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Welcome to Tiger

Find out what you can do with Mac OS X v10.4

www.apple.com

034-2882-A Printed in XXXX
Apple Computer, Inc. 2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the keyboard Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. Apple, the Apple logo, FireWire, iCal, iLife, iMovie, iPod, iTunes, Mac, Mac OS, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Expos, Finder, GarageBand, iDVD, iPhoto, iSight, Safari, SnapBack, Spotlight, SuperDrive, and Tiger are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. iTunes Music Store is a service mark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.Mac is a service mark of Apple Computer, Inc. Because Apple frequently releases new versions and updates to its software, images shown in this book may be slightly different from what you see on your screen.
Mac OS X puts power at your fingertips with Spotlight searching, Dashboard widgets, custom web news, and four-way video conferencing.
Spotlight Dashboard iChat AV Safari RSS Automator
Find anything, anywhere, anytime. Instantly. Instant access to a new kind of application called widgets. Video conference with up to three other people. Scan the latest news, information, and articles from the Internet. Automate tasks with point-and-click simplicity.

Spotlight

Find anything, anytime on your computer as quickly as you can type. Search your entire system from anywhere to find documents, email, contacts, calendars, music, movies, photos, bookmarks, and applications.
To find something, click the Spotlight icon, then type a few letters or words.
Click to view a slideshow of your images.
The Spotlight window shows all the search results in groups.
Click to show or hide a group of items.
The Spotlight menu shows the top 20 items you have opened recently. Click an item to open it.
Organized results To view all the results of your search, choose Show All in the Spotlight menu to open the Spotlight window. You can group items, sort them, and limit the results. You can preview images and see additional information about items.
Click to select the way you want to group the results. Click to view additional information about an item.
This is the metadata that Spotlight uses to search for this image.
Click to group, sort, or limit search results. Customize Spotlight Use Spotlight preferences to select and prioritize the types of items you want to search for. If you dont want to search certain folders or disks, click Privacy and then select them.
Drag items to prioritize search results. Click to deselect items you dont want displayed.
Choose a shortcut to show the Spotlight search field.

Spotlight Everywhere

Youll find Spotlight throughout Mac OS X Tiger, including the Finder, System Preferences, Mail, Address Book, and elsewhere. You can also save search criteria to create a Smart Folder that updates its contents automatically each time you open it.
After you specify a search, click Save to create a Smart Folder.
Type a few letters or words to search your files.
Click a Smart Folder to see the current contents or edit its search criteria.
Click the Add (+) button to search using additional criteria.
Finding preferences To find and change a preferences setting, open System Preferences and type a few letters or words in the search field. Spotlight even understands Windows terms. Type a few letters or words to find the preference you want to set.
Choose a term in this menu to see where the setting is located.
When the preferences pane you want is highlighted, press Return to open it.
Finding documents You can use Spotlight to find items when youre using any application. You can also use the search field in the Open and Save dialogs to find files and folders on your computer. Type a few letters or words to search for items on your computer.
Click to select where you want to search.

Dashboard

Dashboard zooms onto your desktop with the click of a mouse and, like Expos, disappears just as quickly. You can use widgets to get up-to-date information, quickly look up contacts, check your stock portfolio, see whats playing on iTunes, and more.
Some widgets get information from the Internet.
Click anywhere on the desktop to close Dashboard.
Click to open the Dashboard widget bar to add more widgets.
You can open more than one copy of a widget.
Click the Dashboard icon to open it.
Expanding Dashboard Its a snap to get more widgets. When you open Dashboard, click the Open (+) button to show the widget bar. To add a widget to Dashboard, just click it.
Click to close the widget bar.
Click to close the widget.
If this icon appears, click it to see other widgets.
Customizing widgets Most widgets are simple and customizable to fit your needs. To see the settings you can change, click the Info button in the bottom right corner. For example, in the Stock widget, you can specify the stocks you want to see.
When youre finished, click Done.
Click the Info button to select options for a widget.

To add a stock, type a companys name or symbol, then press Return. Select a name in the menu, then click the Add (+) button.

iChat AV

Use multiway video and audio conferencing to chat live with friends and colleagues. Video conference with up to three other people with stunning, true-to-life pictures and crystal-clear conversation.
Change your availability with the iChat status icon.
Chat with family, friends, and colleagues. All you need is their.Mac member name, AIM screen name, or Jabber ID.
The 3D view practically puts your guests in the room with you, right down to the reflection on the table.
Click to view your video conference full screen.
Audio chats You can hold audio chats with up to nine other people. Just select their names and click the telephone icon at the bottom of the Buddy List.
This person is available for a multiperson audio chat. The bar indicates who is talking.
Participants can leave the chat at any time. If you need to remove someone, select the icon and press Delete.
Click to mute the chat if you need to answer the phone or talk to someone in your office.
Instant messaging You can use iChat instant messaging to chat with one person or many. While youre chatting, you can send web links, files, and photos by simply dragging them into the chat. Web links open with a click. Choose View > Show Chat Participants to see everyone in the chat.
This person is available for a multiperson video chat.
Click to add buddies to your chat. Type your message here. Click the Smiley menu icon to add a Smiley to your message.

