Image. To clear the Home screen background, in the pictures list, click the trackwheel. Click Reset Home Screen Image. Related topic Save images (See page 49.)
Download background images
Your service provider might have supplied a link to a preferred vendor of background images. In the pictures list, click the trackwheel. Click More Images. Related topic Save images (See page 49.)

Set the font

In the device options, click Screen/Keyboard. Set the font information. Click the trackwheel. Click Save. Note: For large fonts, set the Antialias mode field.

Why is the menu item for sending a message not available?
If you do not have an email address or PIN saved for your contact, the option to send a message to that contact does not appear. In the address book, add an email address or a PIN number for your contact.
35: Email and PIN messages frequently asked questions
How do I create and use links in messages?
Links appear in your messages as underlined text. Messages can contain links to various items such as phone numbers, web sites, and email addresses. When you receive a message that contains a link, click the link. In the menu, click the menu items that apply to the type of link selected. The BlackBerry device should automatically recognize most linkable items as links. To create a link for a PIN, type pin: before typing the PIN number.
If your device is not enabled for wireless email reconciliation, your device must be integrated with an account that uses the BlackBerry Desktop Redirector or the BlackBerry Enterprise Server to file messages. You must perform an initial email reconciliation with the BlackBerry Desktop Software so that the folders in your desktop email program appear on your device. See the BlackBerry Desktop Software Online Help for more information about configuring email reconciliation manually.
Can I hide sent messages?
Yes. In the messages options, click General Options. Set the Hide Sent Messages field to Yes. Note: To view sent messages, in the messages list, click the trackwheel. Click View Folder. Click Sent Items. Click Select Folder.
Why is More available appearing at the end of my message?
Long messages are sent to your BlackBerry device in sections. As you read the first section, the next section should be sent to your device automatically, if you are in a wireless coverage area. However, it might take several seconds before your device receives the next section. To send only the first section of long messages to your device, in the messages options, click General Options. Set the Auto More field to No. The next time that you receive a long message, More available appears at the bottom. To request more of the message, click the trackwheel. Click More. To view the rest of the message, click More All.
Why cant I see a new message in the messages list even though I received notification?
If email messages are sent to your BlackBerry device from specific desktop email program folders and, in the general messages options, you set the Hide Filed Messages option to Yes, new messages that are sent to your device should be filed automatically, and might not appear in the messages list. To view all your messages, set the Hide Filed Messages field to No.

How do I view cell contents in spreadsheet attachments?
When you select a cell, the contents appear at the top of the screen. If the contents are too long to see, click the cell. Click View Cell. To view the contents of all the cells in a column, click the column label at the top of the screen. Click Fit. To change the column size for all the columns in a spreadsheet, click the unmarked column label in the top left corner of the screen. Click a preferred size. To change the default column size for all spreadsheet attachments, in the attachment options, set the Column Width field to Large.
How do I search for text in a file attachment?
In the attachment, click the trackwheel. Click Find. Type the text. Click the trackwheel. To make the Find feature case sensitive when searching, select the Case Sensitive Search check box. If you have not retrieved all the text for a file attachment, a dialog box appears. To search the remaining text in the attachment, click Yes. If the search term is found, the content should be retrieved automatically. To view the text on your BlackBerry device, verify that you are in a wireless coverage area and that your device is connected to the wireless network. See the printed documentation that accompanied your device for more information about wireless coverage levels.
38: Attachments frequently asked questions
What does skipped content mean?
The skipped content bar appears in a document attachment when more content is available, but it has not been retrieved. To retrieve skipped content, click the skipped content bar. Click More.
Can I view tracked changes in document attachments?
Depending on the document type, you might be able to view tracked changes. In a document attachment, click the trackwheel. Click Show Changes. To hide tracked changes, click the trackwheel. Click Hide Changes.
Synchronization frequently asked questions
Can I reconcile email messages over the wireless network? Can I synchronize PIM items over the wireless network? How do I handle conflicts between my device and my desktop email program? Why do some characters in my desktop calendar not appear correctly after synchronization? Why are some of my email messages not reconciling over the wireless network? Can I reconcile my personal folders? Can I empty the deleted messages folder on my computer remotely? Can I determine how much memory each database on my device is using? If your device is integrated with an account that uses the BlackBerry Internet Service, and your service provider supports wireless email reconciliation, verify that you have turned on wireless email reconciliation in the messages options.
Can I synchronize PIM items over the wireless network?
Yes. If your BlackBerry device is integrated with an account that uses BlackBerry Enterprise Server version 4.0 or later, verify that wireless synchronization is turned on in the tasks, memo, address book, and calendar options. If your device is integrated with an account that uses BlackBerry Enterprise Server version 2.1 or later, calendar appointments and meetings might be the only PIM items that can be synchronized over the wireless network. See the BlackBerry Desktop Software Online Help for more information about setting wireless calendar synchronization. You must be in a wireless coverage area and your BlackBerry device must be connected to the wireless network for PIM items to synchronize over the wireless network. See the printed documentation that accompanied your device for more information about wireless coverage levels.

Why do additional security features appear in the device options?
Additional security options such as Certificate Servers, Certificates, Key Stores, S/MIME, and Memory Cleaning might be available. You can use these options with the Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Support Package. See the S/MIME Support Package User Guide Supplement for more information.
How do I specify the criteria for random passwords that are generated in the password keeper?
In the password keeper options, set the password length and specify whether randomly generated passwords must contain letters, numbers, or symbols.
How do I prevent passwords from appearing on the screen in the password keeper?
In the password keeper options, set the Show Password field to False.