Safari RSS

Now Safari brings you up-to-the-minute RSS news, headlines, and summaries from the web. Scan thousands of articles in one easy-to-read, searchable list. Then bookmark your search to quickly find similar articles in the future.
Click to view the webpage. Click again to see the RSS feeds.
The number of unread RSS articles appears next to the bookmark.
View RSS articles in the Safari browser window, then click Read more to read the full article.
Bookmark article searches to use the search again and again.
Display PDFs You can view PDFs right in the webpage so that you dont have to download the file to use it. The contextual menu lets you choose how you want to view the PDF.
Hold down the Control key and click the PDF to select viewing options. Choose Auto Size to scale the PDF to fit in the window as you resize it.
Private browsing When you browse the Internet using a public computer, turn on Private Browsing to protect your information. When its on, the websites you visit arent added to the history, your information isnt saved for AutoFill, and searches arent added to the Google search box. Choose Private Browsing from the Safari menu to protect your personal information.

You can also reset Safari or empty the cache.
Take control of your inbox. With Spotlight searching, find messages instantly and organize them using Smart Mailboxes. Slideshows make it easy to view images you receive in messages and then save them directly to your iPhoto library.
Type a few letters or words to search your mailboxes.
Create a Smart Mailbox to automatically organize email messages.
Click Slideshow to view the images attached to a message.
Instant searching When you type a few letters or words in the search field, Mail immediately starts finding messages. You can then change where Mail is searching and save your search as a Smart Mailbox. Select to search all mailboxes or the current mailbox and the field to search in. Slideshow viewing When you view images in an email message as a slideshow, you can view them as thumbnails on an index sheet or as individual pictures. As you view individual pictures, click to add them to your iPhoto library. Click Save to create a Smart Mailbox with this search.
Click an image in index view to see it full size.
Click to see images on an index sheet.
Click to add the current image to your iPhoto library.

Address Book and iCal

Address Book and iCal make it easy to organize and share information so that you can collaborate with others. iCal lets you invite guests to events, while calendar groups help you organize your meetings and events.
This icon indicates that everyone invited to the meeting has accepted.
Create calendar groups to organize your calendars.
Double-click an event to see it in your calendar.
Click to check the status of events you are invited to or have invited other people to.
Type a word or two to find events in your calendars.
Event invitations You can invite Address Book contacts to events you create in iCal. When you do, iCal sends them an email invitation. When they reply, you receive an email from them and iCal is updated.
To invite people to an event, type their names the same way you address messages in Mail. If your guests use iCal, they can choose their status and send you a reply.

Finding contacts Address Book provides several ways to organize and find your contacts. Use Spotlight searching to quickly locate any person in your address book. Create a Smart Group to quickly find contacts based on information in Address Book. Type a few letters or words to search your contacts.
Click a Smart Group to see the contacts in the group.

.Mac Sync

.Mac sync* makes it simple to keep your information synchronized on several Mac computers. You can synchronize bookmarks, calendars, contacts, and more so that you always have current information available.
Sync your iDisk automatically so that you can access your files from several computers.
iSync lets you synchronize contacts and calendars on your iPod, phone, or PDA.
Use.Mac preferences to select the information you want to synchronize. * To use iDisk and.Mac syncing, you need a.Mac membership.
.Mac syncing You can select the information you want to synchronize and how you want to do it. Choose to sync automatically; every hour, day, or week; or manually. To sync your information immediately, click Sync Now.
Choose whether you want to sync your information automatically or do it yourself. Select the information you want to synchronize.
Syncing your iPod iSync lets you select how you want to synchronize your contacts and calendars on your iPod. You can sync all your contacts and calendars, or you can select a specific group or calendar.
Select to sync your iPod automatically when you connect it to your Mac. Choose the group of contacts you want to sync. Select the iCal calendars you want to sync on your iPod.

QuickTime 7

The new H.264 codec in QuickTime 7 delivers crystal-clear video and smooth playback even when you change the size of the player window. Upgrade to QuickTime 7 Pro to capture movies and share them with your friends.
Get up to four times the frame size of MPEG-4 video.
Select the part of the movie you want to review.
Using QuickTime 7 Pro, capture video live using your iSight or other FireWire camera.
Sharing Share your QuickTime movies effortlessly. Choose Share from the File menu to send your movie in an email or put it on your.Mac website.
Send your movie in an email or save it on your.Mac HomePage. Choose a size that works best with your Internet connection.
Easy controls QuickTime 7 Pro gives you great control of your movies. When youre viewing a movie in fullscreen mode, move your mouse to see the control panel.
Control playback using familiar video controls.
Click to return to normal viewing.

Works With Windows

Your Mac fits seamlessly into Windows networks so you can share documents and printers with everyone. You can establish a secure connection to a Windows network over the Internet and access Microsoft Exchange servers.
Click Network in the Finder to browse for Windows workgroups.

Use your iDisk to share files with Windows users on the Internet.
Browse Mac and Windows file shares in the same window.
Log in to Windows shares just as you would on a Windows computer.
Windows printers If you have a printer connected to a Windows computer, you can share it with Mac computers on your network. To add a Windows printer to the list of available printers on your Mac, open Printer Setup Utility.
To begin, click Add in the toolbar to open the Printer Browser.
Click More Printers at the bottom of the Printer Browser, then choose Windows Printing and select the workgroup for the printer.
Click More Printers to add a Windows printer.
Exchange services Mail and Address Book work with Microsoft Exchange servers so you can access the same addresses available on an Exchange server.
When you create a new account in Mail, choose Exchange from the Account Type pop-up menu.
In Address Book, open Preferences and select this option.

Automator

Automator lets you automate the tasks you do most often. Its simple to create Automator workflows by dragging actions and selecting options. Then share your workflows in several convenient formats.
Drag actions here to create a workflow. Click Run to test your workflow.
To find actions, type a word or two here.
Youll find actions available for many Mac OS X applications.
When you select an action, the description provides information to help you use the action.
Building a workflow As you add actions to your workflow, they are linked together to indicate the flow. To customize actions to perform the task you want, you can set values and select options. If an action doesnt have the data it requires to work correctly, you will see an indication at the top of the action.
Drag actions to change their order.
Shows that files will flow from the action above to the following action.
Click to remove an action from the workflow.
Select the options you want the action to use in this workflow. Putting them to work There are several ways you can put your workflow to work for you. You can save it as a workflow document or an application and then share it with friends by mailing it to them. If you save a workflow as a plug-in, you can choose how you want to use it on your computer, such as Folder Actions or iCal alarms.
Choose the type of plug-in you want to create.
Double-click a workflow application to run it.

Parental Controls

You can create a user account for each person using your Mac and select appropriate privileges for each one. You have complete control of your childrens access to your computer, the Internet, and who they communicate with.

Select the applications you want to control. To quickly change users, turn on fast user switching.
Select appropriate privileges for each user you create.
Click to add a new user account for each person using your computer.
Only users with an administrator password can change these settings.
Click to specify the people this user can chat with.
Controlling email To protect your children from receiving unwanted email messages, turn on parental controls for Mail and then specify the email addresses of users they can exchange messages with. If someone who isnt on the list sends your child a message, you get notified automatically. Before your child can send a message to someone not on the list, you have to give permission.
Click here to allow your child to receive messages from this person.
The notification message is sent to the email address you specify.
Controlling chats When you turn on parental controls for iChat, you can specify which users your child can chat with. Your child will not be able to chat with someone without your permission.
To allow this user to chat with someone, click the Add (+) button.
Select a name from Address Book or click New Person to add someone.

iTunes

iTunes makes it easy to organize, share, and listen to your music. Shop for music on the iTunes Music store*. Create playlists of your favorite songs, then copy them to your iPod. Or burn CDs to share your music with your friends.
Type a word or two to search your music library or the iTunes Music Store.
Click to visit the iTunes Music Store.
Create Smart Playlists to organize your music.
To mix it up, click the Shuffle icon. * The iTunes Music Store may not be available in your country.
iTunes widget Dashboard includes the iTunes widget that lets you check whats playing and control playback while you work without opening iTunes. Drag the outside ring to change volume.
See whats playing and how long its been playing.
Works with iPod iTunes, iPod, and your Mac were made for each other. Simply plug iPod, iPod mini, or iPod shuffle into your Mac and iTunes opens automatically. You can then copy your favorite songs to iPod so you can have them with you all the time.

iLife applications* work together to help you unleash your creativity. Create photo albums and slideshows, make your own high-definition digital videos, compose your own music, then author DVDs to share your creations with others.
Double-click an image to begin editing it.
Create a Smart Album to organize photos by the criteria you specify.
Use the calendar view to find the photos you want to work with.
Create a slideshow of your photos complete with effects and music. * iLife applications are not included with Mac OS X, but may be installed on your computer. Some iPhoto services may not be available in your country. To use some iPhoto services, you need a.Mac membership. To burn a DVD, your computer must have a SuperDrive.
iMovie HD iMovie HD brings you powerful, yet easy-to-use digital video editing. Choose Make a Magic iMovie from the File menu to create a movie from the clips on your camera instantly. You can use digital video film clips in many formats, including HD and MPEG-4.
Use the Media Browsers to add clips, photos, and music, or prepare to burn your own DVD.
Click the Trash to restore media you have deleted. Select to record a movie using your digital camera.
iDVD iDVD makes creating your own DVDs a snap. Now with new themes that include animated drop zones, you can use photos, slideshows, and movie clips to create exciting DVDs. And easiest of all, choose OneStep DVD from the File menu to turn the clips on your camera into a DVD instantly.
Select an Apple-designed theme to start your project.
View a map of your DVD project to help you keep organized.
GarageBand Turn your Mac into an anytime, anywhere recording studio with hundreds of instruments. GarageBand is the easiest way to create, perform, and record your own music.
Click to open the Track Info window, loop browser, or editor.
View the notation for your song as you record it.