Shortcuts

Home screen shortcuts Options and fields shortcuts Navigating screens shortcuts Typing shortcuts Editing text shortcuts Messages shortcuts Search shortcuts Attachments shortcuts Phone shortcuts Walkie-Talkie shortcuts Browser shortcuts Calendar shortcuts Calculator shortcuts To show a hidden icon on the Home screen, hold the Alt key and click the trackwheel. Click Show All. Hold the Alt key and click a crossed-out icon. Click Hide Application. To switch to another program, hold the Alt key and press the Escape button. Continue to hold the Alt key and select a program. Release the Alt key to switch to that program. To use shortcut keys to open a program from the Home screen, open the phone options. Click General Options. Change the Dial From Home Screen field to No. The shortcut keys are underlined on the Home screen. You can use these keys, but you cannot make calls from this screen.
Options and fields shortcuts
To select a check box, press the Space key. To clear a check box, press the Space key again. To change an option field, hold the Alt key. Click a value. To move to an item in a list or menu, type the first letter of the item. To clear a field, click the trackwheel. Click Clear Field.

Home screen shortcuts

To use the device in the dark, press the Power button. To lock the device, set a password. Click Lock. To lock the keyboard, on the Home screen, click Keyboard Lock. To unlock the keyboard, double-click the trackwheel. To move an icon on the Home screen, select the icon. Hold the Alt key and click the trackwheel. Click Move Application. Roll the trackwheel to move the icon. Click the trackwheel. To hide an icon on the Home screen, select the icon. Hold the Alt key and click the trackwheel. Click Hide Application.
Navigating screens shortcuts
To move the cursor, roll the trackwheel. To move the cursor in a different direction, hold the Alt key and roll the trackwheel. To exit a screen or dialog box, press the Escape button. To click an icon or menu item, roll the trackwheel to select the item. Click the trackwheel.

INDIRECT DAMAGES, EVEN IF RIM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF BUSINESS REVENUE OR EARNINGS, LOST DATA, DAMAGES CAUSED BY DELAYS, LOST PROFITS, OR A FAILURE TO REALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS. This document might contain references to third-party sources of information and/or third-party web sites (Third-Party Information). RIM does not control, and is not responsible for, any Third-Party Information, including, without limitation, the content, accuracy, copyright compliance, legality, decency, links, or any other aspect of Third-Party Information. The inclusion of Third-Party Information in this document does not imply endorsement by RIM of the third party in any way. Any dealings with third parties, including, without limitation, compliance with applicable licenses, and terms and conditions are solely between you and the third party. RIM shall not be responsible or liable for any part of such dealings. You are solely responsible for the selection, implementation, and performance of any third-party applications that you use with the handheld or desktop software. Research In Motion does not in any way endorse or guarantee the security, compatibility, performance, or trustworthiness of any third-party application and shall have no liability to you or any third-party for issues arising from such third-party applications.
A accepting meeting invitations, 61 service books, 101 accessibility, default volume, 43 activation, enterprise, 9 adding auto signature, 13 call forwarding number, 41 call notes, 41 contacts, 55 contacts from attachments, 29 contacts from remote address book search results, 57 contacts to email messages, 12 contacts to PIN messages, 12 contacts to profile exceptions, 76 contacts to SIM card phone book, 87 custom phone tunes, 56 display language, 81 meeting invitees, 61 members to mailing lists, 56 multiple contacts to filters, 14 paired Bluetooth-enabled devices, 71 pauses and waits, 57 programs, 53 ring tones, 53 SIM card contacts to address book, 87 See also creating address book adding contacts to SIM card phone book, 87 adding SIM card contacts to, 87 custom fields, 133 managing remote search results, 57 searching remote, 57 sharing with Bluetooth-enabled device, 72 updating contacts from attachments, 29 See also contacts address book attachments about, 27, 29 adding, 12 opening, 29 addresses image, 48 link, 48 web page, 48 alarm frequently asked questions, 67 notification, 67 reminders and power off, 83 setting, 67 silencing, 67 snooze, 67 turning off, 67 volume, 67 weekend notification, 67 alpha-dialing, 40 animated graphics, viewing, 130 answering call alerts, 46 phone calls, 39 Walkie-Talkie calls, 46 appointments changing, 60 deleting, 61 number of, 134 opening, 60 recurring, 59 scheduling, 59 scheduling quickly, 60 area codes, setting default, 42 assisted global positioning system about, 38

viewing agenda, 59 viewing day, 59 viewing month, 59 viewing next or previous, 59 viewing specific date, 59 viewing week, 59 call alerts about, 45 answering, 46 queuing, 46 sending, 45 call forwarding adding forward number, 41 changing forward number, 126 deleting forward number, 41 requirements for using, 126 setting, 41 call logs about, 40 adding notes, 41 deleting notes, 41 editing notes, 41 forwarding notes, 41 setting, 40 using, 40 call waiting requirements for using, 126 setting, 42 calls alternating between, 39 answering, 39 answering call alerts, 46 answering group calls, 46 answering Walkie-Talkie, 46 default volume, 43 dialing using letters, 40 emergency, 37 ending, 37, 39 holding, 39 ignoring, 39 logging, 40 making, 37 making from Home screen, 125 making three-way, 40
making to Talkgroup, 46 making using speed dial, 39 muting, 39 resetting timers, 43 setting notification for, 75 smart dialing, 42 TTY, 42 using Bluetooth during, 72 using speakerphone, 39 Walkie-Talkie, 45 See also phone categories about, 56 applying, 57 clearing all, 134 creating, 56 deleting, 57 sorting contacts by, 57 sorting memos by, 57 sorting tasks by, 57 changing appointments, 60 bookmarks, 49 browser content type, 130 browser home page, 130 calendar views, 59 contacts in profile exceptions, 76 custom fields, 133 default calendar reminders, 60 device password, 89 email message recipients, 12 email messages, 12 first day of week in calendar, 135 mailing list members, 56 meeting invitees, 61 meetings, 60 message status, 13 password keeper password, 92 PIN messages, 12 sent messages, 12 SIM card security PIN code, 88 task status, 63 volume for custom phone tunes, 134
See also editing; setting checking voice mail, 39 clearing all categories, 134 browser cache, 50 device data, 92 fields, 141 compressing data size, 91 conflicts, with desktop email program data, 122 connecting, to wireless network, 85 contacts adding, 55 adding custom phone tunes, 56 adding to email messages, 12 adding to PIN messages, 12 alerting, 45 allowing duplicate, 133 applying categories, 57 assigning speed dial, 40 calling, 37 changing in profile exceptions, 76 clearing all categories, 134 creating categories, 56 deleting, 55 deleting categories, 57 editing, 55 frequently asked questions, 133 managing remote search results, 57 number of, 134 searching in remote address book, 57 SIM card, 87 sorting, 133 sorting by category, 57 synchronizing, 31 vCard attachments, 22 viewing, 55 See also address book content compression about, 90 turning on, 91 content protection about, 90 turning on, 90 converting measurements, 69
copying calculation, 69 password keeper passwords, 92 text, 36 corporate extension dialing, setting, 42 country codes, setting default, 42 creating AutoText entries, 35 bookmarks, 49 categories, 56 email messages, 11 filters, 14 filters quickly, 15 generic filters, 111 links, 109 mailing lists, 55 MMS messages, 21 PIN messages, 17 profile exceptions, 76 profiles, 75 random passwords, 91 tasks, 63 See also adding cursor speed, setting, 36 custom fields, 133 custom notification, See profile exceptions; custom phone tunes custom phone tunes about, 56 adding, 56 mute, 77 volume, 134 See also profile exceptions; custom notification customizing, See setting cutting text, 36 D declining meeting invitations, 61 default length of calendar reminder, 60 profiles, 75 deleted items, emptying folder, 123 deleting appointments, 61

saving, 49 selecting, 47, 130 sending from browser, 48 showing placeholders on web pages, 48 viewing in browser, 48 zooming, 28, 48 See also file attachments; address book attachments; attachments importance, setting, 12 increasing detail in images, 28 inserting macros in AutoText entries, 36 invitation, responding to, 61 J JavaScript support, 130 joining, Talkgroup, 46 K key rate, setting, 36 key tones, turning on, 36 keyboard lock, 90 keys, encryption, 91 L language adding, 81 removing, 81 setting, 81 light flashing, 105 turning on, 79 links address, 48 copying addresses, 48 creating, 109 creating for PIN, 109 selecting, 47, 130 sending from browser, 48 using, 109 loading programs, 54 location-based services about, 38 acquire your BlackBerry satellite position, 38 privacy, 38
locking device, 90 keyboard, 90 logging calls, 40 M mailing lists adding members, 56 changing members, 56 creating, 55 deleting, 55 deleting members, 56 editing, 55 viewing, 55 viewing members, 56 making calls, 37 emergency calls, 37 three-way calls, 40 marking messages opened and unopened, 13 measurements, converting, 69 meetings changing, 60 changing attendees, 61 deleting, 61 inviting attendees, 61 number of, 134 opening, 60 recurring, 60 removing attendees, 61 requirements for creating, 121 responding to invitations, 61 scheduling, 60 memory changing cache size, 118 database sizes, 105 memos applying categories, 57 clearing all categories, 134 creating categories, 56 deleting, 65 deleting categories, 57 editing, 65 number of, 134
sorting by category, 57 synchronizing, 31 viewing, 65 writing, 65 messages changing, 12 deleting, 110, 113 deleting multiple, 13 different icons, 109 filing, 109 hiding sent, 109 marking opened, 13 marking unopened, 13 opening from different accounts, 11 preloaded on device, 108 receiving more of long messages, 109 resending, 12 searching, 25 searching by recipient, 26 searching by sender, 26 searching by service, 25 searching by subject, 26 sending from different accounts, 11 sending images in, 48 sending links in, 48 sending web page addresses in, 49 setting notification for, 75 setting search criteria, 25 shortcuts, 15 stop forwarding, 111 MMS messages about, 21 attachments, 21 deleting, 22 filtering, 115 finding number, 21 forwarding, 22 frequently asked questions, 115 image attachments, 22 notification, 22, 115 opening, 21 options, 115 presentations, 115