Color Management with Mac OS X Tiger
Technology Tour December 2005
Technology Tour Color Management with Mac OS X Tiger

Contents

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Introduction The ColorSync Foundation ICC Color Profile Color Management Module Rendering Intent ColorSync Utility Color Workflow: Capture Image Capture Images without Profiles Color Workflow: Edit Calibrating and Profiling Your Display Communicating Consistent Color Converting to a Preferred Color Space Color Workflow: Output Sharing Virtual Color Proofs Checking Color with Print Preview PDF and PostScript Support Using Quartz Filters Workflow Considerations for Output Color Workflow: Automation Image Events Automating Color Management Tasks with AppleScript Simplifying Automation Using Automator Summary Resources

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Introduction
Color has the ability to communicate, to please, to excite, and to engage. Color makes a differenceoften a dramatic differencein your photographs, your graphics, and your layouts. Getting color right early in the workflow, and keeping it right to the end, is increasingly critical in the fast-paced, deadline-driven digital world. Yet photographers and designers are frequently dismayed when they print an image and the color is wildly different from expectations. These disruptive surprises can cost time and money and cause delivery delays and disappointed clients. Color is an elusive phenomenon. Say red, and youre describing a sensation that your eyes and brain associate with a certain wavelength of light. But exactly how red is the red? Computers use numbers to more precisely define color; for example, Red 255, Green 0, Blue 0 is a ratio of numbers that describes the maximum red in a digital file. But what does this red really look like? And how do you ensure its consistency at every step of the workflowfrom capture to computer screen to ink on paperwhen each camera, scanner, and printer records or outputs colors a bit differently? Mac OS X version 10.4 Tiger provides a robust, standards-based solution for color management. ColorSync, Apples universal color translator, delivers consistent and accurate color across devices and at all stages of production. With ColorSync integrated into Mac OS X, you can implement a complete color-managed workflow. ColorSync extends the capabilities of creative professionals by making the management of color effective, predictable, and practical. Participants in the creative and production processes will experience these benefits: Accurate color that matches expectations Consistent color over time, across media, and using multiple vendors Better coordination among distributed team members Reduced production timetables, based on shorter and fewer review cycles Reduced costs from greater efficiencies, fewer paper proofs, and less rework More satisfied clients, based on faster turnaround, lower costs, and higher-quality products ColorSync and Mac OS X deliver on the promise of higher productivity through the accurate representation and consistent reproduction of color. The color you capture is consistent from the screen to the finished printed product. No waste. No surprises. No disappointments. This Technology Tour provides step-by-step examples that show you how to put the advanced color management capabilities of Mac OS X Tiger into practice in your dayto-day work.

The ColorSync Foundation

ICC Color Profile

Good color management starts with a color profile, a cross-platform file that describes a particular devices color characteristics. When a printer, scanner, or digital camera is connected to your system, ColorSync automatically assigns an ICC profile to that device. In most cases, this is a profile that the devices manufacturer has supplieda factory profile. While many devices come with ICC profiles that ColorSync can automatically assign, others will need you to specify the ICC profile. Some manufacturers provide ICC profiles on their websites, and service providers often supply ICC profiles particular to their devices. Professional users may want to create their own, as the accuracy of profiles custom-built for a specific device may be far superior. The ICC color profile describes the total volume of colors for a device, or its color space. For example, an RGB value of R10, G100, B10 is a ratio of colors describing a green colorbut how green? Profiles define the range of colors, or gamut, a device is capable of producing. For color management to work correctly, two pieces of information are needed: the color characteristics of the source of your image (its input or source profile) and how the image will be reproduced (its output or destination profile). ColorSync uses the color profiles to match color from input to display to final output, adjusting for the color characteristics and any limitations of the devices in the workflowa process called color conversion.

Color Management Module

To reproduce consistent color from camera to display to printer, a translationknown as a color space conversionhas to occur between devices. The color management module, or CMM, is the mathematical engine that ColorSync uses to perform the color transformation based on an ICC device profile to produce the expected color. The more accurate the ICC profiles are for each device, the greater the consistency that ColorSync will have in translating color from device to device. When an image created with a digital camera is displayed, the CMM translates the color space of the camera (its input profile) to the color space of the display (the destination profile). Another such translation occurs when the image is printed, using the ICC profile to define the printer. For each translation, the CMM must consider the gamut of colors for each device and what must be done to accommodate the differences. This is where rendering intents come in.

ICC profile location ColorSync profiles are stored in several locations in Mac OS X. The operating system installs profiles in a read-only location: /System/Library/ColorSync/Profiles. Users should install profiles in the other locations to allow access control and editing of the profiles. For all users of the same Mac system: /Library/ColorSync/Profiles For a specific individual user of the system: ~/Library/ColorSync/Profiles For access over a managed network: /Network/Library/ColorSync/Profiles
Profile First Aid Mac OS X Tiger supports the latest implementation of the ICC color management specification; however, legacy profiles may need to be updated or repaired. Using Profile First Aid, ColorSync prevents outdated, corrupt, or poorly written profiles from bringing inconsistent color to your workflow. Profile First Aid verifies profiles on your hard drive and checks them for validity or corruption. If a profile doesnt meet current specifications, if its data is invalid, or if a tag is written incorrectly, Profile First Aid diagnoses the problem and can repair it with the click of a button. Profile First Aid verifies only the format of the profile, not the accuracy of the color it describes. Viewing and editing profiles ColorSync Utility lets you view and edit ICC profiles and view specific details integral to managing professional workflows. Click the triangle in the top corner of the profile list to choose how the profiles are sortedby location, class, or color space. Click the disclosure triangles in the profile list to show or hide profiles based on the current sorting. You can also select a profile in the list to display its name, location, origin, creation date, and more. Youll notice that every profile has an internal name that describes the device and its utilization, in addition to filenames determined by the operating system that created them. For example, the file might be named pcdcnycc.pf, but its internal descriptive name is more complete: KODAK Photo CD Color Negative V3.0. ColorSync Utility lets you inspect detailed information about each profile, including headers, tags, and color gamuts. You can even plot the gamut as a 3D shapemaking it easy to compare the relative color spaces of different devices. Because color spaces are three-dimensional, you can drag the gamut map to rotate it. You can also compare the color gamut of two profiles using ColorSync Utility; for example, the gamut of your desktop printer compared with the gamut of a commercial printer. Ideally, you want the printer that proofs color to have a gamut at least as large as that of the final output device, or you will not be able to print the full color gamut.
To compare two ICC profiles, click the first profile you wish to compare, then click the triangle next to the Lab Plot label and choose Hold for comparison from the pop-up menu. Next, from the list on the left, select any other ICC profile that you wish to compare with the first profile. Both will be locked together; however, you can rotate the gamut view once you place the cursor in the gamut window area. To zoom in on the gamut, hold down the Option key and drag.