switching between, 141 third-party and data transmissions, 95 viewing details, 53 viewing list, 53 See also third-party programs protecting, device content, 90 R recalling saved searches, 25 recipient, searching by, 26 recurring appointments, See appointments recurring meetings, See meetings redirecting email messages, 15, 111 reducing data size, 91 refreshing web pages, 48 registering with the wireless network, 105 reminders calendar, 60, 136 dismissing all, 136 power off, 83 tasks, 63, 136 remote address book search, 57 removing display language, 81 meeting invitees, 61 paired Bluetooth-enabled devices, 72 See also deleting replying deleting original text, 12 email messages, 12 MMS messages, 22 PIN messages, 17 requirements browser, 129 call forwarding, 126 call waiting, 126 email reconciliation, 121 filing messages, 109 regenerating encryption keys from device, 139 three-way calls, 40 TTY, 126 viewing file attachments, 117 wireless PIM synchronization, 121 resending
email messages, 12 pending email messages, 12 pending PIN messages, 12 PIN messages, 12 resetting call timers, 43 device, 84 Walkie-Talkie call timers, 46 restoring about, 33 deleted service books, 101 device, 139 device data, 33 ring tones adding, 53 deleting, 75 downloading, 53 listening, 75 previewing, 54 showing, 75 testing, 75 See also profiles rotating images, 48 S saving draft email messages, 12 email messages, 12 images, 49 MMS messages, 22 PIN messages, 17 searches, 25 sent email messages, 13 SMS messages, 19 web page requests, 49 web pages, 49 scheduling appointments, 59 appointments quickly, 60 meetings, 60 screen home screen background, 80 lighting, 79 options, 79
saver, 79 scrolling horizontally in attachments, 29 in opposite direction, 141 through calendar views, 135 search criteria, setting, 25 searches deleting saved, 25 editing saved, 25 recalling saved, 25 saving, 25 viewing last, 26 viewing saved, 25 searching about, 25 by recipient, 26 by sender, 26 by service, 25 by subject, 26 remote address book, 57 setting search criteria, 25 shortcuts, 26 within attachments, 118 security additional features, 139 certificate servers, 139 certificates, 139 changing device password, 89 changing SIM card PIN code, 88 content compression, 90 content protection, 90 encryption keys, 91 firewall settings, 95 frequently asked questions, 139 key stores, 139 locking device, 90 memory cleaning, 139 password keeper, 91 permissions for third-party programs, 96 regenerating encryption keys, 91 S/MIME, 139 self tests, 92, 139 setting third-party program permissions, 95 storing passwords, 91

saving, 49 saving requests, 49 select mode, 47, 130 sending addresses, 49 setting notification for, 75 showing placeholders, 48 submitting forms, 131 view mode, 47, 130 viewing files from, 49 viewing home page, 48 viewing images, 48 viewing next and previous, 48 See also browser wireless backup, 33 email reconciliation, 31 PIM synchronization, 32
restore, 33 wireless email reconciliation, turning on, 31 wireless network connecting to, 85 disconnecting from, 85 wireless network, registering with, 105 wireless PIM synchronization about, 32 requirements, 121 turning on, 32 wireless transport layer security, See WTLS worksheet, selecting in attachments, 28 WTLS about, 50 setting, 131 Z zooming images, 48

BlackBerry Wireless Handheld User Interface Style Guide

Version 1.0

BlackBerry Java Development Environment Version 1.0 BlackBerry Wireless Handheld User Interface Style Guide Last modified: 20 November 2003 Part number: PDF-06946-001
2003 Research In Motion Limited. All Rights Reserved. The BlackBerry and RIM families of related marks, images and symbols are the exclusive properties of Research In Motion Limited. RIM, Research In Motion, Always On, Always Connected, the envelope in motion symbol and the BlackBerry logo are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and may be pending or registered in other countries. All other brands, product names, company names, trademarks and service marks are the properties of their respective owners. The handheld and/or associated software are protected by copyright, international treaties and various patents, including one or more of the following U.S. patents: 6,278,442; 6,271,605; 6,219,694; 6,075,470; 6,073,318; D445,428; D433,460; D416,256. Other patents are registered or pending in various countries around the world. Visit www.rim.com/patents.shtml for a current listing of applicable patents. While every effort has been made to achieve technical accuracy, information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Research In Motion Limited, or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, agents, licensors, or resellers. There are no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the content of this document. Research In Motion Limited 295 Phillip Street Waterloo, ON N2L 3W8 Canada Research In Motion UK Limited Centrum House, 36 Station Road Egham, Surrey TW20 9LF United Kingdom Published in Canada

Contents

1 User interface design principles..... 5
Overview.....7 User interface design principles...8
2 BlackBerry interaction model.....13
BlackBerry handheld interaction mechanisms....15 Navigating in a BlackBerry application...16
3 Designing the interface.....19
BlackBerry views....21 User interface elements....25 Creating an effective main screen...32 Browser design principles....34 Handheld error prevention and recovery...36
User interface design principles
This section provides information on the following topics:
Overview User interface design principles
1: User interface design principles
BlackBerry Java Development Environment

Overview

This document provides guidelines for designing a user interface for your BlackBerry handheld application. It contains descriptions of BlackBerry controls, as well as guidelines and suggestions for their usage.

Related resources

Refer to the following resources for additional information:
Resource Description The BlackBerry Java Developer Guide provides an introduction to developing applications for the BlackBerry Wireless Handheld. It contains sample applications as well as conceptual material about the BlackBerry Java APIs.
BlackBerry Java Developer Guide
An effective user interface is extremely important to an end-user application. Designing an application according to specific design principles can simplify a complex application. A simple, effectively designed user interface creates a good user experience and dramatically increases user productivity. Consider the following principles when designing an application user interface.