A visual comparison of the color gamut of Generic RGB and Generic CMYK in ColorSync Utility. CMYK is quite a bit smaller in volume compared with RGB. These examples illustrate significant differences between color spaces and the need for professional-level color management.
Double-click a profile name in the list and a secondary window appears, showing detailed information about the profile. This window provides a way to view the data that makes up the definition of the color space and other information. While some of this data can be edited, doing so may result in inaccurate color transformations, unless you have a strong knowledge of the ICC color profile specification.
Detailed color profile information in ColorSync Utility.
For more information about profile tags and other ICC specifications, refer to www.color.org. Registering profiles to devices When a printer, scanner, or digital camera is connected to your Mac, ColorSync automatically assigns the device an ICC profilein most cases, the factory profile supplied by the manufacturer. The Devices pane in ColorSync Utility is where specific profiles can be created for each device. Whether you are supplied an ICC profile or you create your own, you can change the profile registered for each device by selecting a device from the list on the left side of the Devices pane and clicking the Current Profile pop-up menu. When you select the ICC profile you wish to use, it becomes associated with the device. The name of the Current Profile is updated to reflect your change.
Registering color profiles to devices in ColorSync Utility.
Some devices, like printers, may have many profiles assigned to themusually to reflect the different characteristics of each paper or media used. A blue dot indicates the default profile to be used. In the case of printers, the correct ICC profile is selected based on the paper type chosen in the Print dialog. Quartz Filters Quartz is the PDF-based graphics system in Mac OS X that draws graphic elements on displays and output devices. Quartz Filters give users the ability to apply color management, effects, and other processes when creating a PDF file or printing. You can create your own Quartz Filters using the controls in the Filters pane in ColorSync Utility. More information about Quartz Filters is included in the Using Quartz Filters section. Calculator Using the Calculator tool in ColorSync Utility, you can compare the impact of color models, color spaces, rendering intents, and the translations that occur when color transformations are performed by the CMM. This tool provides a way to empirically see the impact that each element has in color transformations.

The Calculator tool in ColorSync Utility can compare color spaces.
Color space conversions ColorSync Utility can also be used as a tool for color space conversions on images. When you open an image in ColorSync Utility, you see the image along with additional options at the bottom of the screen. For example, to apply a sepia-tone profile to the image, choose Apply Profile from the left pop-up menu, Abstract from the middle popup menu, then select Sepia Tone. You can also convert an image for an output device by selecting the Output menu and the appropriate printer profile. When converting to an output color space, you can choose a rendering intent for the color space conversion using the Intent pop-up menu. Click Apply to see a soft proof of how the image will appear after conversion. Choose the rendering intent that produces your preferred color appearance based on the image and the profiles being used. Choose Save As from the File menu to apply the conversion and save the new file to your hard drive, ready for output to that particular output device.
Applying a color profile with ColorSync Utility.

Color Workflow: Capture

Images and color-critical documents may come to you from a variety of sources. You might download images from cameras. Or scan the images. Or images and documents could come to you via email, FTP, the web, and CDs or other media. Ideally, images you receive from colleagues will already have a profile embedded that accurately describes the color within. If so, you can proceed to the next phase of the workflow. But what about images coming from devices such as digital cameras or scanners? What about images that do not have color profiles embedded? ColorSync and Mac OS X can assist you in the capture phase of your workflow.

Image Capture

Images need an ICC profile to define their color space. The Image Capture application lets you set your preferences for capturing and embedding these profiles in the images. The images captured are automatically color-managed. The Image Capture framework in Mac OS X allows other applications to download color-managed images as well. Image Capture automatically recognizes devices such as scanners and digital cameras and completes a number of color management tasks. You can set Image Capture to assign and embed an ICC profile in each file as images are downloaded to your Mac. This application can save you hours of work by automatically applying the correct ICC profile to each input device. As a framework built into Mac OS X, Image Capture provides a common method for downloading images from a camera and into an application. It is used by applications such as Aperture and iPhoto and by many third-party developers. With such a framework in Mac OS X, users experience a familiar method for downloading images, and developers can spend more time creating compelling applications.