User control

The user should always be in control of the application; to achieve user control, keep in mind the following principles:

Responsiveness

The user must be able to navigate and perform actions quickly without having to wait for the application. If there are long delays between the time the user performs an action and the processing of the action, the user will not feel in control. Responsiveness can be improved by writing efficient source code where possible, or by prompting the user with an hourglass icon, informing the user that the application is processing. User interface response time should be, at worst, 200 ms (1/5 of a second) or better. If an operation is expected to take a long time (for example, a text search or a database query), then it should be executed in the background. If this is not possible, a splash screen or wait icon should be used to reassure the user that an error has not occurred.

Customization

Because user preferences differ, users should have the ability to customize the interface of the application. This includes deciding what information to display in the message list and the order in which to display information. By customizing the interface, the user can create an application that best suits their typical, day to day usage pattern. However, the application should provide defaults that are helpful for the majority of users.

Perform tasks at hand

The best interfaces are the ones that make tasks easier for users, without drawing attention to the interface. The user interface should be designed to allow the user to simply and intuitively perform a task. The best interfaces are the ones that are hardly noticed.

Intuitiveness

An interface should be as intuitive and straightforward as possible. One of the best ways to achieve this is by using the object-action paradigm. The object-action paradigm refers to a design principle that associates specific objects in the application with the actions that are performed on them. For instance, on the BlackBerry handheld, a user can select a message from the message list and then perform an action on it (such as view, reply, forward, or delete).

Context

Along with its intuitive design the BlackBerry handheld excels in its ability to provide a sense of context to user interface design. With respect to a BlackBerry handheld application, context describes the circumstances under which an action, or a particular situation, occurs. Context infers that the user interface is adaptable and flexible, and changes to best meet the needs of the users depending on the way in which the interface is used. In BlackBerry handheld applications, menus, menu options, and menu defaults change depending on the context in which the application is used. For example, when a user composes a message, the menu options change to provide different functionality depending on the position of the cursor. When the cursor is positioned in the To field, the menu options change to display only those options relating to this action. Providing effective context can prove very difficult since it requires a great deal of planning and usability testing. It is, however, extremely important to the success of your application since a good sense of context can create an extremely intuitive and easy to use application.

Consistency

Consistency should exist throughout each task and between applications. Consistency improves the user experience by providing a familiar set of actions or tasks across all applications on the handheld. By creating this familiarity, the chances that the user will become confused or lost are greatly decreased. The onus is on you, as a developer, to be aware of other applications being written for the handheld so that your application interface is a consistent part of the whole BlackBerry handheld solution. Consistency enables common interface elements to be reused. In addition to providing consistent individual operations, block operations should be performed as though they were individual operations. This is especially important if an operation fails in the middle (for example, pasting data into a nearly full buffer or deleting files from a folder).

Clarity

The interface should be clear, not only from a visual point of view, but also from a conceptual point of view. Clarity is an especially important design aspect because the BlackBerry handheld has a small viewing screen. If the interface causes distractions by breaking visual flow, users might have trouble maintaining control. If you are using icons, keep in mind that they will be small and if they are cluttered, it will not be clear to the user how the icon is related to the interface that contains it.
BlackBerry handheld applications should not be considered Windows applications. Using too many controls will only emphasize the small size of the display. Dialog and status boxes should contain brief and concise text. This text should not merely indicate to users what they have done incorrectly; they should also indicate what action is necessary to correct the problem.

Aesthetics

The BlackBerry handheld is a two-way wireless handheld it is not a desktop solution. As such, BlackBerry handheld applications should not be compared with Microsoft Windows applications. Three-dimensional graphics, sounds, and flashing cursors on the handheld display are inefficient and distracting. A simple design is generally the way to make handheld applications aesthetically pleasing. When the information on the screen changes, limit the changing data to one item at a time, by keeping the user focused on one place at a time. When presenting a lot of information to users, display the most important information first. For example, when presenting each address book entry, display the name fields first, followed by the email address, phone, fax, and pager numbers fields, and leave the Notes field to the end. In addition, the application should not cause any unnecessary screen repaints, nor should it take focus from other applications without permission. The BlackBerry user interface engine maintains an aesthetically pleasing appearance by taking advantage of the vertical nature of the trackwheel. Menu items and lists are presented in a vertical fashion. Double-clicking (as opposed to two quick single clicks) is not desirable based on the size of the handheld and the size of the trackwheel itself.

Feedback

Feedback describes the application's response to user input (for example, the appearance of a menu when a user clicks the trackwheel). Feedback is crucial to the success of an application since it defines and shapes the very way in which a user interacts with the BlackBerry handheld. Prompt feedback is essential and the application should respond quickly to the commands of users. For instance, one of the learning curves for new users of the BlackBerry is typing on the keyboard. Since keyboard typing may take a while to get used to, new users will become frustrated quickly if feedback from typing or invoking screens or menus is slow.

Forgiveness

The interface must allow users to change their mind and undo commands; essentially, it must be forgiving. The following principles describe user interface forgiveness as it relates to the BlackBerry handheld.
First, users should not be enabled to perform any destructive tasks without being warned (for example, an action such as deleting a message must be confirmed before the action can occur). When a destructive action occurs (or is about to occur) the user is always prompted by a warning dialog box. This warning enables the user to undo or reverse an action before it is too late. However, be careful with over prompting; it can cause a user to routinely ignore all prompts and therefore cause unwanted, irreversible actions. Second, avoid placing common menu items close to others that undo the task at hand (for example, the Cancel menu item is not close to the Hide menu item).