Setting a color profile to a specific camera in Image Capture. Untagged images and Generic RGB The integrated color management in Mac OS X requires that all images reference ICC profiles to describe color accurately from device to device. In situations where an image lacks a profile (it is untagged), Mac OS X assumes that the image was created with a special generic color space. Mac OS X includes Generic RGB, Generic CMYK, and Generic Gray profiles that represent approximate color space assignments for untagged images. While these profiles ensure consistent behavior when viewing untagged images, it is recommended that you tag your images with the correct profile when they are created. For more information on Generic RGB, see Technical Note QA1430 at http://developer.apple.com/qa/qa2005/ qa1430.html.
You can also assign ICC device profiles to your digital camera or scanner using ColorSync Utility, as previously described. This information is then recognized by Image Capture and used for all images from that device. It is easy to assign a different profile if you need to. Once you launch Image Capture, it detects the device youve connected to your Macintosh. Simply click Options and select any ICC profile you wish to assign to files from this device.

Images without Profiles

Files without an embedded ICC profile are generally referred to as untagged images. Untagged images present a problem for any color management system because the color space is not defined, and therefore assumptions must be made regarding the color contained within. Since Mac OS X and color-aware applications such as Adobe Photoshop work best with tagged images, it is advisable to avoid untagged images. There are a number of ways to determine whether an image has an embedded profile in Mac OS X. You can select the image in the Finder and choose Get Info. Or you can open it using Preview and choose the Get Info command from the Tools menuthis will provide a wealth of information about the image, including the embedded ICC profile. Spotlight in Mac OS X Tiger can also be used to find information about documents, including the embedded profile and other EXIF (Exchangeable Image File) data commonly embedded in graphic file formats.
Assigning color profiles, and the Document Info pane in Preview.
To assign and embed a profile in a file opened in Preview, choose the Assign Profile command in the Tools menu and select the correct profile from the pop-up menu (see figure above). Once you click OK, the soft proof is modified based on the profile selected. While the numeric values in the image have undergone no change, the definition of those numbers has been supplied. Preview updates the soft proof based on this new color space.

Color Workflow: Edit

Calibration devices For maximum accuracy in calibrating and profiling a display or output device, a hardware calibration device such as a colorimeter or a spectrophotometer can be used. Colorimeters are most often used for calibrating displays. Spectrophotometers are used to calibrate and profile displays, and they are also useful for creating profiles for output devices such as printers. For more information on measurement devices, visit the Macintosh Products Guide at www.apple.com/guide.

Calibrating and Profiling Your Display
Once you have captured your images and embedded the appropriate ICC color profile, you are ready to begin editing them to suit your needs. However, because your display is the window into everything you do, first ensure that an accurate color profile is produced for your display. By calibrating your display and using a custom profile, you can trust the color you see on your display and be able to view and modify color in your images more accurately. While Mac OS X has already assigned a factory profile to your display, conducting your own calibration of the display based on your environmental conditions is highly recommended. Mac OS X provides the tools to do this using the Display Calibrator Assistant. The Display Calibrator Assistant is accessed from the Displays pane of System Preferences. In the Color pane of the Displays preference pane are options for selecting the current ICC color profile for your display, as well as a Calibrate button, which opens the Display Calibrator Assistant.
Apple displays Apple displays offer a depth of 16.7 million colors and let you see consistent color from a 170 viewing angle. Independent studies have shown that Apple Cinema Displays are extremely accurate right out of the box, with little deviation from the factory profiles. Apples industry-leading LCD displays are flicker-free, with twice the brightness, twice the sharpness, and twice the contrast of typical CRT displays. Unlike other flat-panel displays, theyre designed with a pure digital interface to deliver distortion-free images and enable precision editing. For more information, see www.apple.com/displays.
The Display Calibrator Assistant in Mac OS X.
When calibrating your display using the Display Calibrator Assistant, be sure to select the Expert Mode checkbox, which will enable a finer set of adjustments to your display profile. The onscreen instructions walk you through the process of calibrating the display (see screen above). An ICC color profile will be generated and registered to your display for ColorSync to use. As a general practice, its best to calibrate your display once a month at its native resolution.
Communicating Consistent Color
Once your display is calibrated and profiled and all of your images have color profiles embedded, your Mac OS X applications such as Preview, Mail, Safari, and Adobe Photoshop are capable of accurate color soft proofing. In addition, the correct color space conversions for output are now easy to accomplish. When displays are calibrated and profiled correctly, you can share documents with colleagues using Mac OS X and be assured that they will see the same colors. For example, you can post images on your web page and those viewing them will see the correct colors in Safari. You can email files in Mail with accurate color. Applications that use Quartz are automatically color-managed using ColorSync for accurate color soft proofing.

Creating graphics for the web At times you may want to convert your images to another color space for optimal viewing on the web. For instance, suppose you have a number of files in Adobe RGB (1998), which is ideal for editing and archiving images, but you want to post them to a web page where sRGB is a more appropriate color space. If you convert your images to sRBG and attach the sRBG profile, colors will be interpreted correctly by colorsavvy applications like Safari, and the images will maintain a small gamut for adequate display on non-color-managed devices and applications.
Converting to a Preferred Color Space
Some color-aware applications will ask you to choose a preferred working space. A good working space for images provides consistency in defining neutral colors. When all three colors (red, green, and blue) have the same value, such as R100, G100, B100, and the resulting color is neutral, without any color cast or tint, the color space is considered linear. Common linear color spaces like Adobe RGB (1998) are ideal for editing and archiving images, while the smaller sRGB space provides a linear color space when dealing with multiple devices in a non-color-managed workflow. This is not always the case with the color profiles of RGB devices, especially those used for printing. For editing and archiving, its best to select a working space with a gamut that overreaches or matches the gamut of the capture (input) device.