Screen title

Every screen will have a title on the first line of the display. The title provides cohesion between screens in the application. The title line should be used not only to inform users where they are, but also to display brief information to help the users with the particular task at hand. For example, when users perform a search in the address book application, the first line of the screen will display the screen title plus the text typed to invoke the search.

Controls

Controls are tools such as icons and buttons that the user selects to issue commands. Keep the number of controls on the screen display at any one time as small as possible. Too many controls on the screen display will only emphasize the small size of the screen.

Errors

When encountering error conditions, the user should be informed of the error without being inconvenienced. Attempts should be made to make the failure graceful such that no information is lost. For example, if inserting a character in the middle of a full field, prevent further input (and display a brief error message) rather then throwing out characters at the end of the buffer without warning.

BlackBerry interaction model
This section provides information on the following topic:
BlackBerry handheld interaction mechanisms Navigating in a BlackBerry application
2: BlackBerry interaction model
BlackBerry handheld interaction mechanisms
When designing a user interface for your BlackBerry application, consider the BlackBerry input and output mechanisms. The following diagram describes the input mechanisms for the BlackBerry Wireless Handheld.
BlackBerry input mechanisms
While the BlackBerry keyboard and trackwheel are easy to use, they differ greatly from common input devices such as the standard desktop keyboard and mouse. You should take into account the following considerations when designing your user interface.
Keyboard and trackwheel interaction
The user should not have to alternate between using the keyboard and using the trackwheel to navigate. For example, if users are entering data using the keyboard, they should not have to use the trackwheel for some form of input and then go back to using the keyboard. Most actions should be performed using either the keyboard and the trackwheel.

Trackwheel

The trackwheel is unique in that it has dual input capabilities since it can be clicked and rolled by the user. While simple to operate, the wheel also has drawbacks. Quite often, users will overshoot with the trackwheel or accidentally click it while rolling. To counter this, the following should be considered:
forgiveness principles should take this into account menu items and dialogs should not be grouped in such a way to cause the user to accidentally do something destructive.

Escape button

The Escape button is used to cancel operations such as selecting text or sending a message. The Escape button should always return the user to the previous home screen.
Feedback is accomplished on the BlackBerry handheld by both visible and audible means. The BlackBerry is able to use an assortment of audible tones to signal alarms, appointments, or incoming calls. It also displays dialogs or text messages to display information to the user.
Navigating in a BlackBerry application
The main method of navigation in a BlackBerry application is through the use of the drop-down menu. The menu provides the user with a list of actions that can be performed on a given item. A user clicks the trackwheel to access the menu. The menu appears in the top right corner of the screen. You should avoid using buttons or cluttering the screen with custom controls. The menu provides the means to display actions and tasks while using up little screen space. Use default navigation whenever possible. When the user clicks the Close menu item or presses the Escape button, the application should return to the previous screen or, if there is no previous screen, the application should close. If the user has entered data or modified options on the screen, a confirmation prompt should appear to enable users to save or discard changes. Clicking the trackwheel should always lead to the next natural action, which is typically a return to the previous screen or close the application. When a user exits an application, the handheld Home screen should appear. The following lists additional guidelines for trackwheel and keyboard interaction:

Remapped keys must always be returned to their original state upon exiting the application.
In multi-line text entry mode, the Enter key enables the user to input a new line. The application must support text and numerical characters for data input based on the QWERTY keyboard, including text modifier keys when appropriate. In text entry mode, the trackwheel will move the cursor appropriately: moving the trackwheel up or down moves the cursor up or down, pressing the ALT key and moving the trackwheel up or down moves the cursor left or right. In numeric entry fields, verify that the keyboard automatically defaults to numeric entry instead of text. The user should be able to input numbers in a numeric entry field without having to press the Alt key to enter numbers instead of text. In an application, pressing the Escape button enables the user to return to the Home screen. Pressing the Escape button repeatedly should always return the user to the Home Screen except from within a text entry field. From within the application, the Cancel or Close option should always "cancel" the operation. The application should move one screen back toward exiting the application and returning to the Home Screen. All icons that require a hot key (such as an icon on the Home Screen) will have a unique hot key. Each hot key that is used for any icon shortcut is unique to that icon.
BlackBerry user interface checklist:
Pressing the trackwheel Always invokes a menu Pressing the Escape button Always returns to a prior screen or exits the application The main application screen Always includes an Exit action as the last menu item (for example, Close or Exit) The user must be prompted to save when leaving a screen in which the data has been modified Always prompt a user with a warning dialog before data is destroyed All icons on the home screen must be enabled with a unique hot key Verify that the application obtains and loses focus appropriately. The application should not execute while it does not have the focus. Verify that the keyboard is mapped correctly when inputting text into a field and remapped correctly when the application exits The user should always return to the Home screen when an application exits BlackBerry applications should always be written to support localization. Text strings should be retrieved from a separate resource bundle. Numbers, dates and time formats should reflect the locale of the user.

Designing the interface

BlackBerry views User interface elements Creating an effective main screen Browser design principles Handheld error prevention and recovery
3: Designing the interface

BlackBerry views

BlackBerry message

The details view type displays information in greater detail, and in some cases, allows you to modify the data. The address book and task applications provide other examples of details view types.

Composed view

The composed view is typically accessed by clicking an icon from the home screen. The composed view differs from the details view in that it represents a view of an object in which relationships of the parts contribute to the overall meaning of the application. In other words, the composed view contains fields that allow you to interact directly with the application. For example, when the user clicks on the calendar application in the home screen, the current week, month or day is displayed in a composed view type.
BlackBerry calendar entry
You can view or edit each field in the week view calendar format. Editing data at the field level in this view is reflected in the overall calendar application.