Color Workflow: Output

ColorSync in Mac OS X allows you to share your work with confidence. With an ICCbased color-managed workflow, youll spend far less time and money achieving the color you desire. Mac OS X Tiger provides several capabilities to help ensure this. You can examine an accurate color preview onscreen prior to printing a hard copy of your files. You can share virtual color proofs with colleagues. Using the capabilities in the various formats of PDF, you can decide at what point in your workflow you want to apply color management to all your documents. And youll enjoy consistent color when printing your documents.
Sharing Virtual Color Proofs
Suppose you want to send an image electronically that would accurately represent the colors of the image if it were printed. Digital cameras are capable of capturing a large gamut of colors. Displays are capable of displaying a large gamut of colors. But printers may not be able to re-create the same gamut of colors. To compensate, a virtual color proof can be created where the resulting document is limited to represent the desired output device. Creating a virtual color proof with Preview The Preview application in Mac OS X can apply color profiles and convert the colors in a document to fit within a specified color space. To convert a documents colors to fit within another color space, choose the Match to Profile command in the Tools menu. Select the appropriate color model and color profile for the conversion and click OK. The soft proof of the image is updated to reflect the effect of this conversion. This functionality is different from the Assign Profile option. To match to another color profile, you are adjusting the color of every pixel in the image as its converted into a new color space. You might want to save the adjusted file as a copy in order to retain the original data. Creating a virtual color proof with Aperture Aperture, Apples new post-production tool for photographers, can perform onscreen color proofing with ColorSync. Because ColorSync provides a registration system for your color profiles and devices, the profiles in your system are available in Aperture. To proof colors onscreen while working with your images, choose View > Onscreen Proofing, then select the appropriate profile to proof against with View > Proofing Profile. Once the image has been adjusted accordingly, you can export a version of the image with the profile of your choice. To create a virtual color proof for a particular device using Export Presets, choose Aperture > Presets > Export Presets, then create a new preset by clicking the Add (+) button at bottom left of the dialog. On the right side of the dialog is the ColorSync Profile setting; use for selecting the output device to create the virtual color proof.

The Preview button in the standard Print dialog of Mac OS X.
PDF and PostScript Support
From any printer driver in Mac OS X, you can access PDF Services to prepare a PDF document for output with options such as encryption and compression. You can configure your own PDF Services and save them for use in other applications using the standard Print dialog in Mac OS X. You can also create PDF/X-3 documents or even fax the page to a colleague, all from one dialog. The benefit of PDF is that all color-managed elements are encoded into a single file format. You can also save a PDF document as a PostScript file if the output device requires PostScript.
PDF/X-3 support When Mac OS X saves a file in PDF/X-3 format, it creates a prepress, industry-specific PDF file that is supplemented with additional information required by the PDF/X specification. This additional information is used in PDF-based prepress workflows to enhance the ease and reliability of commercially printed output. PDF/X-3 files save you time and money because they are easily validated, preflighted, and output by a wide variety of prepress software.
Creating a PDF/X-3 file using Quartz Filters.
Faster printing on a PostScript printer In the past, PostScript printers handled color space conversions. Now with Mac OS X Tiger, you can choose to have your Mac handle color conversions rather than using the PostScript printer for processing, which can dramatically accelerate color conversions. In your printer driver, choose ColorSync from the pop-up menu as shown in the figure below. If the driver can use this feature, youll see two options in the Color Conversion pop-up menu: Standard and In Printer. If the Standard option is selected, your Mac will process the data, taking advantage of the power of its processor. For example, ColorSync can use the power of a Power Mac G5 to greatly speed up the color space conversions, as compared with In Printer, which uses the printer hardware.
Setting In Printer option for PostScript in Mac OS X.

Using Quartz Filters

PDF documents in Mac OS X Tiger can be further refined using Quartz Filters. These filters let you apply color management, color effects, and other processing options such as compression or creation of files in PDF/X-3 format. To access Quartz Filters, click Filters in the toolbar of ColorSync Utility. Here you see the Quartz Filters that ship with Mac OS X Tiger. You can duplicate and modify these filters or create your own using ColorSync Utility. To create your own Quartz Filter, click the Add (+) button in the bottom left of the window and enter a name for the Quartz Filter. Press the Enter key and ColorSync Utility saves the name of your Quartz Filter. Click the triangle to the right of the name to see the Quartz Filter options. You can assign ICC profiles; convert to a new color space using profiles; apply color effects; change the bit depth, dimensions, and compression; or add comments to a PDF document. Your Quartz Filter can now be accessed from the Mac OS X Print dialog. Quartz Filters can also be accessed in Automator (see the Color Workflow: Automation section).