Options view

The options view displays information about the characteristics, attributes, or properties of an object. It enables the user to view and modify the options or settings of a particular application. Not all options can be modified.

Date/Time screen

The Date/Time screen enables users to change the way in which the date and time information display on the handheld. An options view type is typically provided for each type of object.

Help view

The help view is not yet implemented.

User interface elements

User interface (UI) elements, such as choice fields and dialog boxes, make up the core of a BlackBerry application. They represent the lowest level at which style can be applied to an application. Their adherence to a proper style is critical since they represent the exact point at which a user interacts with the application.

Choice fields

Choice fields provide users with a horizontal list of options from which they can scroll up or down to choose a value. A value is selected by rolling the trackwheel and clicking the selected value.

Note: Be careful not to include too many items in a single menu. If your menu becomes too large, break the menu down into two or more categories and create a new menu.
The following sections describe the recommended method for determining the order and layout of menu items within a menu.

Category ordering

A menu can be broken down into a series of functional categories. Each category contains a group of one or more related items that represent the actions to be performed. Categories are distinguished from each other by menu separators.
Description of categories
Continuation actions In some cases, an action will take several steps to complete. For example, to select an address when composing an email, a user needs to first select the address, then select the addressing method. The actions that complete the second step are called Continuation Actions. Use Email, Use PIN, and Continue when composing a message are examples of this type of action.
View changing actions These actions change how the current screen appears. The only example in the current code is the View All menu item which will restore a filtered list to the full list. Item actions In a list screen, item actions relate to the selected item in the list. For example, in the address book, any actions related to contacts are in this category (for example, New Address, Edit Address, or Delete Address). In a record screen, the item in question is the open record. In this context, examples of item actions are Save Item or Delete Item. Content actions In a record screen, the lines represent content within the item that is opened. Content actions are actions related to the content within the item. For example, Select Name to select a name to put in a Name field in a search, Clear Field, or Show Qualified Address are examples of actions on the content of an item. Related function actions These actions launch some other related function, for example, Compose Message, Search Message, and Options. Exit actions Exit actions are those that will exit the current screen. These actions could be as straightforward as Cancel and Close or more subtle like Previous Message and Next Message.

Proper BlackBerry menu

Item ordering
Within each category, actions are ordered from least to most destructive new (creates), save (preserves), and delete (destroys). A menu separator should be used only to separate actions in different categories.
It is important when designing the layout of your menus to consider context. Think about the cursor position and the operations that might be executed when the user clicks the trackwheel. Limiting the available menu options and displaying only those menu options which are relevant to the current context can save the user a great deal of time and lessen frustration.

Fields

Fields enable users to enter formatted strings of text into an application. Consider the following principles when designing a form. Use a text filter on a field to permit only valid characters (for example, for an email address or phone number field), and set an appropriate maximum number of characters. When creating a password field, be sure to echo the text to the screen as an asterisk. This helps to shield the password from third-party eavesdroppers. Non-editable fields should be distinguishable from editable fields. It should be obvious to users when they cannot edit a field. The BlackBerry Wireless Handheld supports the following field types:
Field type BasicEditField AutoTextEditField BitmapField ButtonField CheckBoxField Description an editable simple text field with no formatting; this is the most common field type and should be used to display simple text an editable text field designed to provide autotext support; when a word is entered that is in the autotext database for the current locale, this field replaces it displays a bitmap displays a button control displays a checkbox control; the checkbox field toggles a value pressing the space key, or clicking the trackwheel (when a checkbox field has the focus) toggles its state ChoiceField DateField EditField GaugeField LabelField ListField NullField NumericChoiceField ObjectChoiceField displays a list of scrolling choices displays a date; the date can be displayed in a number of different formats displays a simple text field that can be edited by the user displays a horizontal bar that you can use for numeric selection or as a progress indicator; the GaugeField provides a level of responsiveness to the application displays a simple label contains rows of selectable list items represents a field of 0 size displays a field that supports choosing from a range of numeric values displays a choice field that supports a list of object choices
Field type ObjectListField PasswordEditField displays a list of objects
Description displays an editable text field designed specifically to handle password input. When the user enters text into a PasswordEditField, the text is stored in a private buffer and appears to the user as a string of asterisks. This field does not have any automatic input replacement nor does it support cut and paste operations, so the typed text is exactly what is typed. displays a radio button control displays a set of related radio button fields displays a read-only field that supports richly formatted text; this field does not permit the user to enter or edit its text displays a field which draws a horizontal line across it's width. The SeparatorField is used to separate groups of choices within menus displays a simple field to show a tree structure to show a relationship between items (such as folders and documents)
RadioButtonField RadioButtonGroup RichTextField SeparatorField TreeField

Tip: for more information about Field types, refer to the BlackBerry Java API Javadocs
Lists enable you to create directories of items through which users can scroll and select individual or multiple entries. Lists are scrolled vertically using the trackwheel. The BlackBerry address book is an example of a List object.

Ribbon icons

Icons should be simple to comprehend and should represent a meaningful association with the application it calls. Icons must be 26 by 26 pixels in size, with a color depth of 65,000 colors. When creating an application, include both a color icon and a monochrome icon in the resource files for the application. At start-up, the application will automatically select the appropriate icon to display depending on whether or not the handheld has a color screen.
Creating an effective main screen
Most BlackBerry applications share similar main screen characteristics in terms of appearance and functionality. These characteristics are dictated both by the design of the trackwheel and the size and shape of the screen. For this reason, most BlackBerry applications should adhere to a common set of standards. The main screen of a typical BlackBerry application should have the following characteristics:
title bar at the top with a separator line after the title
optional standards sized non-scrolling region at the top of the screen (called the banner) that displays the date and time and the radio and battery status of the handheld. Note that while the banner is optional and is not suited for all applications, it is a good idea to include at least battery and signal information, especially in applications that use the radio. main scrolling section with vertical layout menu with a Close menu item close action when the user clicks the Close menu item or presses the Escape button
Each screen displays an appropriate title bar that describes the contents of the screen. For game applications, an appropriate title bar is required only when the user initially enters the game from the Home screen.

Message List main screen

In the previous figure, the Message list screen of the mail application adheres to the principles stated previously. It features a non-scrolling region containing the date and time, a vertically scrolled message and a menu with a close item. The application closes when the user presses the Escape button. In the following figure, the search functionality of the address book uses the title bar to prompt the user to enter a search string.

Search screen

Tip: The application main screen is described in the BlackBerry Java API by the MainScreen class. The MainScreen class defines the components, such as the title bar and main scrolling regions, that make up the common features of a typical BlackBerry application. Most of the main screen functionality is provided in this class. for more information, refer to the BlackBerry Java API Javadocs

Browser design principles
In a wireless environment, you should typically deliver related content on as few pages as possible. Although a page with more content might take a few seconds longer to download to the browser, users do not have to make subsequent requests, and the information is available even when users move outside an area of wireless coverage. Because the BlackBerry handheld provides a trackwheel for scrolling, users can scroll through several screens of text easily. For example, in WML pages, put related cards in the same deck whenever possible so that the document only has to be loaded once. If the deck contains a relatively large card that many users might not want to view, save the card in its own deck to minimize download time. If you divide related content into more than one page, make links to related content easily accessible. Make sure that links to related content are visible in a non-scrolling area of the page or at the top of the page. Design web pages to use the BlackBerry handheld screen effectively. The handheld has a larger screen than many other mobile devices, such as cellular phones.

Text entry

Text entry on a cellular phone keypad can be difficult, so effective site design for WAP browsers often mandates that, whenever possible, users should not be required to type text using the keypad. This restriction is not applicable to the browser; users are often comfortable using the keyboard to type text into web forms. You should not require users to type redundant or anticipated information, but you can expect users to type text using the keyboard when appropriate. The browser supports both the <input type="text"> and <textarea> elements in HTML, and
<inputtype="text"> in WML.

Minimize download time

Download time is affected by three factors: content size, wireless network, and protocol characteristics. For example, a 15 KB file can take between 30 and 50 seconds to download through a WAP gateway on a GPRS network.
The best way to improve download time and provide a high-quality user experience is to reduce the size of your web pages. Do not include unnecessary content in web pages. Use images only when necessary, and reduce image file size as much as possible. Consider using a cascading style sheet (CSS) to render your HTML page. A cascading style sheet enables you to define the look of your web page by defining styles and fonts externally. Cascading style sheets dramatically decrease the time it takes to download and display your webpage.

Improve rendering time

Rendering on the browser is much faster than download times, but large content can still require several seconds to parse and display. WML typically renders more quickly than HTML or XHTML content. The Mobile Data Service (MDS) optimizes browsing by processing HTML content before sending it to the browser. The Mobile Data Service filters unsupported markup and converts content into a tokenized format that the browser can display efficiently. In addition, you can improve rendering times by processing and filtering content at an intermediate server between the web server and the handheld.

Images

use well-defined images and clear color contrasts fonts that are saved as images should not be anti-aliased; anti-aliasing smooths edges by blending the background and foreground colors and anti-aliased images do not display optimally if you need to shrink an image to better fit the smaller screen, when possible, you should redraw the image; scaling down the image results in blurred edges that display poorly in web pages, remember that users can specify whether images should be loaded or not; images should not be critical to the effectiveness and usefulness of your web site
Note: Remember that not all users have the same handhelds. Create images that render well on both monochromatic and color screens. Always provide descriptive alternate text for images just in case.

Web content

To deliver the appropriate content to wireless browsers, you can write a script to deliver different content depending on two factors:
Browser type: In an HTTP request, the browser includes a User-Agent header that identifies itself. Use this header to deliver different content to desktop browsers than to wireless browsers. You can also deliver different content to BlackBerry handhelds than to other devices.
Content type: In an HTTP request, the browser includes an Accept header that specifies the content types that it accepts. Use this header to deliver content that the browser can accept. For example, the browser on Java-based BlackBerry handhelds supports WML and HTML, but the browser on C++-based BlackBerry handhelds supports WML only; handhelds with color display support.jpg images, but other handhelds do not.
Handheld error prevention and recovery
Applications must warn the user about data loss before executing any function that might result in data loss. For any text entry field where data has been entered, the application must post a message box warning the user of data loss for any functions that can result in data loss (for example, cancel or close). It is important to test whether or not the application will continue to function properly when it loses focus, is halted, or is sent to the background. Perform the following actions to test for proper functioning: 1. 2. 3. Press and hold the Alt key and press the Esc button to task switch. Insert the handheld into the holster. When an email or calendar notification occurs, remove the handheld from the holster. If the application is functioning correctly, it will continue to run in the background or maintain state until it regains the focus.