Creating a Quartz Filter with ColorSync Utility.
Workflow Considerations for Output
As previously discussed, at least two profiles are needed for color management to work correctly and predictably: the source profile and the destination profile. When and how you choose to apply the color conversions to the output profiles color space will affect how you approach your workflow. Consider the following two scenarios that involve a single-page layout consisting of a photo from one application, vector artwork from another, and a final layout that includes text. If you choose to apply the necessary color conversions to each image and artwork file before combining into a page in a page-layout applicationa process known as early bindingthe resulting file contains all the elements: graphics, text, and images in an output-ready color space for your chosen output device. In this method, each element has previously been converted in another application and optimized for a particular output device before being inserted into the final layout. If you need to print this file to another output device, you will need to go back to the original source files to convert the color space and once again place them in your layout. An alternative workflow method is to apply the color conversion to the output color space on the fly at print time. With this method, images are left in their working space and ColorSync performs the final color space conversion at print timea process known as late binding. Whether to choose early or late binding depends on a number of factors and your preferences. Either method can be used with Mac OS X Tiger.
Color Workflow: Automation
AppleScript in Mac OS X Mac OS X Tiger ships with many additional AppleScript scripts that can aid in handling color management tasks: Build profile info web page Change display profile Embed chosen profile Embed display profile Embed specific profile Extract profile Match to chosen profiles Match to CMYK Match to specific profiles Mimic PC monitor PC to Mac gamma Proof CMYK on display Proof to chosen profiles Proof to specific profiles Remove profile from image Rename profile Set profile info Show profile info
Everyone who uses a computer knows how time-consuming and tedious it can be to perform the same series of tasks over and over again. Mac OS X Tiger includes many technologies for automating tasks and applicationssuch as processing hundreds of images by resizing them, applying color profiles, or even changing the file format. Automation in the workflow can make you more productive while saving time and money.

Image Events

Mac OS X Tiger includes Image Events, a scriptable image processing architecture that enables AppleScript, Automator, and even the command line in Terminal to perform basic image edits such as cropping, scaling, rotation, and color conversions, without requiring any other applications. Custom workflows can be created that interact with a variety of tools and applications in Mac OS X.

Automating Color Management Tasks with AppleScript
Mac OS X Tiger ships with a number of AppleScript applications that can automate ColorSync-related processes. AppleScript is an English-like scripting language that automates the actions of the computer and the applications that run on it. Because ColorSync is scriptable, you can use this powerful technology to automate embedding color profiles, converting images to other color spaces, extracting profiles from images, and controlling other ColorSync tasks. An example of an AppleScript script in Mac OS X is Embed Chosen Profile. With this script, you will be asked to specify an image and then an ICC profile to embed in it. The real power of AppleScript comes into play when connecting other applications or scripts into complete workflows. For example, the Image Capture application can perform tasks that you specify. Scripts can be attached to folders to produce what are called Folder Actions, which are activated when files are moved into those folders. AppleScript also makes available a systemwide Script Menu to launch scripts. To turn on the Script Menu, open AppleScript Utility, located in the Applications folder, and check the option Show Script Menu in menu bar. AppleScript allows individuals and businesses to create customizable automation tools that enable them to be more productive by reducing repetitive tasks and eliminating human error.
Simplifying Automation Using Automator
Mac OS X Tiger introduces Automator, a simple-to-use drag-and-drop application for creating custom workflows that automate repetitive manual tasks. Automator contains actions that direct ColorSync to convert files using ICC profiles. You can also make custom workflows that can speed up production using PDF files. Automator and image processing Image processing tasks like embedding color profiles can be performed easily with Automator. For example, to create a workflow that changes the color profile for a series of images, select Preview in the Automator Library and drag the Apply ColorSync Profile to Images action into the workflow area. You will be asked if you want to add a Copy Finder Items action so the original files are not permanently altered; if you want to apply actions on a copy of the original file, click Add. In the Copy Finder Items pane, choose any folder you wish or use the default (Desktop). In the Apply ColorSync Profile to Images action, select an ICC profile from the pop-up menu to use for the color conversion. This workflow can now be saved as an application. However, the real power comes into play if you save a group of actions as a plug-in. You can select different types of plug-ins depending on how you want to utilize them. Automator plug-ins include: Finder. Adds the Automator workflow to the contextual menu accessible in the Finder. Folder Actions. Allow you to select a folder on your hard drive that will run the Automator workflow when items are added. iCal Alarm. Runs the workflow at times and dates specified in iCal, the easy-to-use calendaring application in Mac OS X. Image Capture. Runs the workflow using the Automated Tasks option in Image Capture. Print Workflow. Integrates your Automator workflow into the PDF Services of the Print dialog in Mac OS X, giving you access to PDF-based workflows from most applications. Script Menu. If you have enabled the AppleScript Script Menu, your workflow will also be accessible from the AppleScript menu in all applications.

Profiling Services

www.chromix.com www.colormanagement.com www.digitaldog.net
Adobe Photoshop CS2 for Photographers, by Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop Master Class, by John Paul Caponigro Color Management for Photographers, by Andrew Rodney Color Management in Mac OS X: A Practical Approach, by Joshua Weisberg Mastering Digital Printing: The Photographers and Artists Guide to High-Quality Digital Output, by Harold Johnson Photoshop Color Correction, by Michael Kieran Real World Adobe Photoshop CS, by David Blatner and Bruce Fraser Real World Color Management, by Bruce Fraser, Chris Murphy, and Fred Bunting

For More Information

For more information about Mac OS X, ColorSync, and other Mac OS X technologies, visit www.apple.com/macosx.
2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, Apple Cinema Display, AppleScript, ColorSync, the ColorSync logo, iCal, iPhoto, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, and Quartz are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder, Safari, Spotlight, and Tiger are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. Product specifications are subject to change without notice. This material is provided for information purposes only; Apple assumes no liability related to its use. December 2005 L315352A